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    Cerebral blood flow measurements of the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries with Doppler ultrasonography in healthy adults
    (2005) Yazıcı, Burhan; Erdoğmuş, Beşir; Tugay, Ali
    PURPOSE To establish normal cerebral blood flow volume by measuring flow volume of the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries using Doppler ultrasonography in healthy adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was performed with a group of 96 healthy adults aged 20 to 80 years (48 women, 48 men; mean age of all patients, 49.8 ± 17.1). The common, external, and internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries (CCA, ECA, ICA, and VA, respectively) were examined using Doppler ultrasonography. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index (RI), and luminal diameters of the vessels were measured, and flow volumes were calculated in all the arteries. The influence of age on these parameters was also investigated. RESULTS In the CCA, ICA, and VA, all flow velocities and flow volumes decreased significantly with an increase in age. The luminal diameters of the carotid and vertebral arteries increased significantly with aging, while there was no significant alteration in the RI. The luminal diameters of the CCA, ICA, and ECA were significantly smaller in women than in men. PSV and EDV in the ICA, and EDV in the VA were significantly higher in men. There was no gender-linked difference in flow volumes of the brain-feeding arteries, however, in the ECA flow volumes were significantly higher in women. CONCLUSION Normal cerebral blood flow volume was established by measuring the flow volume of the ECA and VA with Doppler ultrasonography in healthy adults. We believe that these data can be useful in evaluating cases with cerebrovascular disease, which are related to altered cerebral blood flow volume.
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    Intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery in highway toll collectors
    (John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2006) Erdoğmuş, Beşir; Yazıcı, Burhan; Annakkaya, Ali Nihat; Bilgin, Cahit; Şafak, Alp Alper; Arbak, Peri; Tugay, Ali
    Purpose. To assess the effects of exposure to exhaust particles on intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery in highway toll collectors, Methods. Sixty-one highway toll collectors (HTCs) between 24 and 56 years of age (mean, 36.2 +/- 7.3) and 48 controls between 24 and 64 years of age (mean, 42.6 +/- 10.6) were evaluated with gray-scale sonography to measure intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA). Subgroups were categorized according to duration of exhaust exposure and further divided according to tobacco use. Results. CCA IMT was higher (0.8 +/- 0.2 mm) in HTCs than in the control group (0.6 +/- 0.1 mm; p < 0.001) and remained higher when subgroups with similar smoking habits were compared. In HTCs, IMT was greater when the number of years working in tollbooths was greater (p = 0.023). IMT was lower in HTCs with an exposure duration of < 10 years compared with a duration of 10-20years (p = 0.017) or > 20years (p value not significant). Conclusion. Air pollution has a widely acknowledged negative effect on humans. This study confirms that exposure to exhaust particles might cause wall thickening of carotid arteries.