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    Erdosteine reduces cytotoxicity induced by alpha- and beta-amanitin, but not gamma-amanitin, in CA3 hepatocyte cultures
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Bayram, Recep; Yilmaz, Ismail; Yaykasli, Kursat Oguz; Kaya, Ertugrul
    Amanitin poisoning still has no particular, effective antidote. Erdosteine has been shown to protect numerous tissues, particularly those in the liver. This study investigates the potential therapeutic effects of erdosteine on alpha-, beta-and gamma-amanitin-induced hepatotoxicity in in vitro models. Three hours after administering amatoxins at various concentrations (1-50 mu g/mL) to the cells of the C3A human hepatocyte cell line, erdosteine was administered in different concentrations (i.e., 1, 10, 50, 100 and 250 mu g/mL). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was selected to determine cell viability. When concentrations of 1, 10, 50, 100 and 250 mu g/mL of erdosteine were applied to cell lines, the following cell viability rates were obtained: 106%,99%,93%,86% and 86%, respectively, at a 10 mu g/mL alpha-amanitin-induced toxicity; 43%,41%,41%,37% and 35%, respectively, at a 25 mu g/mL alpha-amanitin-induced toxicity; 44%,42%,41%,39% and 41%, respectively, at a 50 mu g/mL alpha-amanitin-induced toxicity; 136%,142%,143%,137% and 120%, respectively, at a 10 mu g/mL beta-amanitin-induced toxicity; 113%,107%,107%,106% and 86%, respectively, at a 25 mu g/mL beta-amanitin-induced toxicity; 78%,77%,77%,74% and 70%, respectively, at a 10 mu g/mL gammaamanitin-induced toxicity; and 39%,40%,39%,35% and 31%, respectively, at a 25 mu g/mL gamma-amanitininduced toxicity. This study was the first to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of erdosteine in cytotoxicity induced by alpha-, beta-and gamma-amanitin. Non-high (low and medium) doses of erdosteine are capable of nearly entirely preventing toxicity at mild hepatotoxic concentrations caused by amatoxin and partially preventing toxicity at moderate and severe concentrations. The beneficial effects of erdosteine, especially on the toxicity of alpha-and beta-amanitin, are promising.
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    The measurement of alpha amanitin levels using hplc method in Amanita phalloides from Düzce province
    (Duzce University Medical School, 2012) Kaya, Ertu?rul; Karahan, Selim; Hanci, Mustafa; Yaykaşli, Kürşat O?uz; Saritaş, Ayhan; Bayram, Recep; Yilmaz, Ismail
    Aim: The aim of this study is to measure the level of alpha amanitin toxin using HPLC method from Amanita phalloides mushroom collected in the province of Düzce in 2010. Method: One of the mushrooms as a whole body. The other one was extracted after seperated into parts. The measurement was done by HPLC using 303 nm UV wavelength and 250x4,6 mm C18 5 ?m particle included column. Ammonium acetate+methanol+acetonitrile (80+10+10, v/v/v) was used as a mobile phase, and the flow rate was set 1 ml/min. The results were given as a toxin quantity in 1 g dry mushroom. Results: The amount of alpha amanitin was measured as 4,806 mg (±0,033) in the whole body, 3,522 mg (±0,024) in the cap, 5,318 mg (±0,056) in the lamellar, 0,903 mg (±0,004) in the ring, 2,577 mg (±0,037) in the stipe, 0,698 mg (±0,008) in the volva. Conclusion: The level of alpha amanitin in Amanita phalloides from Duzce Province is differ from different countries. Higher and lower levels of toxin than our data obtained investigations are present in the literature. The reason of this differences might be several factors like extraction methods, analysis methods and environmental conditions. © 2012 Düzce Medical Journal.