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Öğe Alternative strategies to control root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) with different irrigation systems in pepper greenhouses(2015) Toktay, Halil; İmren, Mustafa; Bozbuğa, RefikKök-ur nematodları geniş bir konukçu dizisine sahip olup önemli kültür bitkilerinde ağır verim kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Türkiye’de nematodlar ile mücadelede nematisit kullanımına önemli kısıtlamalar getirilmekte bunun yanında mücadelede yeni metotlar ortaya konması gerekmektedir. Bu yüzden biber seralarında Kök-ur nematodları ile mücadelede alternatif mücadele programlarının geliştirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada toprak solarizasyonu ile birlikte iki farklı kimyasal ve toprak fumigantının iki ve dört hat şeklinde damla sulama sistemi ile kombine edilerek nematodlarla ile mücadele programlarında kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada solarizasyon + metam sodyum + iprodione uygulaması, dört lateral hatlı damla sulama sisteminde verime ve nematodun kökteki urlanması üzerine etkili bulunmuştur. Bitki boyu ve nematodun üreme gücüne solarizasyon + iprodione uygulamasının dört lateral hatlı damla sulama sisteminde en yüksek etkiye sahip olduğu saptanmıştır.Öğe Characterization of potato golden cyst nematode populations (globodera rostochiensis) in Turkey(Friends Science Publ, 2020) Toktay, Halil; Evlice, Emre; İmren, Mustafa; Özer, Göksel; Ali, Muhammad Amjad; Dababat, AbdelfattahGolden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens, is one of the most important soilborne pathogens causing economic losses in potato. The nematode is known to occurin several countries including Turkey and has a worldwide regulatory concern. In this study, identification and genetic diversity of G. rostochiensis specimens obtained from the main potato producing areas of Turkey were determined. Twenty -five of 35 soil samples collected from the provinces of Izmir, Nevsehir and Nigde were found to contain G. rostochiensis. The variation between G. rostochiensis populations was determined when examined according to ecological and pathogenic characteristics of nematode in Turkey. The cysts of G. rostochiensis were identified by measuring the morphological characters using perennial patterns, vulval cone, vulval basin and juveniles. Phylogenetic analysis of the Large Sub Unit (LSU) region of rDNA sequences was used to assess the inter or intra phylogenetic relationships between the nematode populations. The phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the nematode specimens from Turkey cluster with Globodera spp. and signified the presence of single species of G. rostochiensis. As a result, morphological, morphometric and molecular methods were successfully combined for identification and characterization of G. rostochiensis. The frequency of G. rostochiensis in regulatory samples frompotato -producing areas is becoming increasingly important. The morphological characterization has several complications in the detection of this quarantine nematode, using of this combination is beneficial for a reliable and quick diagnostic for these nematodes which is crucial for regulatory services and growers. The results might help to investigate different ecotypes of G. rostochiensis for comprehensive understanding about physiology, ecology , and biology of the genus Globodera for its effective management in Turkey. (C) 2020 Friends Science PublishersÖğe Correction to: Molecular characterization of Heterodera cruciferae Franklin, 1945 from cabbage felds in Nigde province, Turkey (Sep, 10.1007/s11033-022-07860-w, 2022)(Springer, 2023) Toktay, Halil; Akyol, Badel G.; Evlice, Emre; İmren, MustafaIn the original publication of the article, the affiliation of the third author was incorrectly published.Öğe Dayanıklılık geni Cre1’in Akdeniz tahıl kist nematodu, Heterodera latipons Franklin (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)’e karşı etkinliğinin araştırılması(2014) İmren, Mustafa; Uludamar, Ece Börteçine Kasapoğlu; Dababat, Abdelfattah; Toktay, Halil; Elekcioğlu, İbrahim HalilTahıl kist nematodları (Heterodera avenae group) buğdayın önemli zararlılarından biri olup, Türkiye’de Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, H. latipons Franklin ve H. filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stone olmak üzere üç önemli türü farklı buğday üretim alanlarında saptanmıştır. Ülkemizin makarnalık buğdayın merkezi olan Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde Akdeniz tahıl kist nematodu, Heterodera latipons’un yaygın olarak bulunduğu, bölge genelinde birçok lokasyonda ekonomik zarar eşiğinin üstünde popülasyona sahip olduğu rapor edilmiştir. Buğday yetiştiriciliğinde kist nematodları ile en etkin mücadele yöntemi dayanıklı/tolerans çeşit kullanımı olarak bilinmektedir. Günümüzde buğdayın yabani türlerinden kültür formlarına aktarılmış dokuz farklı dayanıklılık geni (Cre genleri) mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada dayanıklılık geni Cre1’in H. latipons’un Gaziantep (Karkamış) popülasyonuna karşı etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada genomunda dayanıklılık geni Cre1 bulunan SILVERSTAR buğday çeşidinin yanı sıra SOKOLL, CALINGIRI, GOLDMARKER, FRAME, STYLET, PASTOR ve CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(224)//OPATA çeşitlerine ait ebeveynlerin melezlenmesi ile geliştirilen 38 adeti dayanıklılık geni taşıyan, 26 adeti dayanıklılık geni taşımayan toplam 64 adet buğday genotipi H. latipons’a karşı denemeye alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda 64 adet genotipten 20’si nematoda dayanıklı, 32’si orta dayanıklı ve 12’sinin ise orta hassas olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Genomunda Cre1 geni taşıyan 38 melezden ise 10’nun H. latipons’a karşı dayanıklı, 20’sinin orta dayanıklı ve 8’nin ise orta hassas olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile dayanıklılık geni Cre1’in H. latipons’un Gaziantep (Karkamış) popülasyonuna karşı mutlak bir dayanıklılığa sahip olmamakla birlikte %78 etkinlik oranı ile başarılı olduğu ve ulusal buğday ıslah programlarında H. latipons’a karşı kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, PASTOR, SOKOLL ve CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(224)//OPATA buğday genotiplerinin H. latipons’a karşı iyi bir dayanıklılık kaynağına sahip olduğu saptanmıştır.Öğe Determination of Resistance Levels of National Potato Cultivars and Clones Against Golden Cyst Nematode Pathotype Ro2/3 via Phenotypic and DNA Marker-Assisted Characterization(Springer, 2024) Avci, Gulten Kacar; Canhilal, Ramazan; Toktay, Halil; Imren, Mustafa; Unlenen, Levent; Pirlak, UgurPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of our important agricultural products, which is the main food source for people in T & uuml;rkiye, as well as all over the world. There are many diseases and pests that reduce productivity in potato plant production. Potato cyst nematodes (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) are pests that are on the quarantine list of the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization and cause serious yield losses. Since they are soil-borne pathogens and there is no effective chemical control, the most successful control method is to use resistant cultivars. The aim of the study was to determine the resistance levels of local and national potato cultivars and clones developed by the Nigde Potato Research Institute against the Globodera rostochiensis Ro2/3 pathotype using molecular marker analysis and biotesting methods. The biotest study was carried out by inoculating 7500 eggs and larvae of the Globedera rostochiensis pathotype Ro2/3 into pots. In the molecular marker analysis, resistance was investigated with TG689, 57R, Gro1-4 markers. While all cultivars and clones except Bettina were grouped as sensitive in the biotesting study, the H1 resistance gene was detected in Onaran, & Uuml;nlenen, Leventbey, Muratbey, Nahita, Agria, Madeleine, Desiree and Bettina cultivars by molecular marker analysis. H1 and Gro1-4 resistance genes were detected in the PAE 13-08-07, PAE 13-08-08 and PAE 13-08-14 clones used in the experiment. The results showed that clones developed by the Potato Research Institute exhibited highly resistant marker alleles for the Ro2/3 pathotype of G. rostochiensis. The results of phenotyping study and the molecular marker study were not similar.Öğe Determining the optimal Meloidogyne Incognita inoculum level, inoculation time, pathogencity and gall development on tomato roots for resistance experiments in breeding programs(Society for Plant Research, 2015) Bozbuğa, Refik; İmren, Mustafa; Kasapoglu, Ece Bortecinec; Toktay, Halil; Elekcioglu, İbrahim HalilRoot knot nematodes (RKN) cause a significant damage to many cultivated crops and present study was conducted to determine the most appropriate inoculum levels of a ubiquitous RKN nematode in warm climate, Meloidogyne incognita, inoculation time and plant age for the screening of nematode resistance studies on plant breeding programs under controlled conditions. The inoculum level experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of four M. incognita inoculum levels (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 juveniles/ 1000 gram soil mix) on three different age of susceptible tomato plants. Gall development was observed at 3 different ages of susceptible tomato plants with 7 different time points. The highest gall numbers were observed on nematode infected 3 day old plant roots and the least number of galls were detected on the roots of 5 day old plants. First galls were observed at 1 dpi and the highest gall number was observed on the 21st gall counting day on three day old tomato roots. Thus the inoculation of 2000- 2500 second stage juveniles /1000 gram soil mix to 3 days old tomato plants was the best to reach high gall numbers which are suitable for screening of nematode resistance studies on plant breeding programs. © 2015 Society for Plant Research. All rights reserved.