Yazar "Xie, Wuming" seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 32
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe Arsenic partitioning behavior during sludge co-combustion: Thermodynamic equilibrium simulation(Springer, 2019) Liu, Jingyong; Xie, Candie; Xie, Wuming; Zhang, Xiaochun; Chang, KenLin; Büyükada, Musa; Kuo, Jiahong; Evrendilek, FatihUsing the computation method of thermodynamic equilibrium, effects of sewage sludge (SS) co-combustion conditions and interactions with Fe2O3, SiO2, CaO and Al2O3 on migration and transformation of arsenic (As) were simulated in oxy-fuel (CO2/O-2) and air (N-2/O-2) atmospheres. Arsenic mainly existed as As(s), As-4(g), As2O5(s), As4O6(g) and AsO(g) and volatilized more easily in reducing than oxidizing atmosphere. Increased O-2 concentration slowed down the formation rate of AsO(g), thus reducing the volatilization rate of As. With the increased pressure, the conversion rate of As2O5(s) into As4O6(g) accelerated. In the multi-chemical system of SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO, As reacted with CaO and Al2O3 to form AlAsO4(s) and Ca-3(AsO4)(2)(s) which inhibited As volatilization. SiO2 prevented As from reacting with CaO to generate Ca-3(AsO4)(2)(s). Fe2O3 affected reactions between Al2O3(CaO) and As which inhibited As volatilization. In the whole SS co-combustion system, As reacted with O-2 but had a weak affinity with Cl and with no arsenic chlorides observed.Öğe Ash-to-emission pollution controls on co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge and waste tea(Elseiver, 2021) Cai, Haiming; Liu, Jingyong; Kuo, Jiahong; Xie, Wuming; Evrendilek, Fatih; Zhang, GangGiven the globally increased waste stream of textile dyeing sludge (TDS), its co-combustion with agricultural residues appears as an environmentally and economically viable solution in a circular economy. This study aimed to quantify the migrations and chemical speciations of heavy metals in the bottom ashes and gas emissions of the co-combustion of TDS and waste tea (WT). The addition of WT increased the fixation rate of As from 66.70 to 83.33% and promoted the chemical speciation of As and Cd from the acid extractable state to the residue one. With the temperature rise to 1000 degrees C, the fixation rates of As, Cd, and Pb in the bottom ashes fell to 27.73, 8.38, and 15.40%, respectively. The chemical speciation perniciousness of Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb declined with the increased temperature. The ash composition changed with the new appearances of NaAlSi3O8, CaFe2O4, NaFe(SO4)(2), and MgCrO4 at 1000 degrees C. The addition of WT increased CO2 and NOx but decreased SO2 emissions in the range of 680-1000 degrees C. ANN-based joint optimization indicated that the co-combustion emitted SO2 slightly less than did the TDS combustion. These results contribute to a better understanding of ash-to-emission pollution control for the co-combustion of TDS and WT. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Bioenergy and emission characterizations of catalytic combustion and pyrolysis of litchi peels via TG-FTIR-MS and Py-GC/MS(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Liu, Chao; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Xie, Wuming; Kuo, Jiahong; Büyükada, MusaThis study characterized the catalytic combustions and emissions of litchi peels as a function of five catalysts as well as the effect of the best catalyst on the pyrolysis by-products. Na2CO3 and K2CO3 accelerated the devolatilization but delayed the coke burnout, while Al2O3 enhanced the coke oxidation rate. Both comprehensive combustion index and average activation energy dropped with the added catalysts. CO2, CO, and H2O were the main combustion gases between 300 and 510 degrees C. CO2, C-H, C=O, and C-O were generated from the pyrolysis between 200 and 430 degrees C above which CO2 and CH4 were slightly released. Total H2O, CO2, CO, NOx and SOx emissions declined with the added catalysts among which K2CO3 performed better. The main pyrolytic by-products at 330 degrees C were terpenoids and steroids (71.87%), phenols (15.51%), aliphates (9.95%), and small molecules (2.78%). At 500 degrees C, terpenoids and steroids (78.35%), and small molecules (3.20%) rose, whereas phenols (12.87%), and aliphates (5.83%) fell. Fatty acid, and ester decreased, while terpenoids, and steroids increased with MgCO3 at 330 degrees C. Litchi peels appeared to be a promising biowaste, with MgCO3 as the optimal catalytic option in terms of the bioenergy performance, and emission reduction. