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Öğe Contribution of landraces in wheat breeding(Springer International Publishing, 2021) Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Tekin, Mehmet; Mustafa, Zemran; Hatipoğlu, Rüştü; Aktaş, Husnu; Alsaleh, AhmadAgricultural production system is extremely vulnerable to climate change, and this change will heavily affect the grain yields, thereby threating the food security worldwide. People from developing countries are at greatest risk of experiencing food insecurity, and today, millions of people are going to bed hungry. Wheat is serving as a staple food for millions of people around the world. Development of high-yielding wheat varieties during the Green Revolution is considered an important event in agricultural history. However, these plant breeding activities also resulted in genetic erosion in wheat. Moreover, it is also believed that after domestication process, selection process also resulted in the loss of genetic diversity of wheat. Therefore, commercial wheat cultivars are prone to various biotic and abiotic stresses. To combat with climate changes and to serve enough quantity of food with quality, there is a need to harness wheat landraces. Landraces are considered as repository of gene pool that enhance the biodiversity and maintain and stabilize the ecosystem in a sustainable way to make it functional. Wheat landraces are traditional crop populations developed by the farmers through natural and human selection under their years of cultivations and have adaptation to local environment and management practices. Wheat landraces have more genetic diversity compared to their cultivated ones, and breeding community has utilized their potential in development of climate-resilient wheat cultivars. Here, we are exploring the role of landraces in wheat breeding and hoping that provided information will catch the attention of breeding community to collect, conserve, and perform breeding activities using wheat landraces. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved.Öğe Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotiplerinin Dane Verimi ve Bazı Önemli Kalite Özellikleri için Trakya Bölgesinde Bulunan Farklı Çevrelerde Testlenmesi(2023) Gökdere, Halil Ibrahim; Yilmaz, Ali Baran; Tekin, Mehmet; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Çiftçi, VahdettinBu çalışma, toplamda 27 çeşit ve çeşit adaylarının dane verimi ve bazı önemli kalite özellikleri bakımından genotip x çevre etkileşimi temel bileşen, GGE biplot ve AMMI analizleri değerlendirmek amacıyla Trakya bölgesini temsil eden dört farklı çevrede 2020-2021 sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Denemeler tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü yürütülmüş olup ve tarımsal ve kalite özelliklerinden başaklanma gün sayısı, bitki boyu, dane verimi, bin dane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, dane sertliği, protein oranı, Zeleny sedimantasyon, Alveograf enerji değeri, yaş gluten oranı ve gluten indeksi çalışma kapsamında incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, dane veriminde en yüksek varyasyon Tekirdağ çevresinde belirlenmiş olup en yüksek verim ise Edirne çevresinde belirlenmiştir. GGE biplot analizine göre iki farklı mega çevre oluşmuş ve iki temel bileşen toplamda %89.97 genotip x çevre ilişkisini açıklamıştır. AMMI temelli varyans analizi sonucunda ise genotip, çevre, tekerrrür ve genotip x çevre interaksiyonu bakımından istatistiki olarak önemli etkiler tespit edilmiştir. En stabil genotipler ise Ez11 ve Rumeli olarak belirlenirken LG Arnova çeşidi dört çevrede de öne çıkan dört genotipten biri olmuştur. Korelasyon analizine sonucunda kalite özellikleri arasında istatistiki olarak önemli (p<0.05) pozitif ilişkiler tespit edilirken dane verimi ile diğer tarımsal ve kalite özellikleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki belirlenmemiştir. İlk dört temel bileşen 1’in üzerinde eigen değerine sahip olarak bulunmuş ve varyasyonun %74’ünden fazlasını açıklamıştır. LG Arnova, Artek, Axum, Alpan ve Vassa çeşit/çeşit adayları özellikle dane verimi bakımından ilgili çevrelerde öne çıkan çeşitler olmuşlardır. Bu konuda daha detaylı sonuçlar elde etmek için genotiplerin ilgili çevrelerde daha uzun süreyle denenmesi gerekmektedir.Öğe Wild Relatives and Their Contributions to Wheat Breeding(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Tekin, Mehmet; Emiralioğlu, Orkun; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Çiftçi, Vahdettin; Baloch, Faheem ShehzadThe world is witnessing simultaneous problems of climate change and rapidly increasing population. Research activities have confirmed that the climate change scenario will become more and more adverse and will put extra pressure on the agriculture to produce enough food to feed this and upcoming generations. Wheat is one of the staple crops, serving as a source of nutrition for millions of people all over the world. However, human activities resulted in the genetic erosion in wheat cultivars. Keeping this in view, wheat breeders need new genetic resources having novel alleles that can be used to develop cultivars having higher production, better quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Wild relatives of wheat are promising genetic resources having novel genetic variations that have been used in ensuring food and nutritional security, economic development, as well as environmental sustainability. Technological advances in biotechnology and genomics have broadened our scientific understandings regarding phylogenetic relationships among wheat species and consequently have opened new avenues to reconsider the potential of wheat wild relatives and to provide a context for how we can employ them in future wheat breeding programs. This chapter is focused on revealing the contribution of wild relatives in wheat breeding. We made our best effort by compiling existing information regarding the wild relatives and their contributions to wheat breeding. We are confident that provided information will be helpful to the wheat breeders to utilize wheat wild relatives for future wheat breeding. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
