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Öğe First report of exserohilum pedicellatum causing root rot of wheat in Azerbaijan(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2019) Özer, Göksel; Göre, Mehmet Erhan; Alkan, Mehtap; Yaman, Tolga; Dababat, Abdelfattah AmerWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown crop in Azerbaijan, covering about 590,000 ha of total cultivation area. In June 2017, a survey was conducted to determine root pathogens of the main wheat growing regions in Azerbaijan. Symptomatic plants exhibiting root rot and dark brown root lesions were obtained from 76 different fields, and the roots of the samples were excised and labeled. The roots were washed under running tap water for 5 min, and 5-cm lengths were cut from the roots.Öğe Patates yapraklarında Phytophthora infestans'ın oospor üretimi(Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, 2019) Yaman, Tolga; Göre, Mehmet ErhanPhytophthora infestans'ın neden olduğu geç yanıklık hastalığı patatesin en önemli ve yıkıcı hastalıklarından birisidir. Önemli patates üretim alanlarından biri olan Bolu ilinde yürütülen bu çalışmada, patojenin oospor oluşturma potansiyeli farklı koşullarda incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla sörvey programı kapsamında yer alan üretim alanlarından 46 P. infestans izolatı elde edilmiştir. Her iki eşleşme tipi moleküler yöntemlerle S1-a/S1-b ile W16-1/W16-2 primer seti kullanılarak ve sonrasında W16 amplifikasyon ürününün HaeIII enzimiyle kesilmesi sonrasında belirlenmiştir. Analizler tüm izolatların A2 eşleşme tipinde olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. İzolatların fenotipik karakterlerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan parametrelerden biri olan metalaxyl'e duyarlılık testleri; 19 izolatın preparata karşı orta dayanıklı, 27 izolatın ise dayanıklı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. In-vitro ve yarı-in-vivo koşullarda izolatların oospor oluşturma yetenekleri metalaxyl uygulanmış ve uygulanmamış Pea agar ortamlarında ve 6-8 haftalık bitkilerin yapraklarından alınan disklerde test edilmiştir. Bunun yanında patojenin tarla koşullarında hastalıklı yaprak kalıntılarında ve bulaşık yumrularda oospor oluşturabilme yetenekleri de araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları patojenin in-vitro ve yarı-in-vivo koşullarda rahatlıkla oospor oluşturabildiğini, ancak tarla koşullarında oospor oluşturamadığını göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak çalışma, hastalık yönetim stratejileri içerisinde metalaxyl'den başka etkili maddeye sahip fungisitlere ve karışımlarına yer verilmesini önemli bulmuş ve patojenin Bolu şartlarında eşeyli üreme yeteneğinin bulunmadığını ortaya koymuştur.Öğe Severe outbreaks of phytophthora infestans on potato in Turkey caused by recent changes in the pathogen population structure(Springer, 2019) Göre, Mehmet Erhan; Altın, Nedim; Yaman, Tolga; Myers, Kevin; Çağlı, Abdurrahman; Alkan, Mehtap; Kabakcı, Hüseyin; Özer, GökselPotato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, has been the most damaging disease in Turkey since 2010. In this study, 127 isolates of P. infestans were obtained from the main growing areas of Turkey between 2015 and 2017. Their phenotypic and genotypic features were revealed and presented with those of reference isolates. These isolates were categorized by their mating type, in vitro mefenoxam sensitivity, mtDNA haplotype, RG57 DNA fingerprinting patterns, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and aggressiveness on a set of potato differential lines. All isolates were of the A2 mating type and mtDNA haplotype Ia, were resistant to mefenoxam, and had RG57 and SSR fingerprints similar to the 13_A2 clonal lineage reported in Europe. This is the first report of 13_A2 in Turkey. Virulence abilities against potato resistance (R) genes R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R10, and R11 were observed in most of the isolates. The mating type ratios and SSR marker analysis indicate that in Turkey, the sexual reproduction of P. infestans is limited. These results underline that the movement of asexual individuals and the generation of sub-clonal difference are the factors driving the population structure of P. infestans in Turkey.Öğe Vegetative compatibility groups in Colletotrichum coccodes from Turkey and their aggressiveness to potato(Wiley, 2018) Özer, Göksel; Bayraktar, Harun; Tsror, Lahkim; Yaman, Tolga; Kabakcı, HüseyinBlack dot, caused by Colletotrichum coccodes, is a common disease of potato in Turkey, affecting tuber quality and yield. The objectives of the current study were to characterize vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of C.coccodes isolates from three regions in Turkey, and to assess the correlation between VCGs and aggressiveness of isolates on potato. A total of 147 C.coccodes isolates were recovered from plants showing typical black dot symptoms on stolons, roots and stems. The frequency of nitrate non-utilizing (nit) nit1/nit3 and NitM phenotypes were 79% and 21%, respectively. Complementation between nit mutants of the isolates and eight European/Israeli EU/I-VCG tester isolates was used to characterize the VCGs. Amongst the tested isolates, 33.3% were assigned to EU/I-VCG6, 21.8% to EU/I-VCG8, 15.7% to EU/I-VCG4. EU/I-VCG1, EU/I-VCG3, EU/I-VCG5 and EU/I-VCG7 were classified at 1.4%, 3.4%, 4.8% and 5.4%, frequency, respectively. No isolate was assigned to EU/I-VCG2 group, while 21 isolates (14.3%) were not assigned to any of the EU/I-VCGs. The pathogenicity tests indicated significant differences in aggressiveness of the isolates with respect to sclerotia density on potato tissues. The highest densities of sclerotia on roots and crown were obtained with EU/I-VCG6 isolates and the lowest with EU/I-VCG1, EU/I-VCG3 and EU/I-VCG5 isolates. The results demonstrate that there is significant VCG diversity among C.coccodes isolates from potato plants in Turkey.