Yaban Hayatı Ekolojisi ve Yöntemi Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12491/177

Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 29

Turkey's largest cinereous vulture population in a recently discovered breeding area in North-west Anatolia
(Scientific and Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Arslan, Şafak; Kirazlı, Cihangir
Studies regarding the cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), classified globally as near threatened, have recently accelerated in Turkey. Comprehensive studies particularly about the northwestern Anatolian population, have been conducted. Also, the genetic studies carried out, have revealed that the cinereous vulture population in Turkey is panmictic and that it has recently suffered a bottleneck. The main aim of this study conducted across the Koroglu Mountains in Bolu was to determine the population size and the breeding success of the species. A total of 37 field surveys in 2018 and 2019 have revealed Turkey's largest breeding cinereous vulture colony and have detected 60 breeding pairs. However, breeding success remained low. Considering this and other pertinent population studies, at least 200 pairs are estimated to breed in northwestern Anatolia. Conservation of the species is crucial in terms of the health and sustainability of the ecosystem; therefore, data related to nests must be incorporated into local forest management plans to sustain the Cinereous vulture population and breeding here.
The karyotype of anatolian ground squirrel spermophilus xanthoplymnus (Bennett, 1835) (Rodentia: Sciuridae ) from two localities in Anatolia, Turkey
(Inst Zoology, Bas, 2020) Arslan, Atilla; Toyran, Kubilay; Gözütok, Serdar
The standard karyotype and C-banding characteristics of six specimens of Anatolian Ground Squirrel Spermophilus xanthoprymnus (Bennett, 1835) collected in Gilintishane Province and Bitlis Province, Turkey. The karyotypc of the individuals from both localities contained 42 chromosomes and all the chromosomes were bi-armed. The arm number of autosomal chromosomes (NFa) was 80 and the fundamental number of chromosomal arms (FN) was 84. The X chromosome was medium-sized and submetacentric. The Y chromosome of Bitlis specimens was smallest and bi-armed, and the Y chromosome of Gumushane specimens was medium-sized and subtelocentric. All the autosomes and X chromosome of specimens from both localities possessed distinct centromeric or pericentromeric C-positive bands. An interstitial dark C-band was apparent also on the long arm of the submetacentric autosomal pair 4. However, submetacentric autosomal pair 4 was heteromorphic in the Bitlis specimens due to intrachromosomal translocation. The Y chromosome of Gumushane specimens had centromeric C-band and the Y chromosome of Bitlis squirels was entirely euchromatic.
Heavy-metal concentrations in feathers of cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus L.) as an endangered species in Turkey
(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Yamaç, Elif; Özden, Menekşe; Kirazlı, Cihangir; Malkoç, Semra
The aim of this study is to find out the certain heavy-metal levels in the feathers of cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus L.), which is a threatened species. The feathers of the cinereous vultures were collected from the breeding areas in Sundiken and Turkmenbaba Mountains. To avoid misleading results, vanes and calamuses of the rectrices were evaluated separately in terms of their As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn contents. ICP-OES was used to analyse the metal levels in feathers which belonged to 43 different individuals. All of the heavy-metal concentrations except for Cu were higher in vanes than in calamuses. The mean levels of Cd (0.254 +/- 1.589g/g d.w. in the calamus and 0.334 +/- 0.156g/g d.w. in the vane), Cr (6.536 +/- 6.378g/g d.w. in the vane), Ni (11.886 +/- 10.891g/g d.w. in the vane) and Pb (5.671 +/- 3.884g/g d.w. in the vane) exceeded the threshold values for the birds. As a result, we recommend further studies to understand the effects of the heavy metals on the population of the species.
Extremely low mitochondrial DNA diversity in a near threatened species, the Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus in Turkey
(Nederlandse Ornithologische Unie, 2019) Çakmak, Emel; Pekşen, Çiğdem Akın; Kirazlı, Cihangir; Yamaç, Elif; Bilgin, Cemal Can
The Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus is a near threatened raptor that occurs in isolated populations across its range. The only comprehensive genetic study performed so far excluded samples from Turkey, although this area forms a significant part of the species' range. In this study, we used 311 bp long sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 58 Turkish individuals to assess genetic diversity and phylogeny, and to determine if any signals for population expansion exist. Our phylogenetic analyses indicate that the Turkish birds hold, along with those from the Caucasus, an intermediate position between European (Balkan and Iberian) and North Asian (Mongolian) lineages. Our findings also demonstrate extremely low mitochondrial diversity and suggest no population expansion. Despite the low genetic diversity found in this study, other mtDNA gene regions and other nuclear markers should be evaluated together with the current results, before any kind of conservation action plan of this species is applied.