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Characterizing and optimizing (co-) pyrolysis as a function of different feedstocks, atmospheres, blend ratios, and heating rates(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Liu, Jingyong; Huang, Limao; Xie, Wuming; Kuo, Jiahong; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih(Co-) pyrolysis behaviors were quantified using TG and Py-GC/MS analyses as a function of the two fuels of sewage sludge (SS) and water hyacinth (WH), five atmospheres, six blend ratios, and three heating rates. Copyrolysis performance, gaseous characterizations and optimization analyses were conducted. Relative to N-2 atmosphere, co-pyrolysis was inhibited at low temperatures in CO2 atmosphere, while the CO2 atmosphere at high temperatures promoted the vaporization of coke. The main (co-) pyrolysis products of SS and WH were benzene and its derivatives, as well as alkenes and heterocyclic compounds. Average apparent activation energy decreased gradually with the increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and was highest (377.5 kJ/mol) in N-2 atmosphere and lowest (184.7 kJ/mol) in CO2 atmosphere. Significant interaction effects on the mean responses of mass loss, derivative TG, and differential scanning calorimetry were found for fuel type by heating rate and atmosphere type by heating rate.Öğe (Co-)combustion behaviors and products of spent potlining and textile dyeing sludge(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Sun, Guang; Zhang, Gang; Liu, Jingyong; Xie, Wuming; Evrendilek, Fatih; Büyükada, MusaCo-combustion performances, ashes, gases and thermodynamics were quantified for spent potlining (SPL) and textile dyeing sludge (TDS) (with)out CaO. During the four decomposition stages of the blends according to the (D)TG experiments, the interaction among Na, Ca, F, Al, and S led to CaAl2O4, CaF2, and Na2SO4 which converted inorganic compounds into ash. Increased comprehensive combustion index, and decreased burnout temperature with 50% SPL indicated a better combustion and char burnout, and a shorter combustion process. CaO reduced the F volatilization and increased F- in the residual ash with 10% CaO. NaF was completely converted into CaF2 reducing the toxicity of soluble F- in the residual ash. The predom diagram of Na-Ca-F-S using thermal simulations showed the stable existence regions of CaF2 and Na2SO4. The changed migration mechanisms of F- and S caused ash compositions to consist of Na2SO4 and CaF2 for the co-combustions, and of NaF and CaSO4 for the mono-combustions. 10% CaO promoted CaF2, Na2SO4, CaAl2O4, and to a lesser extent, Fe2O3. The main gases evolved from the co-combustion included HF, SO2, COS, CS2, HCN, NH3, NO, and NO2. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Co-circularity of spent coffee grounds and polyethylene via co-pyrolysis: Characteristics, kinetics, and products(Elsevier, 2023) Fu, Jiawei; Wu, Xijian; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Chen, Tao; Xie, Wuming; Xu, Weijie; He, YaoSpent coffee grounds (CG) and polyethylene (PE) are the two typical types of major solid wastes. Their co-pyrolysis may be leveraged to reduce their waste streams and pollution and valorize energy and by-products. In this study, their co-pyrolysis performances, interaction effects, kinetics, and products were characterized in response to the varying temperature and blend ratio. The co-pyrolysis exhibited the two main stages of (1) the degradation of CG (180-380 degrees C) and (2) the depolymerization of PE and the decomposition of lignin (380-550 degrees C). The pyrolysis performance rose from 1.34x10(-4)%(3)center dot min(-2)center dot degrees C-3 with the mono-pyrolysis of CG to 26.32x10(-4)%(3)center dot min(-2)center dot degrees C-3 with the co-pyrolysis of 10 % CG and 90 % PE. The co-pyrolysis of 70 % CG and 30 % PE (CP73) achieved a lower activation energy than did the mono-pyrolysis of the two fuels. The products of the CG pyrolysis included a large number of alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters, and other oxygen-containing compounds, with a proportion as high as 65.01 %. The products of CP73 at 550 degrees C resulted in the yields of hydrocarbons and alcohols up to 93.61 %, beneficial to the further utilization of the co-pyrolytic products. Not only did the co-pyrolysis valorize its products, but also it enhanced their co-circularity. Artificial neural network-based joint optimization showed CP73 in the range of 517-1000 degrees C as the best combination of the conditions. The study provides new insights into the co-pyrolytic disposal of spent coffee grounds and polyethylene so as to improve the waste stream reduction and the valorization of energy and products.