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    Assessment of genetic diversity in naturally growing 29 Trifolium L. taxa from Bolu Province using RAPD and SSR markers
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2013) Uslu, Emel; Ertuğrul, Gözde Damla; Babaç, Mehmet Tekin
    Two molecular marker technologies, RAPD and SSR, were used to determine the genetic diversity of 29 taxa of Trifolium L. collected from Bolu Province. The analysis was carried out using 11 RAPD and 5 SSR markers. A total of 446 and 331 fragments were produced by RAPD and SSR markers, respectively. The amplification products were 300-3500 bp with RAPD and 125-3000 bp with SSR markers. These bands were scored as absence and presence for all taxa. Data obtained were used to estimate genetic similarity using Jaccard's coefficient, and dendrograms were constructed by the UPGMA method using either RAPD and SSR markers individually or as combined sets of data. The highest genetic similarity values obtained were 0.33 between T hirtum All. and T constantinapolitanum Ser. for RAPD and 0.49 between T medium L. var. medium and var. eriocalycinum Hausskn. for SSR. The dendrograms produced from combined sets Of RAPD and SSR data revealed 2 main clusters. One contained members of the sections Chronosemium Ser., Lotoidea L., and Vesicaria Ser., and the other had only the section Trifolium. The results suggest that the use of 2 different molecular markers gives the most reliable genetic data for Trifolium taxa.
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    Characterization of Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Candargy chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization
    (Mendelian Society of Lund, 1999) Uslu, Emel; Reader, Stephen M.; Miller, Terry E.
    Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was utilized to study disomic wheat (Triticum aestivum)/Dasypyrum villosum chromosome addition lines to characterize the V genome chromosomes of D. villosum L. Candargy. The V genome specific DNA sequence, pHv62; the rye sequence, pSc119.2, the 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA genes, pTa71, and the 5S rDNA sequence, cP5S, were used as probes. Six of the seven added D. villosum chromosomes hybridized with pHv62. One of these, 3V, was shown to be a Robertsonian translocation with a wheat chromosome. The presence of the seventh addition line chromosome was verified by FISH using total genomic D. villosum DNA as probe. FISH with cP5S detected a site on 5V, whilst pTa71 revealed a single site on the short arm of 1V, but pSc119.2 detected sites on all the chromosomes of D. villosum. The pHv62 probe was also used in the application of FISH to a number of other species in the Triticeae, including five species of Aegilops, barley and the tetraploid Dasypyrum breviaristatum. Sites were detected only in Thinopyrum bessarabicum and Secale cereale, and this together with the above evidence for pTa71 and pSc119.2 suggests that D. villosum is phylogenetically closest to Th. bessarabicum and S. cereale, and also is not related to Dasypyrum breviaristatum.
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    Cytogenetic studies on Quercus L. (Fagaceae) species belonging to Ilex and Cerris section in Turkey
    (Firenze Univ Press, 2011) Yılmaz, Aykut; Uslu, Emel; Babaç, M. Tekin
    A detailed karyotype analyses of the five species of Quercus L. (Q. coccifera L., Q. ilex L., Q. aucheri Taub. & Spach, Q. cerris L. and Q. ithaburensis Decne subsp. macrolepsis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yak.) belonging to Ilex and Cerris section were examined. The somatic chromosome number of all studied taxa 2n=24 was found. The karyotypes of investigated species showed the great similarity with the chromosome length and the position of centromere. Chromosome number and detailed karyotype of these species were first time counted from Turkey.
