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Öğe Catalytic combustion performances, kinetics, reaction mechanisms and gas emissions of Lentinus edodes(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Zou, Huihuang; Li, Weixin; Liu, Jingyong; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, FatihThis study aimed to quantify the catalytic effects of CaO, Fe2O3, and their blend on the Lentinus edodes stipe (LES) and pileus (LEP) combustion performances, kinetics and emissions in bioenergy generation. Apparent activation energy (E-a) of LES and LEP increased with CaO, decreased with Fe2O3 and differed with their blend. The catalysts mainly affected the maximum intensity of volatiles combustion and partly the fixed carbon combustion. CaO, Fe2O3, and their blend decreased the release intensity of NO(x )from the LES combustion. Fe2O3 increased SO2 emission, while CaO, and the blend narrowed the emission temperature to the range of 200 to 450 degrees C. Kinetic triplets were estimated via the integral master-plots methods, and the best-fit reaction for the three sub-stages were obtained coupled with the model-free models. Our study provides a reference for the catalyzed biomass combustion in terms of pollution control, bioenergy generation, optimal design of incinerator, and industrial-scale application.Öğe Combustion behaviors of pileus and stipe parts of Lentinus edodes using thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses: Thermal conversion, kinetic, thermodynamic, gas emission and optimization analyses(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Zou, Huihuang; Evrendilek, Fatih; Liu, Jingyong; Büyükada, MusaThe combustion behaviors of both Lentinula edodes pileus (LEP) and stipe (LES) were characterized in response to four heating rates in the air atmosphere using thermogravimetric (TG)-mass spectrometry and TG-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. There were two and three main peaks of the derivative TG curves for LEP and LES, respectively, with their main combustion stage occurring between 130 and 620 degrees C. Four iso-conversional models were compared to estimate activation energy values of their combustions. The main emission peaks of most gases ranged from 200 to 350 degrees C and from 500 to 600 degrees C for LEP and LES. Their comprehensive combustion parameters at 20 K/min (1.53 and 2.40 x 10(-6) %(2)/(min(2).K-3) for LEP and LES, respectively) as well as joint optimizations confirmed their great potential for bioenergy generation. The waste stream of LEP and LES could be well disposed through their combustions with a low level of air pollution.Öğe Comparative (co-)pyrolytic performances and by-products of textile dyeing sludge and cattle manure: Deeper insights from Py-GC/MS, TG-FTIR, 2D-COS and PCA analyses(Elsevier, 2021) Zhang, Junhui; Zou, Huihuang; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Xie, Wuming; He, Yao; Büyükada, MusaNot only does pyrolysis recover energy and value-added by-products but also reduces waste stream volume. The low volatiles and high ash contents of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) limit its mono-pyrolysis performance. This study aimed to conduct an in-depth analysis of its co-pyrolytic performance with cattle manure (CM). The co-pyrolysis enhanced the volatiles emission from the early devolatilization stage whose reaction mechanism shifted from a diffusion model to a reaction-order model. The further cracking of macromolecular materials was mainly elucidated by the reaction-order model. The temperature dependency of the co-pyrolytic gases was of the following order: aliphatic hydrocarbons > CO2 > alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. The main co-pyrolytic volatile products were coumaran and 4-vinylguaiacol. The relative content of guaiacol-type components could be enhanced by co-pyrolysis and lowering the operational temperature to 450 degrees C. The interaction of co-pyrolysis enriched the char aromaticity. Our findings provide practical insights into the control and application opportunities and limitations on the high value-added energy and products from the co pyrolysis of TDS and CM.Öğe Efficiency, by-product valorization, and pollution control of co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge and waste solid adsorbents: Their atmosphere, temperature, and blend ratio dependencies(Elseiver, 2022) Zou, Huihuang; Huang, Shengzheng; Ren, Mingzhong; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Xie, WumingThis study aimed to quantify the co-pyrolytic synergistic effects of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and waste biochar (WBC) for an optimal utilization of secondary resources and to mitigate environmental pollution and waste volume. TDS and WBC had a strong synergistic effect between 800 and 900 degrees C in the CO2-assisted atmosphere. With the increased TDS fraction, NH3 emission fell significantly regardless of the atmosphere type. The CO2 atmosphere changed Sin TDS char and released SO2 in the range of 800-1000 degrees C. With the temperature rise, an unstable N structure turned into a more stable heterocyclic N structure in the CO2 and N-2 atmospheres. Regardless of the atmosphere type and temperature, the C-containing functional groups in co-pyrolytic biochar existed mainly as C-C/C-H. In the CO2 atmosphere, inorganic S, aliphatic S, and thiophene S in the co-pyrolytic biochar disappeared and became more stable sulfones. The co-pyrolysis inhibited the formation of S-containing compounds. The retention ability of the copyrolytic biochar peaked for most of the heavy metals in the N-2 atmosphere but was better for Pb and Zn in the CO2 than N-2 atmosphere. Simultaneous optimization showed the co-pyrolysis of 10% TDS and 90% WBC at above 950 degrees C in the N-2-CO2 or CO2 atmosphere as the optimal operational settings combined.