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Öğe Effects of contemporary orthodontic composites on tooth color following short-term fixed orthodontic treatment: A controlled clinical study(2015) Çörekçi, Bayram; Toy, Ebubekir; Öztürk, Fırat; Malkoç, Sıddık; Öztürk, BoraBackground/aim: To determine the color alterations of natural teeth associated with different orthodontic composites used in comprehensive short-term treatment. Materials and methods: Twenty-two patients were treated with fixed appliances and 22 untreated subjects were also evaluated. Lower incisors were bonded with different orthodontic composites: 42 with Grengloo, 41 with Light Bond, 31 with Kurasper F, and 32 with Transbond XT. The color parameters of the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) were measured for each tooth with a spectrophotometer. Color assessment in relation to time, adhesive material, and their interaction was made with 2-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 1-way ANOVA for the color differences (∆E*). Further analyses were done using Tukey’s honestly significant difference tests and paired-samples t-tests. Results: The color of teeth was affected by treatment. The mean L* and a* values increased, whereas the mean b* values decreased. Total color differences of teeth demonstrated visible color changes clinically after treatment, ranging from 1.12 to 3.34 ∆E units. However, there were no significant differences for color of enamel. Conclusion: Teeth may be discolored with fixed appliances during treatment. Moreover, contemporary orthodontic composites have similar effects of enamel discoloration.Öğe Effects of Time Delay on Degree of Conversion of Contemporary Orthodontic Band Adhesives(Aves Press Ltd, 2013) Corekci, Bayram; Toy, Ebubekir; Malkoc, Siddik; Ozturk, Bora; Gunduz, S. BenizObjective: For prolonged use in the oral cavity, orthodontic band adhesives should have certain physical properties to ensure the best clinical performance. The degree of conversion (DC) of orthodontic band adhesives has been found to affect their mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of time delay on the DC of orthodontic band adhesives. Materials and Methods: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the DC of 3 adhesives (Bisco Ortho Band Paste LC, Multi Cure Glass Ionomer Band Cement, Transbond Plus Light Cure Band Adhesive) immediately after they had been polymerized and stored in artificial saliva at 37 +/- 1 degrees C for 30 days. Thirty disc-shaped specimens (10 for each adhesive) were fabricated in Teflon molds (6.0 x 1.0 mm). The samples for each adhesive were divided further into 2 groups (n=5). Results: The DC was significantly influenced by the band adhesive type (p < 0.05), and there were significant differences among band adhesive types for the DC after 30 days. Conclusion: The value of the DC could change with time delay.Öğe Physical properties of different orthodontic cements(Urban & Vogel, 2015) Aksakallı, Sertaç; Malkoç, Meral Arslan; Çörekçi, Bayram; Malkoç, Sıddık; Toy, EbubekirIntroduction. We evaluated the water absorption, solubility, and compressive strength of different cements and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs), namely AdhesorA (R), Ketac (TM) Cem, Ortho Band Paste LC (TM), Glass Ionomer Band Cement, and Transbond (TM) Plus. Our aims were to compare the mechanical and physical properties of the cements widely used in orthodontics and to define the most suitable cements in an oral environment in terms of those characteristics. Materials and methods. To assess compressive strength, the cements were subjected to compression tests done on a universal testing machine. To test water absorption and solubility, the weight changes in cement specimens were determined after immersion in distilled water for 1, 7, and 30 days. Results. Adhesor (R) and Ketac (TM) Cem presented significantly higher solubility values than other cements after water immersion for 1, 7, and 30 days (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Our results revealed that the traditional orthodontic cements have higher water solubility and water absorption values as well as lower compressive strength values than the RMGICs used in this study. Furthermore, Transbond (TM) Plus revealed the highest compressive strength, whereas AdhesorA (R) showed the lowest.Öğe Polymerization capacity of orthodontic composites analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(Mosby-Elsevier, 2011) Çörekçi, Bayram; Malkoç, Sıddık; Öztürk, Bora; Gündüz, Beniz; Toy, EbubekirIntroduction: The aim of this in-vitro study was to analyze the polymerization capacity of 5 orthodontic composites by determining the degree of monomer conversion (DC). Methods: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the DC of the orthodontic composites immediately after polymerization and after storage in artificial saliva at 37 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C for 30 days. The resin-based adhesive composites investigated were Bisco Ortho (Bisco, Schaumburg, III), Heliosit Orthodontics (Ivoclar, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Kurasper F (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan), Light Bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, III), and Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), cured with Elipar FreeLight 2 (3M ESPE, St Paul, Minn) for the testing of the DC values. Fifty cylindrical specimens were manufactured in molds. The data were analyzed by 2-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD test. Results: According to 2-way ANOVA, the DC was significantly influenced by composite type (P < 0.05); after 30 days, there were no differences among the composite types for the DC. The interaction of orthodontic composites and time played a statistically significant role in the DC (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant influence of time for the DC (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The DC was found to change according to composite materials used, and Bisco Ortho showed the most DC performance. The DC of orthodontic composites is a complex process that is affected not only by inorganic filler content of the composite but also the monomer type and many other factors. Sufficient DC values of 5 commercially available orthodontic composites can be achieved with a new-generation light-emitting diode curing light. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139:e299-e304)Öğe Real-time cell analysis of the cytotoxicity of orthodontic brackets on gingival fibroblasts(Sage Publications Ltd, 2014) Toy, Ebubekir; Malkoç, Sıddık; Çörekçi, Bayram; Bozkurt, Buket Şerife; Hakkı, Sema S.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of 6 different orthodontic bracket types on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) using the xCELLigence system. Methods: The orthodontic brackets used in this study were gold-plated steel (Apollo Gold), titanium (Rematitan), stainless steel (Equilibrium 2), lucid ice (Inspire ICE), metal-reinforced ceramic (Clarity) and composite (OrthoFlex). Gingival fibroblasts were isolated from human gingival connective tissue of systemically healthy individuals. Tested brackets were incubated in DMEM culture medium for 72 hours according to ISO 10993-5 standards. Gingival fibroblasts were maintained with Dulbecco modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The xCELLigence system was used to evaluate cell survival. The statistical analysis used was ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests. Results: When the data were evaluated in the 30th hour, Apollo Gold showed significant decreases in cell index (P<0.001). It also showed statistically significant decreases (P<0.001) in the 65th hour, but Clarity and Inspire ICE showed significant increases in cell indices (P<0.001, P<0.01). In the 114th hour, Clarity and Equilibrium 2 showed statistically significant increases in cell indices (P<0.001). Inspire ICE and Rematitan demonstrated significant increases (P<0.05). There were significant decreases in cell index of Apollo Gold (P<0.001). Conclusions: The tested brackets are suitable for clinical application, but further studies using different test methods are needed for gold-plated brackets.