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    A descriptive study of some Trifolium L. (Clover) taxa grown in Bolu Province
    (2019) Uslu, Emel; Babaç, Mehmet Tekin
    Micromorphological characteristics of 13 Trifolium species, which are grown in the province of Bolu, were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The morphological characteristics determined from the study were subjected to morphometric analyses and their variation spectrums were defined. Tricolporate pollen grains showed two pollen shapes, prolate and subprolate, according to equatorial view. The smallest size of polar axis length (18.00 μm) was found in T. micranthum Viv. from section Chronosemium Ser.; the largest (88.95 μm) was found in T. hirtum All. from section Trifolium L.. Statistically, the smallest seeds were found in T. resupinatum L. from the section Vesicaria Crantz. with an average size of 1.01 mm. However, the largest seeds were observed in T. hirtum species from the section Trifolium with an average size of 2.04 mm. The results gave similar groupings in cluster (CA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Main taxa were grouped under section Trifolium; T. campestre Schreb. and T. micranthum produced section Chronosemium; T. physodes Steven & M. Bieb. and T. resupinatum formed the section Vesicaria; and finally, T. nigrescens Viv. presented the section Lotoidea Crantz.. Besides taxonomical classification, pollen and seed properties of 13 Trifolium taxa were also investigated.
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    Geographic distribution of Turkish qaks
    (Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 2012) Uslu, Emel; Bakış, Yasin
    Distribution of Turkish Quercus L. has a crucial value since Turkey is a transition place between Europe and Asia and located at the meeting point of three phytogeographical regions. To compare the diversity of species and to find the distribution patterns of oaks, species richness of the most current distributions were studied. Relationships of phytogeographical regions and presence of the Anatolian Diagonal relevant to oak distributions were also investigated. Analyses were performed on Davis' grid square system. The highest richness of Quercus species were found at north-western Turkey which were located in the meeting place of Asia and Europe. The lowest richness scores were found at eastern and south-eastern Anatolia. Moreover, latitude, longitude and altitude histograms showed a correlation with species richness. However, the presence of Anatolian Diagonal is partially supported.
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    Influence of nutrient media on callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in selected Turkish crocus species
    (Elsevier B.V., 2016) Verma, Sandeep Kumar; Das, Ashok Kumar; Cingöz, Günce Şahin; Uslu, Emel; Gürel, Ekrem
    Callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were initiated in selected five species of Turkish crocus using three diffrent explants (leaf, stem and corm) cultured on four different media (MS, GB5, LS and CHE). The highest frequencies of callus induction (100%) and shoot regeneration (70%, with 7.2 shoots/callus) were found in the crocus species Crocus oliveri ssp. Oliveri, using the MS medium containing 5% (w/v) sucrose supplemented with (4 mg/L NAA + 4 mg/L TDZ) and (2 mg/L IAA + 2 mg/L TDZ + 2 mg/L BAP). When the embryogenic calli were transferred into the four nutrient media containing (2 mg/L IAA + 2 mg/L TDZ) and 100 mg/L ABA, these further developed into cotyledonary embryos. Maximum number of somatic embryos (2.9 embryos per leaf explant, with a frequency 46.6%) was obtained in C. oliveri ssp. Oliveri. During subculture using the half strength media, cotyledonary embryos gradually developed into plantlets. © 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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    Investigations on anatomical and morphological characteristics of some Crocus L. taxa around Abant Lake
    (2022) Uslu, Emel; Babaç, Mehmet Tekin; Bakiş, Yasin
    In this study; the two Crocus L. taxa endemic to Bolu province, Crocus abantensis T. Baytop et Mathew and Crocus× paulineae Pasche & Kerndorff (hybrid) together with C. ancyrensis (Herbert) Maw subsp. ancyrensis, and C. olivieri J.Gay, were used to reveal their detailed leaf anatomical features. In view of these characteristics, it was aimed to determine the true parents of the hybrid and possible other hybrid taxa distributed in the south-southeast coasts Abant Lake. These two Crocus taxa, which are endemic to this region, have no previous anatomical studies. In this sense, deficiencies related to Crocus taxonomy have been completed. The main differences of C. × paulineae from the other taxa; having the thickest cuticle (3.80 µm), the longest parenchyma (20.93 µm) cell in the mesophyll, and having papillae like structure on the keel corners of cuticle. This structure was also observed in C. olivieri over the cuticle at the corners of the keel. The other important differences was the number of small vascular bundles among the studied taxa. The chromosomal number of hybrid was also given for the first time.
