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Öğe Assessment of the natural presence of entomopathogenic nematodes in Kayseri soils, Turkey(Springer, 2017) Canhilal, Ramazan; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Koca, Abdurrahman Sami; Deniz, Yunus; İmren, MustafaEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have lots of ideal attributes as biological control agents, such as a wide host range, rapid host mortality, ease of commercial production in vivo or in vitro, active host-seeking ability, long-term efficacy, easy application, compatible with many chemical pesticides and environmental safety. In the present study, 61 EPNs isolates from 174 soil samples were collected for the districts of Kayseri Province and from 5 different habitats (Forest, pasture, field crops, vegetable, and fruit orchards). The positive soil samples ratio was (35.1%). Forty-seven of isolates were Steinernema with the ratio of (27%). Prevalence of Heterorhabditis was (8%) (14 isolates). Nematodes were identified by morphometric and molecular methods. Forty-one of these isolates, were identified as Steinernema feltiae. Two isolates were S. carpocapsae, one was S. bicornutum, 6 were unknown Steinernema spp., and 14 were Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Of these nematodes, S. bicornutum was a first record in Turkey. The soil textures of the EPN positive soils were loam, sandy loam, loamy sand and sandy clay loam with weakly basic (pH 7.57-7.91) and 1.15-3.06% organic content. The electrical conductivity of the nematode positive soils varied from 0.19 to 0.79 (none saline) dS/m.Öğe Distribution and diversity of cyst nematode (nematoda: heteroderidae) populations in the republic of Azerbaijan, and their molecular characterization using its-rDNA analysis(Organization Trop Amer Nematologists, 2019) Dababat, Abdelfattah Amer; Muminjanov, Hafiz; Orakcı, Gül Erginbaş; Fakhraddin, G. Ahmadova; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Yıldız, Sevilay; Duman, NagihanCereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.) are a significant threat to global cereal production systems and choosing the correct management strategy requires knowledge and identification of various species. We conducted a survey across the main cereal-growing regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2017. Cyst-forming nematodes were detected in 34 samples (44.7%), of which 28 were identified as H. filipjevi or H. avenae using internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-rDNA sequencing. Six populations were unidentifiable to species level and were recorded as belonging to the H avenae group. H. filipjevi was the dominant species, found in 19 samples (25%) from the provinces of Qobustan, Ismailli, Oguz, Sheki, Barda, and Kurdamir. H. avenae was detected in 9 samples (11.8%) across the provinces of Ismailli, Oguz, and Sheki. ITS-rDNA phylogenetic analyses showed that populations of H. filipjevi clustered in one group with two subgroups, all supported by high bootstrap values. Populations of H. avenae also clustered in one group with two subgroups. Genetic dissimilarities were higher within populations of H. filipjevi when compared to populations of H. avenae. The density of many of these cyst populations approached or exceeded the maximum threshold level for economic losses. This is the first report on H. filipjevi and H. avenae in Azerbaijan. The knowledge of cereal cyst nematode presence is extremely important for Azerbaijan's agricultural industry when assessing the occurrence and distribution of soilborne diseases. Management measures to control cereal cyst nematodes should be directed towards breeding for resistant germplasm, crop rotation, and implementing other management practices.Öğe Distribution of Steinernematids and Heterorhabditids (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in the Southern Anatolia Region of Turkey(Springer, 2016) Canhilal, Ramazan; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Toktay, Halil; Bozbuğa, Refik; Çetintaş, Ramazan; İmren, MustafaThis study was conducted to isolate and identify entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species in different agricultural areas in the Southern Anatolia region of Turkey. Out of 193 soil samples, 20 (10.33%) turned out to be positive for the presence of EPNs, belonging to the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. Morphological and molecular (ITS-RDNA) characterizations were performed for the 20 EPN isolates. Six isolates were identified as H. bacteriophora, 2 as H indica and 6 as S. feltiae. Two isolates were undescribed Steinernemas pecies. H. indica was recorded for the first time in the southern Anatolia region of Turkey. Molecular analysis confirmed the morphological identification of Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae species. Comparative analysis of the ITS sequences revealed interspecific polymorphism among the tested isolates. Additionally, intraspecific polymorphism was observed within S. feltiaeand H bacteriophorapopulations, but no intraspecific polymorphism was detected in the H indicapopulation.