Biomass estimation of individual trees for coppice-originated oak forests
(Springer, 2019) Özdemir, Emrah; Makineci, Ender; Yılmaz, Ersel; Kumbaşlı, Meriç; Calışkan, Servet; Beşkardeş, Vedat; Keten, Akif
In this study, individual tree-biomass equations are developed for the different biomass components (foliage, branch, bark, stem, and total aboveground biomass) of Quercus frainetto Ten., Quercus cerris L., and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. species, which are the main oak species in coppice-originated oak forests. This research was conducted in northern Turkish Thrace, an important coppice-oak area. A total of 474 oak trees at different development stages over different sites were destructively sampled to obtain biomass models of the major oak species in the region. Two main biomass models are established to estimate the biomass components: according to the diameter at breast height (DBH) alone and according to the d(2)h variable, which is the combined DBH and tree height. The goodness-of-fit statistics of the models are calculated to compare these models. The models that use the DBH alone as an independent variable explain 68-95% of the variation in the biomass of the tree components. After adding the tree height to the model, the accuracy for the bark-, stem-, and total aboveground-biomass estimates increased, while the accuracy of the foliage- and branch-biomass estimates decreased. Different oak species have different biomass components depending on their development stages. The amount of biomass components in the total aboveground biomass and foliage decreased from 20% (SDF) to 4% (LDF), the amount of bark decreased from 17% (SDF) to 12% (LDF), and the amount of stems increased from 42% (SDF) to 66% (LDF) when increasing the mean DBH of the sample plots.
Genetic diversity is retained in a bottlenecked Cinereous Vulture population in Turkey
(Wiley, 2019) Çakmak, Emel; Pekşen, Çiğdem Akın; Kirazlı, Cihangir; Yamaç, Elif; Bensch, Staffan; Bilgin, Cemal Can
Vulture populations worldwide have suffered precipitous declines in recent decades. The Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus, a highly philopatric scavenger distributed across southern Europe and the central Asian plateau, is threatened in many parts of its range. Turkey holds the second largest population of this species in the Western Palaearctic, but there has been no research on its genetic structure and the possible implications of this structure for the future of the species. Here we report nuclear diversity and relatedness determined by short tandem repeat genotyping of 81 individuals from the four largest colonies. Our results demonstrated no significant genetic structuring, suggesting a single panmictic metapopulation connected by frequent dispersal. Furthermore, we show that the study population has retained moderate levels of genetic diversity, despite passing through a recent demographic bottleneck. We estimated the effective population size to be 112 individuals (95% confidence interval 74-201). Our results imply that the observed lack of increase in population size since the 1990s has not been caused by lowered fitness due to genetic inbreeding but rather by increased mortality via demographic processes. In the short term, we suggest that conservation efforts should treat the Turkish subpopulations as a single management unit and aim to increase population size through effective protection, especially during the breeding season.
Occurrence of plant parasitic nematode species in important crops in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey
(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2018) Kasapoğlu, Ece Börteçine Uludamar; Yıldız, Şenol; İmren, Mustafa; Öcal, Atilla; Elekcioğlu, İbrahim Halil
The Southeast Anatolia Region is one of the major agricultural production areas of Turkey where durum wheat, barley, vegetables and some fruit crops are grown. This study aimed to determine the important plant parasitic nematode species affecting the most commonly cultivated plants in this region. Soil samples were collected in the wheat growing areas of Sanliurfa, Mardin, Sirnak, Kilis Provinces between May and June in 2011-2012, and pistachio, barley, grapevine, wheat, tomato, watermelon, melon, cotton and tobacco fields of Adiyaman in May, July, October in 2010-2011. The study also reviewed the list of nematode species previously identified in the region. Aphelenchus avenae Bastian 1965, Anguina tritici (Steinbuch) Filipjev, Merlinius brevidens (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970, Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924) Filipjev & Schururmans Stekhoven 1941, P. thornei Sher & Allen, 1953, Paratrophurus acristylus Siddiqi et Siddiqui, 1983 and Pratylenchoides alkani Yuksel, 1977 were the most common species found. This study reports Ditylenchus longicauda Geraert & Chi, 1988, Rotylenchus echelimae Scotto La Massese & Germani, 2000, Filenchus hamatus (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Raski & Geraert, 1987, Helicotylenchus crassatus Anderson, 1973, Helicotylenchus goodi Tikyani et al., 1969, and Helicotylenchus oleae Inserra, Vovlas & Golden, 1979 for the first time in Turkey.