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    Karyological studies on four Quercus L. species in Turkey
    (Firenze Univ Press, 2008) Yılmaz, Aykut; Uslu, Emel; Tekinbabaç, Mehmet
    In this study, the karyotype analyses of the four species of Quercus L. were examined. The chromosome numbers in Q. libani Olivier, Q. petraea (Mattuschka) Lieb. subsp. iberica (Steven ex Bieb.) Krassiln., Q. coccifera L. and Q. infectoria Olivier subsp. infectoria Olivier were determined as 2n=24. The karvotypes of all species consist of only metacentric chromosome pairs. Chromosome lenghts change between 0.81-2.18 in Q. libani, 0.86-1.66 in Q. petraea subsp. iberica, 0.93-1.98 in Q.coccifera and 0.91-1.96 in Q. infectoria subsp. infectoria, respectively. The karyotype analysis of these species were first time counted in Turkey.
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    Karyological studies on some Crocus L. taxa from Turkey
    (Firenze Univ Press, 2012) Uslu, Emel; Babaç, Mehmet Tekin; Yılmaz, Aykut
    Chromosome numbers and morphometric parameters of five Crocus L. taxa were examined. Except C. specious Bieb. subsp. specious, and C. olivieri Gay subsp. olivieri, the other 3 taxa, C. abantensis T. Baytop et Mathew, C. ancyrensis (Herbert) Maw, and C. biflorus Miller subsp. pulchricolor (Herbert) Mathew all are endemic for Turkey. The chromosome numbers of C. abantensis 2n = 8 chromosomes, six of them metacentric and two were submetacentric, C. ancyrensis and C. olivieri subsp. olivieri both had 2n = 6 chromosomes and all the chromosomes were subtelocentric, finally C. specious subsp. specious and C. biflorus subsp. pulchricolor both had 2n = 8 chromosomes and all were submetacentric. Although some of the taxa chromosome numbers were known from previous studies, in this study some different counts were and their detailed karyotypes were presented.
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    Karyology of nine Trifolium L. taxa from Turkey
    (Firenze Univ Press, 2012) Uslu, Emel
    This research comprises a karyologic study of the nine taxa of Trifolium from Turkey. From the Trifolium L. section, Trifolium striatum L. and T. leucanthum Bieb. chromosome numbers were 2n = 14, T. echinatum Bieb. was 2n = 16 and T. phleoides Pourr. ex Willd was 2n = 12. From the Vesicaria Crantz. section, T. resupinatum L. var. resupinatum, T. clusii Godr. and Gren., and T. tomentosum L. all had chromosome numbers of 2n = 16. Chromosome numbers of T. retusum, L. from section Lotoidea, Crantz. and T. glanduliferum Boiss. var. glanduliferum from section Paramesus (C. Presl) Gris. were all found to be 2n = 16. Seven of the 9 taxa contained all pairs of chromosomes and were metacentric; the remaining taxa included 7 were metacentric and only one pair was submetacentric. One pair of satellites was found in T. phleoides. This study reports detailed karyotype analyses from Turkey for the first time in Trifolium.
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    Morphological variability of evergreen oaks (Quercus) in Turkey
    (Bangladesh Assoc Plant Taxonomists, 2017) Yılmaz, Aykut; Uslu, Emel; Babaç, Mehmet Tekin
    The genus Quercus L. has a problematic taxonomy because of widespread hybridization among them. Evergreen Quercus contain three species in section Ilex Loudon namely, Q. ilex L., Q. coccifera L. and Q. aucheri Jaub. et Spach in Turkey. Here, two species, Q. coccifera and Q. aucheri are usually confused with each other. However, Q. coccifera and Q. calliprinos are accepted as different species but this subject is still controversial. Morphometric leaf and fruit variations of Q. ilex, Q. coccifera and Q. aucheri in 26 populations were measured for 25 characters. Variations within and among populations of species were detected by cluster analysis and principal component analysis. This study shows that populations of Q. coccifera from the south region of Turkey form a second group within Q. coccifera. Secondly, Q. coccifera show more similarity to Q. aucheri than Q. ilex, and finally there are two groups within Q. coccifera, which may be evaluated as Q. coccifera and Q. calliprinos.