Öğe Co-combustion of sewage sludge and coffee grounds under increased O-2/CO2 atmospheres: Thermodynamic characteristics, kinetics and artificial neural network modeling(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Chen, Jiacong; Xie, Candie; Liu, Jingyong; He, Yao; Xie, Wuming; Zhang, Xiaochun; Chang, Kenlin; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih(Co-)combustion characteristics of sewage sludge (SS), coffee grounds (CG) and their blends were quantified under increased O-2/CO2 atmosphere (21, 30, 40 and 60%) using a thermogravimetric analysis. Observed percentages of CG mass loss and its maximum were higher than those of SS. Under the same atmospheric O-2 concentration, both higher ignition and lower burnout temperatures occurred with the increased CG content. Results showed that ignition temperature and comprehensive combustion index for the blend of 60% SS-40% CG increased, whereas burnout temperature and co-combustion time decreased with the increased O-2 concentration. Artificial neural network was applied to predict mass loss percent as a function of gas mixing ratio, heating rate, and temperature, with a good agreement between the experimental and ANN-predicted values. Activation energy in response to the increased O-2 concentration was found to increase from 218.91 to 347.32 kJ.mol(-1) and from 218.34 to 340.08 kJ.mol(-1) according to the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods, respectively.Öğe Co-combustion thermal conversion characteristics of textile dyeing sludge and pomelo peel using TGA and artificial neural networks(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Xie, Candie; Liu, Jingyong; Zhang, Xiaochun; Xie, Wuming; Sun, Jian; Chang, Kenlin; Kuo, Jiahong; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, FatihCo-combustion characteristics of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and pomelo peel (PP) under O-2/N-2 and O-2/CO2 atmospheres were investigated using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and artificial neural networks. 30% O-2/70% CO2 and air atmospheres led to a similar co-combustion performance. Increases in O-2 concentration and PP significantly improved the oxy-fuel co-combustion performance of TDS. Principal component analysis was applied to reduce the dimensionality of differential TGA curves and to identify the principal reactions. The interaction between TDS and PP occurred mainly at 490-600 degrees C, thus improving the process of residue co combustion. Radial basis function was found to have more reliable and robust predictions of TGA under different O-2/CO2 atmospheres than did Bayesian regularized network. Regardless of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods used, the lowest mean value of apparent activation energy (155.4 kJ.mol(-1) by FWO and 153.2 kJ.mol(-1) by KAS) was obtained under the 30% O-2/70% CO2 atmosphere.Öğe Co-combustion, life-cycle circularity, and artificial intelligence-based multi-objective optimization of two plastics and textile dyeing sludge(ELSEVIER, 2022) Ding, Ziyi; Chen, Zihong; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; He, Yao; Xie, WumingGiven the globally abundant availability of waste plastics and the negative environmental impacts of textile dyeing sludge (TDS), their co-combustion can effectively enhance the circular economies, energy recovery, and environmental pollution control. The (co-)combustion performances, gas emissions, and ashes of TDS and two plastics of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) were quantified and characterized. The increased blend ratio of PP and PE improved the ignition, burnout, and comprehensive combustion indices. The two plastics interacted with TDS significantly in the range of 200-600 degrees C. TDS pre-ignited the combustion of the plastics which in turn promoted the combustion of TDS. The co-combustions released more CO2 but less CH4, C-H, and C--O as CO2 was less persistent than the others in the atmosphere. The Ca-based minerals in the plastics enhanced S-fixation and reduced SO2 emission. The activation energy of the co-combustion fell from 126.78 to 111.85 kJ/mol and 133.71-79.91 kJ/mol when the PE and PP additions rose from 10% to 50%, respectively. The co-combustion reaction mechanism was best described by the model of f(alpha) = (1-alpha)n. The reaction order was reduced with the additions of the plastics. The co-combustion operation interactions were optimized via an artificial neural network so as to jointly meet the multiple objectives of maximum energy production and minimum emissions.