First record of hylastes opacus erichson and crypturgus hispidulus thomson, c. g. (coleoptera; curculionidae; scolytinae) for the Turkish fauna
(Corvinus Univ Budapest, 2018) Kumbaşlı, Meriç; Hızal, Erdem; Acer, Sabiha; Arslangündoğdu, Zeynel; Kaya, Ayşe Gülden Aday
Scolytinae subfamily (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is represented by 135 species in Turkey including 8 species of the genus Hylastes Ericson and 7 species of the genus Crypturgus Ericson. A total of 79 adult individuals of Hylastes opacus Erichson and 6 adult individuals of Crypturgus hispidulus Thomson, C. G. were obtained from log and pheromone traps in pine stands at twelve localities during 2014. H. opacus and C. hispidulus were recorded for the first time in Turkey. H. opacus were obtained from trap logs of Pinus brutia and Pinus nigra and also pheromone traps in P. brutia stands. Adult individuals of C. hispidulus were observed in association with Orthotomicus erosus and Pityogenes pennidens on P. brutia and P. nigra log traps.
Bird composition and diversity in oak stands under variable coppice management in northwestern Turkey
(Sisef-Soc Italiana Selvicoltura Ecol Forestale, 2018) Beşkardeş, Vedat; Keten, Akif; Kumbaşlı, Meriç; Pekin, Burak; Yılmaz, Ersel; Makineci, Ender; Ozdemir, Emrah
Coppice management results in profound differences in forest structure and composition, which in turn can modify habitat value for bird species. We measured bird species richness and composition at 50 sample plots in pure oak forest stands in northwestern Turkey, which differed in age, cover and height in association with coppice management. We recorded a total of 38 bird species and 699 individuals across all stands. Regression-based multimodel inference showed that structural features of forest stands strongly affect bird diversity and abundance. While canopy cover and tree height affect bird diversity positively, elevation of sampling plots, tree density and tree diameter at breast height (DBH) had a negative effect. In addition, constrained ordination analyses revealed that canopy cover was the most important factor influencing bird species composition. Forest stands that have 42-85% canopy cover, i.e., a few (2009-2580 oak trees) large tall (13.36-15.78 m) trees, were the most preferred habitat by bird species. However, we also found that different bird species favor different stand structural features. Thus, variation in stand structure from maintaining some coppice management across the landscape may be beneficial for rare or endangered species and result in greater landscape level biodiversity.
Assessment of the natural presence of entomopathogenic nematodes in Kayseri soils, Turkey
(Springer, 2017) Canhilal, Ramazan; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Koca, Abdurrahman Sami; Deniz, Yunus; İmren, Mustafa
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have lots of ideal attributes as biological control agents, such as a wide host range, rapid host mortality, ease of commercial production in vivo or in vitro, active host-seeking ability, long-term efficacy, easy application, compatible with many chemical pesticides and environmental safety. In the present study, 61 EPNs isolates from 174 soil samples were collected for the districts of Kayseri Province and from 5 different habitats (Forest, pasture, field crops, vegetable, and fruit orchards). The positive soil samples ratio was (35.1%). Forty-seven of isolates were Steinernema with the ratio of (27%). Prevalence of Heterorhabditis was (8%) (14 isolates). Nematodes were identified by morphometric and molecular methods. Forty-one of these isolates, were identified as Steinernema feltiae. Two isolates were S. carpocapsae, one was S. bicornutum, 6 were unknown Steinernema spp., and 14 were Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Of these nematodes, S. bicornutum was a first record in Turkey. The soil textures of the EPN positive soils were loam, sandy loam, loamy sand and sandy clay loam with weakly basic (pH 7.57-7.91) and 1.15-3.06% organic content. The electrical conductivity of the nematode positive soils varied from 0.19 to 0.79 (none saline) dS/m.