Öğe Distribution of Steinernematids and Heterorhabditids (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in the Southern Anatolia Region of Turkey(Springer, 2016) Canhilal, Ramazan; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Toktay, Halil; Bozbuğa, Refik; Çetintaş, Ramazan; İmren, MustafaThis study was conducted to isolate and identify entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species in different agricultural areas in the Southern Anatolia region of Turkey. Out of 193 soil samples, 20 (10.33%) turned out to be positive for the presence of EPNs, belonging to the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. Morphological and molecular (ITS-RDNA) characterizations were performed for the 20 EPN isolates. Six isolates were identified as H. bacteriophora, 2 as H indica and 6 as S. feltiae. Two isolates were undescribed Steinernemas pecies. H. indica was recorded for the first time in the southern Anatolia region of Turkey. Molecular analysis confirmed the morphological identification of Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae species. Comparative analysis of the ITS sequences revealed interspecific polymorphism among the tested isolates. Additionally, intraspecific polymorphism was observed within S. feltiaeand H bacteriophorapopulations, but no intraspecific polymorphism was detected in the H indicapopulation.Öğe Effect of Mi gene and nematode resistance on tomato genotypes using molecular and screening assay(Allerton Press Inc, 2020) Bozbuğa, Refik; Daşgan, Hayriye Yıldız; Akhoundnejad, Yelderem; İmren, Mustafa; Günay, Özlem C.; Toktay, HalilThe Mi gene is known to involve in the resistance response to some Root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. in tomato plants Lycopersicon esculentum. Root knot nematodes cause significant damages to almost all crops in the world. Among Meloidogyne species, Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most damages species causing a vast amount of crop loss including tomato plants. The resistance gene may be found in some tomato genotypes or cultivars. Determining the resistance gene, Mi, in tomato cultivars is very important to control root knot nematodes. For this purpose, this study was conducted in 99 tomato genotypes that were screened for resistance against Meloidogyne incognita in molecular and screening assays. Results revealed that Mi gene was only determined in one genotype (Tom113). The result of the screening assay indicated that one of the genotypes (Tom113) showed an immune reaction against the nematode; two genotypes (Tom146, Tom141) were found intermediate; 17 genotypes moderately susceptible, 43 genotypes susceptible and 36 genotypes found highly susceptible. Results of the screening assay confirmed the presence of Mi gene in a tomato genotype, which accompanied with a decreased ability for the nematode in causing the infection. Immune and some promising genotypes are thought as important genetic tools for breeding studies for future works.Öğe Effect of purpureocillium lilacinum on root lesion nematode, pratylenchus thornei(2018) Kepenekci, İlker; Toktay, Halil; Oksal, Erçin; Bozbuğa, Refik; İmren, MustafaWheat (Triticum spp.) is highly susceptible to the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, which causes excessive amounts of crop losses each year. In this research, we investigated the cumulative effect of the biocontrol agent Purpureocillium lilacinum (syn: Paecilomyces lilacinus) against P. thornei. Three doses of P. lilacinum (106 , 107 and 108 conidia cultures mL-1) with one dose of 400 P. thornei individuals (adults and juveniles) mL-1 were applied in 100 cm3 soil under greenhouse conditions. The number of nematodes in the soil and root in addition to total nematode in soil+root were determined. Moreover, different plant parameters such as the plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight were evaluated. Applications with the higher dose of bio-agents (100 cm3 P. thornei infested soil with 108 conidia culture of P. lilacinum mL-1) exhibited maximal enhancement in dry and fresh weight of shoot and reduced P. thornei population. As a consequence, P. lilacinum individually was highly effective in enhancing different plant parameters and suppressing P. thornei reproduction. Overall, present findings suggest that the exploitation of the biocontrol agent P. lilacinum could be helpful for effective management of the root lesion nematode P. thornei.Öğe Effects of some indigenous plant extracts on mortality of the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen(Springeropen, 2016) Kepenekci, İlker; Toktay, Halil; Sağlam, Hayriye Didem; Erdoğuş, Dolunay; İmren, MustafaThe genus of root lesion nematodes (RLN), Pratylenchus, feeds and reproduces in the root cortex of many plant species. RLN was reproduced on carrot culture by using a pure culture. In vitro tests were carried out to determine the effects of plant extracts from three indigenous plants: henbane, Hyoscyamus niger; bead-tree, Melia azedarah and common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium on P. thornei (the major wheat root-lesion nematode). The nematodes were exposed for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs in three concentrations of plant extracts. The effect of plant extracts was performed using the suspensions of P. thornei (100 nematodes ml(-1)) in distilled water. Distilled water was used as a control. All dishes were kept at 28 +/- 2 degrees C. The plant extracts of H. niger, M. azedarah and X strumarium exhibited highly promising mortality rate (100%) after 72 hours of exposure time. The result of this study suggests the studied plant extracts to be used for reducing the P. thornei population.