Öğe Co-pyrolytic kinetic and interaction mechanisms and products of pineapple rind and low density polyethylene(Elseiver, 2023) Li, Huashan; Lyu, XianJin; Xie, Wuming; Ding, Ziyi; Liu, Yong; Evrendilek, FatihThe complementariness of biomass residues and plastic waste may be leveraged into fuels and other chemicals via co-pyrolysis in order to decrease our dependence on fossil fuels and increase the circularity of waste streams. The co-pyrolysis of pineapple rind (PR) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) was conducted to characterize its kinetic and interaction mechanisms and products. The co-pyrolysis was best elucidated by three stages where synergistic (facilitative) and antagonistic (inhibitory) effects dominated at below and above 495 degrees C, respectively. The activation energy requirement was lower for the co-pyrolysis than the individual PR or LDPE. The lowest copyrolysis activation energy (129.17 kJ/mol) occurred with the addition of 50% LDPE. F1, F1, F2, and R2 mechanisms best described the co-pyrolytic kinetics of the blend sample with 50% LDPE at four temperatures. The co-pyrolysis inhibited the production of CO2 and promoted the formation of CH4. The production of acids, aldehydes, and ketones fell significantly during the co-pyrolysis. The variation of these compounds improved the quality of pyrolytic oils. The multi-objective optimization based on the best-fit artificial neural network pointed to the range of 550-800 degrees C and 10 degrees C/min for the co-pyrolysis of 50% LDPE and 50% PR as the optimal operational conditions. This study provided new and actionable insights into the optimization of the co-pyrolysis of fruit residues and plastic polymers.Öğe Co-pyrolytic mechanisms, kinetics, emissions and products of biomass and sewage sludge in N-2, CO2 and mixed atmospheres(Elsevier Science Sa, 2020) Chen, Jiacong; Zhang, Junhui; Liu, Jingyong; He, Yao; Evrendilek, Fatih; Büyükada, Musa; Xie, WumingThe co-pyrolysis technology of the second-generation feedstocks has both engineering and environmental advantages towards resource recovery, waste stream reduction, and energy generation. However, there exists a large knowledge gap about the co-pyrolytic mechanisms, kinetics, emissions and products of biomass wastes. This study aimed to quantify the co-pyrolytic interactions between the five (N-2, CO2, and three mixed) atmospheres and the two feedstocks of sewage sludge (SS) and coffee grounds (CG) as well as their emissions and products. Thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses were combined. An eight-parallel distributed activation energy model was adopted to elucidate the dynamic reaction mechanisms in the co-pyrolytic atmospheres. The co-pyrolytic interaction changed the maximum weight loss rate of the first peak by -2.5 to 38.6% and -1.9 to 36.9% in the N-2 and CO2 atmospheres, respectively. The mass loss rate peak in the first stage was higher in the N-2 than CO2 and mixed atmospheres, while the peak temperature of the maximum mass loss rate in the second stage declined with the elevated CO2 concentration. The replacement of N-2 with the different CO2 concentrations significantly increased the activation energies of the 5th and 7th pseudo-components. The temperature dependency of evolved gases was of the following order: ethers/esters -> acids/ketones/aldehydes/CO2 -> hydrocarbons in the N-2 atmosphere, and acids/ketones/aldehydes -> esters/ethers -> hydrocarbons in the CO2 atmosphere. The co-pyrolysis improved the yields of the hydrocarbon and phenol-type compounds and reduced the formations of the acid and nitrogenous compounds. Our results yielded valuable insights into a cleaner co-pyrolysis process.