Öğe Genetic variation and population dynamics of the cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi in wheat areas of Bolu, Turkey(Springer, 2017) İmren, Mustafa; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Koca, Abdurrahman Sami; Duman, Nagihan; Yıldız, ŞenolThe cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stelter, was detected in Turkey in 1996 and since then it has been increasingly reported to cause losses in wheat yields. Cereal cyst nematode populations have a wide genetic diversity which makes it difficult to be managed. The objectives of this research were to investigate the genetic variation of 23 cyst nematode populations collected from wheat growing areas of Bolu Province, utilising sequenced ITS-rDNA regions, and monitoring main nematode isolate population dynamics in field conditions. The results of ribosomal DNA sequencing revealed that all cyst populations were H. filipjevi and that little genetic variation was present among populations. The highest number of second-stage juveniles was observed between April and beginning of May in a field experiment; white females were visible on the roots in late May. The hatching process was positively correlated with low temperatures, but there were inverse correlations between reproductive factors and initial nematode population densities.Öğe Incidence of cereal cyst nematodes in the East Anatolia Region in Turkey(Russian Acad Sci, Inst Parasitology, 2015) Toktay, Halil; İmren, Mustafa; Öcal, Atilla; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Viaene, NicoleCereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp., CCN) are major economic plant-parasitic nematodes of wheat grown in the East Anatolian region of Turkey. Identification of CCN species is essential for choosing the right control strategy. The morphological and molecular characteristics of cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.) were determined for specimens collected from wheat fields from different provinces of the East Anatolia region in Turkey. Fifty-six percent of wheat fields were infested with cereal cyst nematodes. Based on morphological characterisations and molecular techniques, two Heterodera species, H. filipjevi and H. latipons, were identified. Heterodera filipjevi was the dominant species in the wheat fields of Elazig, Malatya, Sivas, Erzurum, Erzincan, Igdir and Kars provinces, while H. latipons was found only in three provinces (Erzincan, Elazig and Malatya). This is the first detection of H. latipons in the East Anatolia region. Genetic dissimilarity was higher within H. filipjevi populations than within H. latipons populations. While intraspecific polymorphism was not observed within H. latipons, it was recorded in H. filipjevi populations. Our results showed a clear separation of the two cyst nematode species using both morphological and molecular tests, and confirmed the link between genetic and morphological traits.Öğe Morphological and molecular identifcation of cereal cyst nematodes from the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey(2015) Imren, Mustafa; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Viaene, Nicole; Elekcioğlu, Ibrahim Halil; Dababat, AbdelfattahThe morphological and molecular characteristics of 41 populations of cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera avenae group)collected in Adana, Osmaniye, Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Gaziantep, and Kilis provinces in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkeywere studied. Te morphological characters and morphometric features of second-stage juveniles and cysts showed the presence of 3Heterodera species: H. avenae , H. flipjevi, and H. latipons. All morphological values of these distinct populations were very similar tothose previously described for these species. Genetic variation was observed among the identifed cyst nematode species H. avenae, H.flipjevi, and H. latipons. Intraspecifc polymorphism was observed within H. avenae and H. latipons but not in H. flipjevi populations.Molecular analysis using ITS regions of rDNA confrmed the identities of the 3 Heterodera species. According to our results, 75% ofisolates were identifed as H. avenae , 15% as H. latipons, and 10% as H. flipjevi.Öğe Morphological and molecular identification of cereal cyst nematodes from the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey(2015) İmren, Mustafa; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Vıaene, Nicole; Elekcioğlu, İbrahim Halil; Dababat, AbdelfattahThe morphological and molecular characteristics of 41 populations of cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera avenae group) collected in Adana, Osmaniye, Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Gaziantep, and Kilis provinces in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey were studied. Te morphological characters and morphometric features of second-stage juveniles and cysts showed the presence of 3 Heterodera species: H. avenae , H. flipjevi, and H. latipons. All morphological values of these distinct populations were very similar to those previously described for these species. Genetic variation was observed among the identifed cyst nematode species H. avenae, H. flipjevi, and H. latipons. Intraspecifc polymorphism was observed within H. avenae and H. latipons but not in H. flipjevi populations. Molecular analysis using ITS regions of rDNA confrmed the identities of the 3 Heterodera species. According to our results, 75% of isolates were identifed as H. avenae , 15% as H. latipons, and 10% as H. flipjevi.