The relationship between parental defense intensity and nest site characteristics in Eurasian magpie (Pica pica L.) - an assessment with the classification methods
(Corvinus Univ Budapest, 2017) Kirazlı, Cihangir; Kılınç, Betül Kan; Yamaç, Elif
Nest defense behavior varies among species and depends on different factors. However little is known of the influence of urbanization and nest characteristics on the nest defense intensity as parental investment of the bird species. We observe the Eurasian magpie Pica pica nests to evaluate their nest defense behavior among those factors including urbanization degree of habitat, and nest characteristics such as nest volume, presence/absence of roof, offspring size and the number of offspring reduction for each breeding stages (incubation, early brooding and post brooding stage). To investigate the relationship between the nest defense behavior of Eurasian magpie and a set of those factors we used classification trees, binary logistic regression and random forest. According to our results nest defense strategies can be temporally changed primarily according to the nest volume with the auxiliary agents mostly a reduction of offspring number, which indicates parental capacities and offspring conditions could shape strongly their own nest defense strategies. Besides, we recommend classification trees, binary logistic regression and random forest modeling approaches to be considered individually or together for predictive mapping for ecosystem scientists.
Effects of parent material, stand type and oak species on defoliation of coppice-originated oak (Quercus spp.) forests in Northern Turkish Thrace
(Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias Forestales, 2017) Kumbaşlı, Meriç; Makineci, Ender; Keten, Akif; Beşkardeş, Vedat; Özdemir, Emrah
Cases of significant defoliation in oak (Quercus spp.) forests have been reported in Turkey and throughout the world. Oak trees are important in Turkish forests and forestry and cover vast pieces of land in Thrace. In this study, in a quest to determine the general health condition of pure oak forests in Northern Turkish Thrace, the defoliation rate of tree crowns was evaluated for 8,769 trees in 336 sample plots corresponding to different geological parent materials, regions, oak species and stand types. The defoliation rates were designated and assessed based on the criteria of the European Union Forest Health Monitoring Program (UNECE-ICP Forests). The defoliation rate was, to a significant extent, affected by stand type, the geological parent material, and oak species. In general, 47 % of trees exhibited defoliation. The highest ratio of defoliation was found in Kirklareli Region, where water deficit was the highest, and the parent material was schist-calcschist. Medium diameter forests (MDF, mean dbh: 8-20 cm, ratio of defoliated trees = 65 %) among stand types, and sessile oaks (ratio of defoliated trees = 53 %) among oak species, had the highest defoliation rates. Achieved results demonstrated that the defoliation classes in observed oak stands have a significant relation with variables concerning stand types, oak species and geological parent materials.
Genetic variation and population dynamics of the cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi in wheat areas of Bolu, Turkey
(Springer, 2017) İmren, Mustafa; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Koca, Abdurrahman Sami; Duman, Nagihan; Yıldız, Şenol
The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stelter, was detected in Turkey in 1996 and since then it has been increasingly reported to cause losses in wheat yields. Cereal cyst nematode populations have a wide genetic diversity which makes it difficult to be managed. The objectives of this research were to investigate the genetic variation of 23 cyst nematode populations collected from wheat growing areas of Bolu Province, utilising sequenced ITS-rDNA regions, and monitoring main nematode isolate population dynamics in field conditions. The results of ribosomal DNA sequencing revealed that all cyst populations were H. filipjevi and that little genetic variation was present among populations. The highest number of second-stage juveniles was observed between April and beginning of May in a field experiment; white females were visible on the roots in late May. The hatching process was positively correlated with low temperatures, but there were inverse correlations between reproductive factors and initial nematode population densities.
Abundance of Apodemus spp. varies by stand age in coppice-originated oak forest, Thrace, Turkey
(Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias Forestales, 2016) Keten, Akif; Beşkardeş, Vedat; Makineci, Ender; Kumbaşlı, Meriç; Anderson, James T.
