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Öğe First report of dactylonectria torresensis causing black root rot of strawberries in Kyrgyzstan(Springer, 2020) Erper, İsmail; Özer, Göksel; Alkan, Mehtap; Zholdoshbekova, Sezim; Türkkan, MuharremKyrgyzstan produces 2331 tons of strawberries annually at 427 ha (FAOSTAT 2020). In June 2019, strawberry plants showed some aboveground symptoms including stunting, lack of vigor, smaller fruit size, and leaf chlorosis with the incidence of 5% in the fields in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (Latitude: 42°83′44“N, Longitude: 74°57’42”E). The root systems of plants were smaller than healthy ones, and their feeder and main roots were mostly destroyed and showed sunken and necrotic black lesions.Öğe First report of dry rot of potato caused by Fusarium sambucinum in Kyrgyzstan(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Erper, İsmail; Alkan, Mehtap; Zholdoshbekova, Sezim; Türkkan, Muharrem; Yıldırım, Elif; Özer, GökselIn October 2020, the presence of an intense Fusarium dry rot disease was detected during a survey of potato tubers in the production storage facilities in Chui region, Kyrgyzstan. The species of Fusarium isolates, obtained from infected tubers, were identified as Fusarium sambucinum by using morphological features and phylogenetic analyses of the transcription elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-alpha) gene. The isolates were pathogenic to potato tubers, and Koch's postulates were confirmed by successful re-isolation of the pathogen. To our knowledge, this is the first report of dry rot of potato caused by Fusarium sambucinum in Kyrgyzstan.Öğe First report of garden cucumber root rot caused by Globisporangium ultimum var. ultimum in Kyrgyzstan(Springer, 2020) Erper, İsmail; Özer, Göksel; Zholdoshbekova, Sezim; Türkkan, MuharremGarden cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has been commonly cultivated in a wide area in Kyrgyzstan. In 2019, wilting and yellowing symptoms were observed on cucumber plants in three fields planted in Lenin district, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, with a general incidence of 6%. Diseased plants showing root rot symptoms were subjected to pathogen isolation. Infected tissues were superficially disinfected in 1% NaOCl for 1 min and placed to Petri dishes containing water agar (agar 15 g/l) amended with 0.1 g/l streptomycin sulfate.Öğe First report of Penicillium expansum causing postharvest fruit rot on pear in Kyrgyzstan(Springer, 2023) Erper, İsmail; Zholdoshbekova, Sezim; Alkan, Mehtap; Türkkan, Muharrem; Özer, GökselIn April 2022, symptoms of blue mould were observed on about 3% of pear (Pyrus communis L.) fruits at commercial markets in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Fruits exhibited circular, light brown, watery lesions in several parts of the skin with masses of blue-green sporulation. Fungal isolations from ten fruits were performed on potato dextrose agar (PDA).Öğe First report of postharvest fruit rot caused by Penicillium expansum on apple in Kyrgyzstan(Springer, 2024) Zholdoshbekova, Sezim; Ozer, Goeksel; Turkkan, Muharrem; Erper, IsmailÖğe First report of rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HG-III causing root rot of pepper in Kyrgyzstan(Springer, 2020) Erper, İsmail; Özer, Göksel; Zholdoshbekova, Sezim; Yıldırım, Elif; Türkkan, MuharremPepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the important vegetable species grown in Kyrgyzstan. In 2019, approximately 4% of mature pepper plants showed root rot symptoms in three fields located in Bishkek city.Öğe First report of root rot on strawberry caused by binucleate Rhizoctonia AG?G and AG?K in Kyrgyzstan(Springer, 2022) Erper, İsmail; Özer, Göksel; Yıldırım, Elif; Zholdoshbekova, Sezim; Türkkan, MuharremDuring the summer 2020, a disease was observed on strawberries [Fragaria×ananassa Duch., cultivar Senga Sengana] in four felds located in Chui Region, the northernmost region of Kyrgyzstan. Disease incidence was up to 10%. Diseased plants, exhibiting varying degrees of stunting, poor growth, black necrosis in basal petioles, and brown to dark brown discoloration or necrotic areas of crown and root tissue were picked from the feld to isolate fungi associated with symptoms.