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    Evaluation of the relationship between the prealbumin/fibrinogen ratio and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    (Amer Inst Mathematical Sciences-Aims, 2024) Tel, Burcin Meryem Atak; Tel, Ramiz; Duman, Tuba; Bilgin, Satilmis; Kaya, Hamza; Bardak, Halil; Aktas, Gulali
    Introduction: Our aim was to compare the prealbumin/fibrinogen ratio (PFR) of diabetic patient populations with or without diabetic nephropathy. Materials and methods: People with type 2 diabetes who attended the internal medicine outpatient clinic were enrolled in the study. Two groups were formed according to the proteinuria of the patients: Diabetic nephropathy and non-nephropathy group. Diabetic nephropathy was calculated using the mathematical formula of spot urine albumin/spot urine creatinine x100. Patients with proteinuria above 200 mg/g were considered to have nephropathy. PFR was simply calculated by dividing prealbumin by fibrinogen. Results: A total of 152 patients who attended our outpatient clinic were enrolled in the study. There were 68 patients in the diabetic nephropathy group and 84 in the non-nephropathy group. The prealbumin/fibrinogen ratios (PFR) were significantly lower in the nephropathic group [0.061 (0.02-0.16)] than the non-nephropathic group [0.0779 (0.01-0.75)] (p = 0.002). Conclusions: We suggest that decreased levels of PFR can indicate diabetic nephropathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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    Treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with heart conditions
    (ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2023) Aktaş, Gülali; Tel, Burçin Meryem Atak; Tel, Ramiz; Balcı, Buse
    IntroductionWhile type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of cardiac complications, diabetes treatment choices may increase or decrease the rates of cardiac events. In the present review, we comprehensively discussed the treatment options of diabetic subjects with cardiac conditions.Areas coveredCurrent evidence related to diabetes treatment in cardiac situations has been reviewed. Clinical trials and meta-analyses on cardiac safety of anti-diabetic medicines are discussed. Treatment choices with proven benefits and those at least without associated increased cardiac risk were drawn from clinical trials; meta-analyses and cardiac safety studies in the recent medical literature were the basis of the suggestions in the present review.Expert opinionWe can suggest that hypoglycemia and extreme hyperglycemia should be avoided in acute ischemic heart conditions. Certain diabetic treatment options, especially sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, can reduce overall cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization due to heart failure. Therefore, we suggest that physicians should choose SGLT2 inhibitors as the first-line treatment option in diabetic patients with heart failure or those who have a high risk of heart failure development. T2DM increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), and metformin and pioglitazone seem to reduce the risk of AF in diabetic population.