Recently, oak (Quercus spp.) management strategies in Turkey have transitioned from predominantly coppice-regeneration to seed regeneration. However, impacts of this change on the small mammal community is unknown. To address this issue we evaluated abundance of Apodemus spp. (Rodentia, Muridae) in relation to stand age and forest characteristics in the northern Thrace, Turkey. We sampled 43 plots using box-style live traps. A total of 75 individuals (0.125 +/- 0.013 mice/trap nights) was captured. Apodemus flavicollis (n = 69) was the most abundant, although A. agrarius (1) and A. sylvaticus (4) also occurred. Apodemus spp. abundance was superior in older than in younger stands (P = 0.038). The number of specimens was positively related to diameter at breast height (DBH) (y = 0.18 + 0.015x, R-2 = 0.21) and forest floor mass (y = 0.005 + 0.00005x, R-2 = 0.22). Increasing the amount of forest floor mass and mast production will benefit the population of Apodemus spp. Abandonment of the coppice management on oak forests in Thrace may positively affect the local abundance of Apodemus spp., particularly A. flavicollis.
The impact of some spatial factors on disturbance and reaction distances on nest occupation by the near threatened Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus)
(Univ Oradea Publ House, 2016) Kirazlı, Cihangir
Scavenging has been threatened with the declines of vultures. The Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus is predicted to be decline with mainly anthropogenic activities in Turkey, having the second largest population of the species in Europe. Earlier studies urgently recommended constituting a buffer zone in a spatial and temporal context for breeding areas of the species. For an effective buffer zone, land managers mostly used both the empirically revealed flight and stress distances between human activity and breeding individuals. Furthermore, various spatial and temporal factors could influence the disturbance level and reaction distances to human activity. Furthermore, reaction distances could affect the nesting strategies of the species as a disturbance indicator. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to determine the reaction distances as well as the significant spatial factors that influence those distances and to demonstrate the relationship between reaction distances and nest occupation. The study was carried out with the population of Cinereous Vultures in the Middle Sakarya Region in Northwest of Turkey. Based on 61 field observations, the average flight distance was 281.35 m, and stress distance was 467.53 m. The results also indicated that highly accessible and visible slopes located opposite the nest and concentrated in and/or around pathways/roads influenced the reaction distances of the breeding individuals significantly. Moreover, the reaction distances and roads are the primary factors for the decision of nest occupation in the study area. According to the study, 1084 m could be used as a radius for the inner buffer zone and the buffer zone was estimated as 369 ha. If it is not acceptable for economic reasons, at least 870 m should be used as a radius for the critical buffer zone. In conclusion, this study supports that the sensitivity of the Cinereous Vulture increases with the increase in accessibility/visibility of nest sites and those sensitivity levels may have affected the nest occupation of the species.
Comparison of different vegetation measurement methods for determination of range land conditions
(Range Management Soc India, 2016) Çaçan, Erdal; Kökten, Kağan; Yıldız, Şenol
The study was carried out to determine range condition by identifying plant species and comparing different measurement methods in the experimental field of Bingol University for two years. Vegetation measurement, plant coverage area, botanic composition and quality degree were estimated by using transect, loop and point frame methods. Plant covered area was determined as 85.2% by point frame method, 91.2% by loop method and 83.1% by transect method. In respect of botanical composition; grasses, legumes and other family plants were found to be 69.8%, 19.8% and 10.4% by point frame method; 67.1%, 21.5% and 11.4%; by loop method and 59.5%, 32.3% and 8.2% by transect method, respectively. Quality degrees was found as 3.85 by transect method; 3.02 by loop method and 3.07 by point frame method and the range was ranked as 'poor range' by each of the three methods used. Consequently, of the methods used, the point frame method and loop method were found producing similar results.
Distribution of constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Turkey
(Firenze Univ Press, 2015) Baydemir, Nursel Aşan; Demirbaş, Yasin; Gözütok, Serdar; Karöz, Ayşe Merve
C- and Ag-NOR banding of the least weasel, Mustela nivalis, from the central and Mediterranean regions of Turkey was examined for the first time in this study. The chromosome set was composed of 18 biarmed and three acrocentric autosome pairs. The X chromosome was a medium-sized submetacentric, while the Y was a small metacentric. A distinct secondary constriction was observed on the juxta centromeric region of the long arm of an autosome that was negatively C-banded. Large heterochromatic C-blocks, stained densely, were detected in six biarmed pairs, while ones stained faintly were recorded in four biarmed autosome pairs. Active NORs were located in the secondary constriction of the acrocentric autosome. The numbers of C-banded autosomes of Turkish specimens were similar to those reported previously from the Palearctic region.
