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Öğe Exploring Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Turkish Black Sea Region Maize (Zea mays L.) Germplasm using SSR Markers(2022) Baran, Nurettin; Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Yilmaz, Abdurrahim; Andirman, Mehtap; Kurt, Fırat; Temiz, M. Gültekin; Baloch, Faheem ShehzadPlant landraces are heterogeneous plant populations that have adapted to local environmental conditions and serve as a source of genetic variations that can be used for the breeding perspectives. Studies regarding genetic diversity assessment are very important as they provide an opportunity for the scientific community to investigate novel genetic variations for the genetic improvement of crops. Maize is one of the most important cereal crops and provides daily calories to millions of people all over the world. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 32 local maize genotypes collected from the Black Sea Region of Turkey using SSR markers. Molecular characterization was performed using the 14 most polymorphic primers that yielded a total of 42 bands. An average of 3 alleles per SSR primer was detected, and the number of alleles varied from 1 (phi022) to 6 (umc1571). The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering divided maize accessions into three main populations. According to Nei's genetic distances, DZ-M-145 (Corum) and DZ-M-20 (Trabzon) genotypes were the closest (0.03) genetically related populations, while DZ-M-68 (Artvin) and DZ-M-55 (Rize) were the most genetically distant (0.63) populations. The study identified molecular genetic diversity not mentioned for maize plants from the Black Sea. On this occasion, new opportunities have been created for hybrid maize products.Öğe Genomics, phenomics, and next breeding tools for genetic improvement of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)(Springer International Publishing, 2021) Yilmaz, Abdurrahim; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Ali, Fawad; Barut, Muzaffer; Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Yilmaz, Hilal; Naeem, MuhammadSafflower is one of the most important oilseed crops with high-quality seed oil. It can be grown especially in the arid and semiarid regions in the world. The main reason why safflower is not widely cultivated is because of its low yield. Various breeding efforts have made a significant contribution to the improvement of safflower; however, it seems necessary to exploit the potentiality of this underutilized plant. The development of new and improved safflower varieties will improve the sustainability of this crop to different environmental conditions. Classic breeding efforts made great efforts in safflower breeding; however, these techniques have been slow to develop complex traits such as yield, oil yield, some quality traits, and biotic-abiotic stress resistance. Recent advancements in molecular markers and genome sequencing technologies enhanced the breeding activities and aided the scientific community to understand and comprehensively explore the genetic diversity and population structure of safflower. Phenotypic and molecular characterization helped the construction of genetic linkage maps, leading to a better understanding of complex quantitative characters for safflower varieties. The present chapter articulates different aspects of safflower including phenomics, chemical content, origin-diffusion, similarity centers, wild relatives, genetic resources, trades, and comprehensive advancement in safflower breeding in terms of classical breeding, tissue culture, QTL mapping, association mapping, transgenic breeding, genome editing, and speed breeding. This information will lead to more short-term solutions in breeding safflower crop and will provide more practical information for breeders in the near future. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.Öğe Soya (Glycine max L.)’da PGPR ve AMF Uygulamalarının Verim Özellikleri ve Protein İçeriğine Etkisi(2022) Yilmaz, Abdurrahim; Yilmaz, Hilal; Soydemir, Hakkı Ekrem; Çiftçi, VahdettinSoya (Glycine max L.), yüksek protein ve yağ oranı ile oldukça değerli bir yağ bitkisi olup ülkemizde yağ açığının kapatılmasında önemli bir potansiyele sahiptir. İnsanların lipit metabolizmasını düzenleyen yağ asitlerini ve Omega-3 olarak bilinen linoleik yağ asidini içermesi, bu bitkiyi insan ve hayvan beslenmesinde ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Soya bitkisinin verim özellikleri ve protein içeriğinin AMF ve PGPR uygulamaları ile araştırıldığı bu çalışma 2020 yılında Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Özbostancı Araştırma ve Deneme alanında yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulan araştırmada bitki boyu (cm), bakla sayısı (adet bitki-1), ilk bakla yüksekliği (cm), bitkide tohum verimi (g bitki-1), verim (kg da-1) ve protein içeriği (%) değerleri araştırılmıştır. Uygulamaların tüm verim parametrelerinde kontrolden üstün değerler sağladığı görülmüştür. Özellikle dekara verimde AMF uygulamasının diğer uygulamalardan da istatistiki olarak daha yüksek ortalama değer (433.0 kg da-1) verdiği dikkat çekmektedir. Protein içeriğinde ise PGPR+AMF kombine uygulamasının en yüksek ortalamaya sahip olduğu ancak bu sonucun diğer uygulamalara kıyasla istatistiki olarak bir fark oluşturmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarından elde edilen bilgiler, soya bitkisinin verim ve protein içeriğini araştıran müteşebbislere faydalı bilgiler sağlayacaktır.Öğe Vermicompost Enhances Saline Tolerance in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)(2023) Yilmaz, AbdurrahimPeanut is an oilseed legume plant with multi-purpose uses that contains many bioactive components, including polyphenols, phenolics, and flavonoids. It is one of the main foodstuffs, both in meeting protein deficiencies and in meeting high energy needs. This study investigated the effects of vermicompost fertilizer application on chlorophyll content and yield parameters of peanuts grown under saline stress in climate room conditions. Root weight, root length, stem weight, stem length, leaf weight, leaf number, and chlorophyll content values were determined in the first developmental period of the plant in the experiment, which was established with three replications according to the randomized plots experimental design. As a result of the study, statistical differences were determined between control and vermicompost treatments under high saline stress conditions (300 mM). The results obtained from the vermicompost treatment, especially in stem and root weights, prove this treatment's usefulness. The principal component analysis (PCA) clustered all parameters according to applications. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships, especially for vermicompost treatment. It is thought that the information obtained from the experimental results will be helpful to entrepreneurs investigating the saline stress resistance of peanuts.