Öğe Combustion behaviors of spent mushroom substrate using TG-MS and TG-FTIR: thermal conversion, kinetic, thermodynamic and emission analyses(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Huang, Jianli; Liu, Jingyong; Chen, Jiacong; Xie, Wuming; Kuo, Jiahong; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, FatihThe present study systematically investigated the combustion characteristics of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) using TG-MS (thermogravimetric/mass spectrometry) and TG-FTIR (thermogravimetric/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry) under five heating rates. The physicochemical characteristics and combustion index pointed to SMS as a promising biofuel for power generation. The high correlation coefficient of the fitting plots and similar activation energy calculated by various methods indicated that four suitable iso-conversional methods were used. The activation energy varied from 130.06 to 192.95 kJ/mol with a mean value of 171.49 kJ/ mol using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and decreased with the increased conversion degree. The most common emissions peaked at the range of 200-400 degrees C corresponding to volatile combustion stage, except for CO2, NO2 and NO. The peak CO2 emission occurred at 439.11 degrees C mainly due to the combustion of fixed carbon.Öğe Comparative (co-)pyrolytic performances and by-products of textile dyeing sludge and cattle manure: Deeper insights from Py-GC/MS, TG-FTIR, 2D-COS and PCA analyses(Elsevier, 2021) Zhang, Junhui; Zou, Huihuang; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Xie, Wuming; He, Yao; Büyükada, MusaNot only does pyrolysis recover energy and value-added by-products but also reduces waste stream volume. The low volatiles and high ash contents of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) limit its mono-pyrolysis performance. This study aimed to conduct an in-depth analysis of its co-pyrolytic performance with cattle manure (CM). The co-pyrolysis enhanced the volatiles emission from the early devolatilization stage whose reaction mechanism shifted from a diffusion model to a reaction-order model. The further cracking of macromolecular materials was mainly elucidated by the reaction-order model. The temperature dependency of the co-pyrolytic gases was of the following order: aliphatic hydrocarbons > CO2 > alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. The main co-pyrolytic volatile products were coumaran and 4-vinylguaiacol. The relative content of guaiacol-type components could be enhanced by co-pyrolysis and lowering the operational temperature to 450 degrees C. The interaction of co-pyrolysis enriched the char aromaticity. Our findings provide practical insights into the control and application opportunities and limitations on the high value-added energy and products from the co pyrolysis of TDS and CM.Öğe Comparative thermogravimetric analyses of co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge and sugarcane bagasse in carbon dioxide/oxygen and nitrogen/oxygen atmospheres: Thermal conversion characteristics, kinetics, and thermodynamics(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Xie, Wenhao; Wen, Shaoting; Liu, Jingyong; Xie, Wuming; Kuo, Jiahong; Lu, Xingwen; Sun, Shuiyu; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, FatihThermodynamic and kinetic parameters of co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) were studied using thermogravimetric analysis in CO2/O-2 and N-2/O-2 atmospheres. Our results showed that the comprehensive combustion characteristic index (CCI) of the blends was improved by 1.71-4.32 times. With the increased O-2 concentration, co-combustion peak temperature decreased from 329.7 to 318.2 degrees C, with an increase in its maximum weight loss rate from 10.04 to 14.99%/min and its CCI by 1.31 times (beta = 20 degrees C.min(-1)). To evaluate the co-combustion characteristics, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters (entropy, Gibbs free energy and enthalpy changes, and apparent activation energy) were obtained in the five atmospheres. The lowest apparent activation energy of the TB64 blend was obtained in oxy-fuel atmosphere (CO2/O-2 = 7/3).Öğe Coupled mechanisms of reaction kinetics, gas emissions, and ash mineral transformations during combustion of AlCl3-conditioned textile dyeing sludge(Elsevier, 2021) Zhang, Junhui; Chen, Jiacong; Liu, Jingyong; Xie, Wuming; Evrendilek, Fatih; Li, WeixinThough commonly used in the dewatering of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) before its incineration, chemical conditioning has yet to be evaluated in terms of its impact on the reaction mechanisms, emissions, and ash minerals. This study combined experiments and equilibrium simulations to disentangle the interaction mechanism among the combustion behaviors, gas emissions, ash minerals of TDS conditioned with(out) three blend ratios of the AlCl3 conditioner. The use of