Öğe Evaluation of reaction mechanisms and emissions of oily sludge and coal co-combustions in O-2/CO2 and O-2/N-2 atmospheres(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2021) Zou, Huihuang; Liu, Chao; Evrendilek, Fatih; He, Yao; Liu, JingyongOxy-fuel combustion technology presents promising potential for the thermal disposal of hazardous waste to alleviate the global greenhouse effect on the environment and human well-being. In this study, the co-combustion reaction mechanisms and cleaner and efficient performances of oily sludge (OS) and coal in the oxy-fuel (O-2/CO2) and air (O-2/N-2) atmospheres were characterized. With O-2 concentration of 21% and at 20 degrees C/min, the ignition and burnout temperatures of the OS combustion were slightly worse in the oxy-fuel (403 and 531 degrees C) than air (407 and 535 degrees C) atmosphere. The rising O-2 concentration increased the comprehensive combustion characteristic index from 1.11 x 10(-7) to 4.29 x 10(-7) in the air atmosphere and 1.02 x 10(-7) to 4.10 x 10(-7) in the oxy-fuel atmosphere. Based on the master-plots method, the three combustion stages of light oil, heavy oil, and fixed carbon were best described by the three-dimensional diffusion, interfacial reaction, and random nucleation growth models, respectively. The reaction mechanisms were independent of heating rate, O-2 concentration, and atmosphere type. The co-combustion interaction between 70% OS and 30% coal reduced NO and SO2 emissions. Our findings can provide new insights into achieving their cleaner and more efficient co-combustion performance and its operational optimization. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Pyrolytic behaviors, kinetics, decomposition mechanisms, product distributions and joint optimization of Lentinus edodes stipe(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Zou, Huihuang; Zhang, Junhui; Liu, Jingyong; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih; Liang, GuanjieThe pyrolytic behaviors, kinetics, decomposition mechanisms and product distributions and joint optimization of Lentinus edodes stipe (LES) were quantified. Its main pyrolysis stages (the decomposition of hemicellulose) occurred between 200 and 400 degrees C. Random nucleation and nuclei growth (A(0.91)), and orders of reaction (F-1.6 and F-2.1) best explained the three sub-stages of the LES pyrolysis mechanism, respectively. The gas emissions were in good agreement with pyrolysis behavior. The main distributions of the pyrolytic products were classified into the 12 types of acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, phenols, glucopyranoside, aliphatic hydrocarbons, furans, aromatic hydrocarbons, N-heterocyclic substances, and N-containing substances. Cellobiose was found as pyrolytic product during 400 and 600 degrees C. For economic and practical reasons, the target functions of the four responses for the LES pyrolysis were jointly best optimized combining the temperature of 550 degrees C and the heating rate of 12.5 degrees C/min. This study offers theoretical and practical insights into the pyrolysis performance and products of LES or similar second-generation feedstocks in a thermal reactor.Öğe Thermal degradations and processes of waste tea and tea leaves via TG-FTIR: combustion performances, kinetics, thermodynamics, products and optimization(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Cai, Haiming; Zou, Huihuang; Liu, Jingyong; Xie, Wuming; Kuo, Jiahong; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, FatihThe present study characterized the kinetic, thermodynamic and performance parameters, products, factorial interactions, and optimal conditions of combustions of waste tea (WT) and tea leaves (TL) in N-2/O-2 and CO2/O-2 atmospheres through a thermogravimetric/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR). The main combustion occurred in the range of 200-600 degrees C. The increased heating rate increased all the combustion parameters regardless of the fuel and atmosphere type. Activation energy was shown different change tendency with the increasing conversion (alpha). CO2, H2O, CH4, CO, C=O, NH3, and HCN were the main gas products of WT and TL combustions. A three-way interaction among fuel type, atmosphere type and heating rate was found to be significant. The joint optimization of mass loss, derivative TG, and differential scanning calorimetry was achieved using 1049.3 degrees C, TL, 40 degrees C/min, and CO2/O-2 atmosphere for the operational settings of temperature, fuel type, heating rate, and atmosphere type, respectively.