Öğe Evaluation of Turkish wild Emmers (Triticum Dicoccoides Koern.) and wheat varieties for resistance to the root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei and Pratylenchus neglectus)(2015) Toktay, Halil; İmren, Mustafa; Elekcioğlu, İbrahim Halil; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.Root-lesion nematodes (RLN; Pratylenchus thornei and Pratylenchus neglectus) are serious plant parasitic nematodes that attack wheat roots and cause significant losses in grain quality and quantity worldwide. They are widely distributed in Turkish wheat growing areas and can be only controlled by growing resistant cultivars and nonhost crops. So far, there is no commercial wheat cultivar identified as completely resistant to the RLN is available. The objective of this research was to evaluate some Turkish wild Emmers (Triticum dicoccoides) and national spring wheat varieties for resistant to P. thornei and P. neglectus. In the experiments, 32 wild Emmers and 42 wheat cultivars were inoculated with P. thornei or P. neglectus individuals and grown under controlled conditions in a growth room for 9 weeks. The results showed that 25 and 35 wheat varieties were moderately resistant to P. thornei and P. neglectus, respectively. In total, 17 lines exhibiting multiple resistance reactions to both nematodes were in the same group with the check lines (p<0.05). The identified resistant wheat accessions showed improved levels of RLN resistance over current parents and could serve as an excellent genetic pool to be used in an efficient Turkish wheatbreeding programme.Öğe A GWAS to identify the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera filipjevi) resistance loci in diverse wheat prebreeding lines(Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Dababat, Abdelfattah; Arif, Mian Abdur Rehman; Toktay, Halil; Atiya, Osameh; Shokat, Sajid; Orakçı, Gül Erginbaş; İmren, MustafaYield losses because of cereal cyst nematodes could be as high as 92%, causing a bottleneck for wheat production. An integrated approach (application of pesticides, crop rotation, and use of host resistance) is needed to manage this devastating pathogen where resistant cultivars are considered most effective. This necessitates the identification of nematode-resistant sources in the available germplasm. Here, we report on the genetic mapping of nematode resistance in 255 diverse prebreeding lines (PBLs) employing an association mapping strategy. Altogether, seven additive quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 6B, and 6D explaining a maximum of 9.42% phenotypic variation where at least five QTL (on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 6B, and 6D) are located on the same chromosomes that harbor the already known nematode resistance genes. Resistant PBLs carried Aegilops squarrosa (436) in their pedigree which could be the possible source of positive alleles. To add to it, better yield performance of the identified nematode-resistant lines under stress conditions indicates that the germplasm can provide both nematode resistance and high-yielding cultivars.Öğe Heterodera schachtii (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) Associated with Cabbage-Cultivation Systems in Anatolia Region of Türkiye(Mdpi, 2024) Akyol, Gulsum Badel; Yuksel, Ebubekir; Elci, Eminur; Bozbuga, Refik; Dababat, Abdelfattah; Imren, Mustafa; Toktay, HalilHeterodera schachtii (Schmidt, 1871) (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) is one of the most widespread plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) associated with cabbages, which cause severe yield losses in cruciferous vegetables. This study aimed to improve the current understanding of the prevalence and detection of H. schachtii in the cabbage-growing areas of Ni & gbreve;de Province, T & uuml;rkiye. Field surveys were conducted between November and December 2021, and 100 soil samples were collected immediately after cabbage harvesting. Heterodera schachtii populations were identified by morphological and morphometric methods along with Internal Transcribed Spacer of the ribosomal region (ITS-rDNA) and Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit (COI-mtDNA) sequencing. The mean body length of H. schachtii was 463 +/- 7 mu m, while stylet and hyaline length ranged between 20.7-27.8 mu m and 20.1-32.1 mu m, respectively. Nearly half of the surveyed areas were infested with H. schachtii with a 41% incidence rate. However, the Merkez District had the highest proportion of infested fields with an over 51% incidence rate. The population density was determined in 41 samples with a mean of 79.5 cysts per 250 g of soil. These results will help to determine the control and management strategies of H. schachtii.