the AlCl3 conditioner slightly improved the performance of the combustion stage of volatiles and chars. No significant effect of AlCl3 conditioner was detected on the kinetic mechanism of its main combustion stage best elucidated by the nth-order and diffusion models. SO2 was the main evolved gas whose reduction between 600 and 800 degrees C was attributed to its increased retention rate by CaO from the decomposition of CaCO3. Aluminum compounds acted as a stimulator in SO2 emission between 800 and 1000 degrees C since the formation of calcium aluminosilicates. At above 1060 degrees C, CaSO4 decomposed rapidly, thus almost completely releasing inorganic S. This study supplies new insights into pollution 'controls on the combustion of TDS conditioned with Al salt coagulant.Öğe Dynamic pyrolysis behaviors, products, and mechanisms of waste rubber and polyurethane bicycle tires(Elsevier, 2021) Tang, Xiaojie; Chen, Zihong; Liu, Jingyong; Chen, Zhiyun; Xie, Wuming; Evrendilek, Fatih; Büyükada, MusaGiven their non-biodegradable, space-consuming, and environmentally more benign nature, waste bicycle tires may be pyrolyzed for cleaner energies relative to the waste truck, car, and motorcycle tires. This study combined thermogravimetry (TG), TG-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), and pyrolysis-gas chromato-graphy/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses to dynamically characterize the pyrolysis behavior, gaseous products, and reaction mechanisms of both waste rubber (RT) and polyurethane tires (PUT) of bicycles. The main devolatilization process included the decompositions of the natural, styrene-butadiene, and butadiene rubbers for RT and of urethane groups in the hard segments, polyols in the soft segments, and regenerated isocyanates for PUT. The main TG-FTIR-detected functional groups included C-H, C=C, C=O, and C-O for both waste tires, and also, N-H and C-O-C for the PUT pyrolysis. The main Py-GC/MS-detected pyrolysis products in the decreasing order were isoprene and D-limonene for RT and 4, 4 '-diaminodiphenylmethane and 2-hexene for PUT. The kinetic, thermodynamic, and comprehensive pyrolysis index data verified the easier decomposition of PUT than RT. The pyrolysis mechanism models for three sub-stages of the main devolatilization process were best described by two-dimensional diffusion and two second-order models for RT, and the three consecutive reaction-order (three-halves order, first-order, and second-order) models for PUT.Öğe Efficiency, by-product valorization, and pollution control of co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge and waste solid adsorbents: Their atmosphere, temperature, and blend ratio dependencies(Elseiver, 2022) Zou, Huihuang; Huang, Shengzheng; Ren, Mingzhong; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Xie, WumingThis study aimed to quantify the co-pyrolytic synergistic effects of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and waste biochar (WBC) for an optimal utilization of secondary resources and to mitigate environmental pollution and waste volume. TDS and WBC had a strong synergistic effect between 800 and 900 degrees C in the CO2-assisted atmosphere. With the increased TDS fraction, NH3 emission fell significantly regardless of the atmosphere type. The CO2 atmosphere changed Sin TDS char and released SO2 in the range of 800-1000 degrees C. With the temperature rise, an unstable N structure turned into a more stable heterocyclic N structure in the CO2 and N-2 atmospheres. Regardless of the atmosphere type and temperature, the C-containing functional groups in co-pyrolytic biochar existed mainly as C-C/C-H. In the CO2 atmosphere, inorganic S, aliphatic S, and thiophene S in the co-pyrolytic biochar disappeared and became more stable sulfones. The co-pyrolysis inhibited the formation of S-containing compounds. The retention ability of the copyrolytic biochar peaked for most of the heavy metals in the N-2 atmosphere but was better for Pb and Zn in the CO2 than N-2 atmosphere. Simultaneous optimization showed the co-pyrolysis of 10% TDS and 90% WBC at above 950 degrees C in the N-2-CO2 or CO2 atmosphere as the optimal operational settings combined.