Öğe Fungal pathogens associated with crown and root rot in wheat-growing areas of Northern Kyrgyzstan(MDPI, 2023) Özer, Göksel; Erper, İsmail; Yıldız, Şenol; Bozoğlu, Tuğba; Zholdoshbekova, Sezim; Alkan, Mehtap; Tekin, FatihFungal species associated with crown and root rot diseases in wheat have been extensively studied in many parts of the world. However, no reports on the relative importance and distribution of pathogens associated with wheat crown and root rot in Kyrgyzstan have been published. Hence, fungal species associated with wheat crown/root rot were surveyed in three main wheat production regions in northern Kyrgyzstan. Fungal species were isolated on 1/5 strength potato-dextrose agar amended with streptomycin (0.1 g/L) and chloramphenicol (0.05 g/L). A total of 598 fungal isolates from symptomatic tissues were identified using morphological features of the cultures and conidia, as well as sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1), and the RNA polymerase II beta subunit (RPB2) genes. The percentage of fields from which each fungus was isolated and their relative percentage isolation levels were determined. Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of common root rot, was the most prevalent pathogenic species isolated, being isolated from 86.67% of the fields surveyed at a frequency of isolation of 40.64%. Fusarium spp. accounted for 53.01% of all isolates and consisted of 12 different species. The most common Fusarium species identified was Fusarium acuminatum, which was isolated from 70% of the sites surveyed with an isolation frequency of 21.57%, followed by Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium nygamai, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium equiseti, all of which had a field incidence of more than 23%. Inoculation tests with 44 isolates representing 17 species on the susceptible Triticum aestivum cv. Seri 82 revealed that Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum isolates were equally the most virulent pathogens. The widespread distribution of moderately virulent B. sorokiniana appears to be a serious threat to wheat culture, limiting yield and quality. With the exception of F. culmorum, the remaining Fusarium species did not pose a significant threat to wheat production in the surveyed areas because common species, such as F. acuminatum, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum, and F. equiseti, were non-pathogenic but infrequent species, such as Fusarium redolens, Fusarium algeriense, and F. pseudograminearum, were highly or moderately virulent. Curvularia inaequalis, which was found in three different fields, was mildly virulent. The remaining Fusarium species, Fusarium solani, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium burgessii, and Fusarium tricinctum, as well as Microdochium bolleyi, Microdochium nivale, and Macrophomina phaseolina, were non-pathogenic and considered to be secondary colonizers. The implications of these findings are discussed.Öğe Neoscytalidium dimidiatum: A newly identified postharvest pathogen of pears and its implications for pome fruits(Wiley, 2024) Dervis, Sibel; Zholdoshbekova, Sezim; Guney, Inci Guler; Ozer, GokselT & uuml;rkiye is a prominent contributor to pear and diverse pome fruit production. Pear fruit with unusual brown to black spots and rot symptoms observed in public marketplaces in Mardin province have raised concerns regarding postharvest fruit health. The consistent isolation of a fungus from these fruits revealed morphological features indicative of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. Phylogenetic confirmation of its identity ensued through BLASTn searches targeting, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA, the partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1), and the partial beta-tubulin gene (tub2). Pathogenicity evaluations were conducted on common pome fruits, namely pears, apples, and quinces, unveiling the susceptibility of all examined fruits to postharvest infection by this emergent pathogen. Furthermore, an investigation was carried out to discern the pathogen's response to varying temperature ranges on pear fruits, revealing that the most pronounced lesions occurred at 30 degrees C, followed by 25 degrees C, 35 degrees C, and 20 degrees C. Conversely, no lesion development was observed at 10 degrees C, 15 degrees C, or 40 degrees C. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report of N. dimidiatum as the etiological agent responsible for postharvest rot in pear fruit. The implications of these findings highlight the potential threat posed by this pathogen to pome fruits postharvest, especially in regions where cold storage facilities are not widely utilized, warranting increased vigilance and preventive measures.