Öğe Identification of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes having resistance against root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2015) Bozbuğa, Refik; Daşgan, Hayriye Yıldız; Akhoundnejad, Yelderem; İmren, Mustafa; Toktay, HalilRoot knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause immense yield losses in crops throughout the world. Use of resistant germplasms of plants limits the root knot nematode damages. In this study, 87 common bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) genotypes were screened against the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita to determine the resistance response under growth chamber conditions in Turkey. P. vulgaris genotypes were evaluated based on resistance index (RI); root galling severity and nematode egg mass production on a 1-9 scale. The nematode negatively influenced the growth (fresh weight) of bean genotypes. At the completion of the study, 13 bean genotypes were found as immune (Sehirali), highly resistant (TR42164, Seleksiyon 5, Seker Fasulye, Fas-Agadir-Suk-1) and moderately resistant (Acik Badem, TR68587, TR43477, TR53827, TR28018, Gülnar-3, Siyah Fasulye, Kibris Amerikan) against M. incognita thus suggesting the use of such genotypes in breeding studies as a parental material to develop the root knot nematode resistant cultivars. © 2015, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All Rights Reserved.Öğe Incidence of cereal cyst nematodes in the East Anatolia Region in Turkey(Russian Acad Sci, Inst Parasitology, 2015) Toktay, Halil; İmren, Mustafa; Öcal, Atilla; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Viaene, NicoleCereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp., CCN) are major economic plant-parasitic nematodes of wheat grown in the East Anatolian region of Turkey. Identification of CCN species is essential for choosing the right control strategy. The morphological and molecular characteristics of cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.) were determined for specimens collected from wheat fields from different provinces of the East Anatolia region in Turkey. Fifty-six percent of wheat fields were infested with cereal cyst nematodes. Based on morphological characterisations and molecular techniques, two Heterodera species, H. filipjevi and H. latipons, were identified. Heterodera filipjevi was the dominant species in the wheat fields of Elazig, Malatya, Sivas, Erzurum, Erzincan, Igdir and Kars provinces, while H. latipons was found only in three provinces (Erzincan, Elazig and Malatya). This is the first detection of H. latipons in the East Anatolia region. Genetic dissimilarity was higher within H. filipjevi populations than within H. latipons populations. While intraspecific polymorphism was not observed within H. latipons, it was recorded in H. filipjevi populations. Our results showed a clear separation of the two cyst nematode species using both morphological and molecular tests, and confirmed the link between genetic and morphological traits.Öğe Investigation the Efficiency of Resistance Gene, Cre1, Against Mediterranean Cereal Cyst Nematode: Heterodera latipons Franklin (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2014) Imren, Mustafa; Kasapoglu, Ece Bortecine; Dababat, Abdelfattah; Toktay, Halil; Elekcioglu, Ibrahim HalilCereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera avenae group) are important pests of wheat; they include the three most important species of cereal cyst nematodes: Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, H. latipons Franklin and H. filipjevi (Madzhidov) in Turkey that were determined in different wheat growing areas. It was reported that Mediterranean cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera latipons which is widely found in the centre of the durum wheat growing area -South-eastern Anatolia region-in our country was reaching the economical threshold in many locations. It is known that the use of resistant/tolerant wheat varieties is the most effective controlling method against cyst nematodes in the wheat cultivation. Nowadays, nine different resistance genes (Cre genes), which are transferred from wild wheat species to wheat cultivated forms are available. In this study, the efficiency of the resistance gene, Cre1, against the population of H. latipons from Gaziantep (Karkamis) was investigated. In the study, 38 genotypes carrying Cre1 gene and 26 genomes lacking resistance genes; this gives a total 64 wheat genotypes which are produced by parental crossing of SILVERSTAR containing the resistance gene, Cre1, in its genome, SOKOLL, CALINGIRI, GOLDMARKER, CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(224)//OPATA, FRAME, STYLET and PASTOR were used against H. latipons in the experiment. Among the 64 genotypes; 20 were resistant, 32 were moderately resistant and 12 were moderately susceptible to the nematode. Ten resistant, 20 moderately resistant and 8 moderately susceptible lines were determined against H. latipons that these 38 lines carried the Cre1 gene in their genome. Within this study, the resistant gene, Cre1, was not found to be completely resistant against H. latipons, but its 78% efficiency rate was found to be successful: therefore, it was concluded that it can be used against H. latipons in national wheat breeding programs. Furthermore, PASTOR, SOKOLL and CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(224)//OPATA wheat genotypes were determined as good resistance source against H. latipons.