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    Morphometric analyses of the leaf variation within Quercus L. Sect. Cerris Loudon in Turkey
    (Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 2014) Uslu, Emel; Bakış, Yasin
    Oaks are classified heavily based on the leaf morphology. However, identification of specimens without acorns is usually controversial in Cerris section. Although members of Cerris section have a broad distribution area, there are only few taxonomic studies. Therefore, the current study is the first to show the discrimination of species in Cerris section based on leaf characters from Turkey. Discrimination among the members of Cerris section over Turkey (Q. cerris L. var. cerris, Q. ithaburensis Decne. subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge and Yalt, Q. brantii Lindley, Q. libani Olivier, and Q. trojana P. B. subsp. trojana.) was aimed and variations within and among the species based on 15 qualitative leaf characters was presented. In this work we have studied the natural variability of these species by analysing leaf materials collected from 44 populations around Turkey. Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were performed to assess intra-specific differentiation and to compare the distribution of variance in the individual and population level. The results showed that the leaf characters presented a good discrimination of five Cerris taxa in PCA at the population level, but the relationships between Q. ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis and Q. brantii showed complex groups in CA. Among the studied taxa, the highest variation was found within Q. cerris populations. In this work, we obtained discrimination of Cerris section species from Turkey based on leaf characters which is quite useful for those herbarium specimens without acorns and in other systematic observations.
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    A study on biogeographical distribution of Turkish oak species and their relations with the Anatolian diagonal
    (2011) Uslu, Emel; Bakış, Yasin; Babaç, M. Tekin
    Due to its geological positions, Turkey contains different phytogeographical regions and had possible refuge regions for many plants and animals during the glacial periods. According to Davis a major flora boundary occurs in Turkey, along a diagonal belt running from NE Anatolia (S of Gümüşhane) to SW Anatolia, where it splits out the Cilician Taurus and Amanus mountains. The geographical distribution of Turkish Quercus L. taxa and their relations with the diagonal have been discussed. Only nine taxa out of 23 showed clear separations on the basis of the Anatolian Diagonal, which are Q. petraea subsp. iberica, Q. petraea subsp. pinnatiloba, Q. robur subsp. robur, Q. robur subsp. pedunculiflora, Q. pubescens, Q. ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis, Q. brantii, Q. trojana, and Q. libani. Beside the distribution of Turkish Quercus, the refuge regions mentioned by Davis and the potential palaeogeographical history of the Anatolian Diagonal have also been considered in detail.
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    Updates and improvements of Turkish Plants Data Service (TUBİVES)
    (Ieee, 2011) Bakış, Yasin; Babaç, M. Tekin; Uslu, Emel
    Reaching biological information of the studied taxa became quite simple by introducing biodiversity information databases through internet. TUBivES (Turkish Plants Data Service) is the first and the most efficient biodiversity database of the plants in Turkey. In this study, the structural of TUBiVES has been changed according to needs in new data types such as, chromosomal numbers, vernacular names, uses of plants, IUCN categories for endemics, nomenclature and synonym information of plants distributed in Turkey. The structure of database and querying algorithm have been updated both for TURKNOM (Nomenclatural Database of Turkish Vascular Plants) and TUBIVES.
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    Updates and improvements of Turkish Plants Data Service (TüBİVES)
    (2011) Bakış, Yasin; Babaç, Mehmet Tekin; Uslu, Emel
    Reaching biological information of the studied taxa became quite simple by introducing biodiversity information databases through internet. TüBİVES (Turkish Plants Data Service) is the first and the most efficient biodiversity database of the plants in Turkey. In this study, the structural of TüBİVES has been changed according to needs in new data types such as, chromosomal numbers, vernacular names, uses of plants, IUCN categories for endemics, nomenclature and synonym information of plants distributed in Turkey. The structure of database and querying algorithm have been updated both for TüRKNOM (Nomenclatural Database of Turkish Vascular Plants) and TüBİVES. © 2011 IEEE.