Relationships between bark beetle diversity and habitat characteristics in pine forests of South Marmara, Turkey
(Corvinus University of Budapest, 2021) Acer, Sabiha; Arslangündoğdu, Zeynel; Hızal, Erdem; Kumbaşlı, Meriç
The bark beetles are of particular importance in the evolution and biodiversity of forest stands. To contribute to the knowledge on the biodiversity and ecology of bark beetles on pine species, we performed this research in South Marmara, Turkey. During 2014, Scolytinae species were obtained from baiting logs, which were 1.5 m long, and 0.2 m in diameter located at 8 sites in total in the research area. In total, 1100 individuals were collected representing 6 tribes, 11 genera, and 24 species. Orthotomicus erosus was the most abundant species and occurred in all areas. Our study demonstrated that black pine is associated with high diversity of beetles while brutian pine is correlated with high abundance of Scolytinae. In addition, stone pine has lowest diversity and abundance of bark beetles. Pinus brutia, which showed strong correlation with temperature, had relationship with O. erosus and P. pennidens. Pinus nigra showed a strong correlation with altitude, additionally it had relationship with I. sexdentatus. Our results indicate that these abiotic factors affect the composition and the number of bark beetles.
Muş ilindeki bazı meraların Nematod fauna yapısının incelenmesi
(2017) Yıldız, Şenol; Koç, İbrahim; Yardım, Erdal Necip
Çalışma Muş ilinde bazı meralarda nematod fauna yapısını incelemek üzere 2015 yılında yürütülmüştür. Muş-Bingöl karayolu üzerinde bulunan meralardan her 5 km'de bir durularak toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Toprak örneklerinden nematodların elde edilmesi için Petri kabı yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada nematod faunasına ilişkin 27 cins ve bir tür tespit edilmiş olup, bunlardan 8 cins bitki paraziti, 9 cins bakterivor, 4 cins fungivor, 1 cins predatör ve 5 cins omnivor gruba ait nematodlardan oluşmaktadır. Bitki paraziti nematodlardan Helicotylenchus, Tylenchus, Pratylenchus ve Merlinius cinsleri; bakterivorlardan Acrobeloides, Cephalobus ve Monhystera; fungivorlardan Ditylenchus, Tylencholaimus ve Aphelenchus; predatörlerden sadece Mononchus; omnivorlardan ise Prodorylaimus ve Aporcelaimellus cinslerinin ön planda olduğu belirlenmiştir. Trofik gruplardan bitki paraziti nematodların faunadaki oranı %32, bakterivorların %33, fungivorların %32, predatör ve omnivorların oranı ise %29 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Trofik grupların dağılımının birbirine yakın değerler aldığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, çalışma alanındaki bitki paraziti nematodların çeşitlilik ve yoğunluklarının yüksek olmadığı ve serbest yaşayan nematodların ise orta seviyede bir yapıya sahip oldukları söylenebilir
In Vitro Şartlarında Küf Etmenlerine Karşı Tavuk Gübresinden Elde Edilmiş Odun Sirkesinin Antifungal Etkisi
(2017) Koç, İbrahim; Yardım, Erdal Necip; Yıldız, Şenol
Bu çalışma, Broyler tavuk yetiştiriciliği atığından elde edilen odun sirkesi’nin, Aspergillus niger ve Penicillium digitatum mikrofungusları üzerinde antifungal etkisini saptamak amacıyla in vitro şartlarında yürütülmüştür. %1, %3, %5, %7 ve %10 mL'lik konsantrasyonlarında odun sirkesi içeren PDA besiyerlerine, patojen kültürlerin 5 mm çapında miselyum diskleri ekilmiş ve 24±1 oC’de 7 gün inkübasyona bırakılmıştır. Uygulama, Tesadüf Parselleri Deneme Desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. İnkübasyon süresi sonunda, fungusların koloni çapları ölçülmüş ve kontrole göre odun sirkesinin % engelleme oranları hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan uygulamada, Tür x İlaç dozu interaksiyonunun (P=0.000) ve aynı doz odun sirkesinde, A. niger ile P. digitatum’un misel gelişimleri arasındaki farkların önemli olduğu (P?0.05) ve %10 mL’lik doz uygulamasının P. digitatum’a karşı fungisidal etki gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; odun sirkesinin, A. niger ve P. digitatum’un misel gelişimlerini engellediği tespit edilmiş olup, hastalık etmenlerine karşı denenmesinin faydalı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

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