Öğe Molecular characterization of heterodera SPP and pratylenchus SPP. from winter wheat in the East Anatolian Region of Turkey(Soc Nematologists, 2014) Toktay, Halil; İmren, Mustafa; Öcal, Atilla; Kasapoğlu, Ece Börteçine; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.Öğe Morphological and molecular identification of a new species Meloidogyne artiellia (Franklin) on wheat fauna in Turkey(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2014) Imren, Mustafa; Ozarslandan, Adem; Kasapoglu, Ece B.; Toktay, Halil; Elekcioglu, Ibrahim HalilRoot-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are among some of the most economically important plant parasitic nematodes in the world. It is known that the nematode belong to Meloidogyne genus causes significantly crop losses in vegetables and cereals. The root-knot nematodes, M. artiellia causes damages especially cereals, legumes and cruciferous crops. Isolates of M. artiellia recovered from root and soil samples collected from wheat fields in 2012 growing season were firstly identified by using morphological and molecular aspects in Hatay province of Turkey. M. artiellia was morphologically identified by using morphological features and allometric criteria of second stage juvenile and female. Also, it was molecularly identified by using the sequences of partial mitochondrial DNA cytochrome C oxidase subunit (COI) gene region and clearly separated from other species.Öğe Morphometric and genetic variability among Mediterranean cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera latipons) populations in Turkey(2018) İmren, Mustafa; Yıldız, Şenol; Toktay, Halil; Duman, Nagihan; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.The Mediterranean cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera latipons, is an important plant parasitic nematode that negatively impacts cereal production worldwide, particularly in the Mediterranean Basin. Successful control of cereal cyst nematodes requires knowledge of the nematode species/pathotypes and their biology. However, little information is currently available concerning the phenotypic and genotypic variability of H. latipons populations in Turkey. This study analyzed the morphological/morphometric and genetic characteristics of Turkish H. latipons populations to define intraspecific distinctions between them. Morphological and morphometric studies focused on the pattern of the perineal region of cysts and second stage juveniles (J2), while the molecular analyses used sequenced ITS-rDNA regions targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. The data from these investigations demonstrate that nematode populations from Adana and Hatay provinces differ from the populations collected in Kilis, Gaziantep, and Mardin provinces. These phenotypic and genotypic differences between H. latipons populations may indicate that they are heterogenic, with at least two pathotypes. To date, this study is the most comprehensive analysis identifying H. latipons populations in major wheatproducing areas of Turkey.Öğe Occurrence and identification of cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi (Nemata: Heteroderidae), in Bolu Province of Turkey(Organization Trop Amer Nematologists, 2016) İmren, Mustafa; Toktay, Halil; Kütük, Halil; Dababat, Abdelfattah AmerCereal cyst nematodes, Heterodera filipjevi, parasitize the roots of wheat and cause significant yield losses around the world. Cereal cyst nematodes are one of the most important and endemic problems in wheat-growing areas especially where rainfall is limited and monoculture crop production practices exist. In Turkey, cereal cyst nematodes are considered among the most damaging pests in wheat. Identifying cyst nematode species and determining their prevalence and distribution in Turkey are important for predicting potential spread in the future. This survey aimed to identify cyst nematode species and to assess their prevalence in cereal growing areas of Bolu province in Turkey. Cereal cyst nematode cysts were found in 83% of the surveyed fields. Prevalence of cysts was greater in cereal-growing areas in the provincial center and in the Gerede district. Morphological features of second-stage juveniles and cysts were examined, and DNA was extracted from second- stage juveniles and the species-specific Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ( SCAR) primers were used for molecular identification. Based on both morphological and molecular methods, all samples were identified as H. filipjevi. This study was the first comprehensive investigation of H. filipjevi prevalence in cereal fields in Bolu. This information is of value to alert personnel of wheat breeding programs to develop local resistant varieties to target H. filipjevi.