Öğe Emission-to-ash detoxification mechanisms of co-combustion of spent pot lining and pulverized coal(Elsevier, 2021) Chen, Zihong; Liu, Jingyong; Chen, Laiguo; Evrendilek, Fatih; Xie, Wuming; Wu, XieyuanIn response to the global initiative for greenhouse gas emission reduction, the co-combustion of coal and spent pot lining (SPL) may cost-effectively minimize waste streams and environmental risks. This study aimed to quantify the emission-to-ash detoxification mechanisms of the co-combustion of SPL and pulverized coal (PC) and their kinetics, gas emission, fluorine-leaching toxicity, mineral phases, and migrations. The main reaction covered the ranges of 335-540 ?C and 540-870 ?C while the interactions occurred at 360-780 ?C. The apparent activation energy minimized (66.99 kJ/mol) with 90% PC addition. The rising PC fraction weakened the peak intensity of NaF and strengthened that of Ca2F, NaAlSiO4, and NaAlSi2O6. The addition of PC enhanced the combustion efficiency of SPL and raised the melting temperature by capturing Na. PC exhibited a positive effect on solidifying water-soluble fluorine and stabilizing alkali and alkaline earth metals. The leaching fluorine concentrations of the co-combustion ashes were lower than did SPL mono-combustion. The main gases emitted were HF, NH3, NOx, CO, and CO2. HF was largely released at above 800 ?C. Multivariate Gaussian process modelbased optimization of the operational conditions also verified the gas emissions results. Our study synchronizes the utilization and detoxification of SPL though co-combustion and provides insights into an eco-friendlier lifecycle control on the waste-to-energy conversion.Öğe Interaction effects of chlorine and phosphorus on thermochemical behaviors of heavy metals during incineration of sulfur-rich textile dyeing sludge(Elsevier Science Sa, 2018) Liu, Jingyong; Zhuo, Zhongxu; Xie, Wuming; Kuo, Jiahong; Lu, Xingwen; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, FatihSulfur (S)-rich textile dyeing sludge (TDSS) with different chlorine (Cl) and phosphorus (P) contents was incinerated at 900 degrees C to determine interaction effects of Cl and P on the distributions and transformations of the seven heavy metals (Ni, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Cd). The volatilizations of the heavy metals were adversely affected by the P addition. The Cl addition in low concentrations offset the negative effects of P on the Ni, Cr and Mn volatilizations. An interaction effect between Cl and P was found on the Pb and Cd volatilizations. Up to certain Cl and P concentrations, their synergistic effect restrained the Ni, Cu, Mn and Cr volatilizations but promoted the Zn volatilization. The addition of Cl/P in different ratios changed the distributions of Cu, Mn, Pb, and Cd. The addition of over 1% NH4Cl and NH4H2PO4 together decreased the residual fractions mainly transformed into oxidizable forms (6.5-19.7%) which in turn raised their potential toxicity and bioavailability. With the decreased Cl and S contents of the bottom ash, the volatilization rate of Cl was higher than that of S. The NH4H2PO4 addition increased the Ca content on the surface but decreased the Cl and S contents. S emissions were mainly in the forms of SO2, SO3, COS, CS2, and H2SO4, with Cl emission in the form of HCl. The increased P content was correlated with the Cl volatilization positively and the S volatilization negatively. The increased P content decreased the S volatilization by 11.2-17.0% with the addition of up to 1% Cl.Öğe Kinetics, thermodynamics, gas evolution and empirical optimization of (co-) combustion performances of spent mushroom substrate and textile dyeing sludge(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Huang, Jianli; Liu, Jingyong; Kuo, Jiahong; Xie, Wuming; Zhang, Xiaochun; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, FatihSpent mushroom substrate (SMS) and textile dyeing sludge (TDS) were (co-)combusted in changing heating rates, blend ratios and temperature. The increased blend ratio improved the ignition, burnout and comprehensive combustion indices. A comparison of theoretical and experimental thermogravimetric curves pointed to significant interactions between 350 and 600 degrees C. High content of Fe2O3 in TDS ash may act as catalysis at a high temperature. Ignition activation energy was lower for TDS than SMS due to its low thermal stability. 40% SMS appeared to be the optimal blend ratio that significantly decreased the activation energy, as was verified by the response surface methodology. D3 model best described the (co-)combustions. SMS led to more NO and NO2 emissions at about 300 degrees C and less HCN emission than did TDS. The addition of 40% SMS to TDS lowered SO2 emission. The co-combustion of TDS and SMS appeared to enhance energy generation and emission reduction.
