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Öğe Akuaponik Yetiştiricilik Sisteminde Farklı Bitkilerin Besin Dinamiği(2018) Türker, HakanDOI: 10.26650/ASE201813Bu çalışmada modern ve sürdürülebilir üretim metotlarından olan akuaponik sisteminde farklı dönemlerde yetiştirilen bitkilerin su kalitesindeki performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Kurulan akuaponik üretim sisteminde koi, Cyprinus carpio var. Koi, balıklarının ve farklı bitkilerin (yapraklı bitki olarak; marul, Lactuca sativa var. Crispa, ve meyveli bitki olarak; çilek, Fragaria sp.,) büyüme performansı, makro besinlerin döngüsü ve bitkilerin su kalitesi parametrelerine etkileri izlenmiştir. Balık ve bitki üretim üniteleri ve filtreleme ünitelerinden oluşan akuaponik üretim sistemde yapılan denemelerde makro besinlerin sistemden giderilme oranları marul uygulamasında fosfat için %42,95 ve nitrat için %55,45 ve çilek uygulamasında da fosfat için %35,49 ve nitrat için %46,36 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonucundan bulgulara göre marul ile yapılan denemede, genel olarak makro besinlerin ortamdan giderilmesi çilek ile yapılan denemelere göre daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada elde edilen makro besinlerin giderilme oranları, yetiştiricilikte artan çözünmüş besinlerin etkili bir şekilde azaldığını göstermiş bu üretim sisteminin çevre-dostu ve sürdürülebilir bir metot olduğunu doğrulamıştır.Öğe Antibacterial activities of extracts from some Turkish endemic plants on common fish pathogens(2009) Türker, Hakan; Yıldırım, Birinci Arzu; Karakaş, Fatma Pehlivan; Köylüoğlu, HilalAntibacterial activities of 24 alcoholic and aqueous extracts from 8 endemic Turkish plants (Crocus abantensis, Crocus ancyrensis, Galanthus plicatus subsp. byzantinus, Paronychia chionaea, Astragalus gymnolobus, Trifolium pannonicum subsp.elongatum, Eryngium bithynicum, and Convolvulus galaticus) of 7 different families were screened. Antibacterial activity was carried out with 5 different fish pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia ruckeri, Streptococcus agalactia, Lactococcus garvieae, and Enterococcus faecalis). Crude extracts of endemic plant extracts were applied against the bacteria using the disc diffusion method under in vitro conditions. A. hydrophila was the only inhibited bacteria from all alcoholic and aqueous extracts of C. ancyrensis, G. plicatus, T. pannonicum, P. chionaea, and A. gymnolobus. The alcoholic extracts of T. pannonicum among all of the plant extracts showed a broad antibacterial spectrum against A. hydrophila, Y. ruckeri, S. agalactia, and L. garvieae except E. faecalis. Among the studied endemic plants, T. pannonicum is a promising source for natural compounds having antimicrobial activity on fish pathogens.Öğe Antibacterial activity of some aromatic plant essential oils against fish pathogenic bacteria(2018) Yıldırım, Arzu Birinci; Türker, HakanEssential oils of twenty-four plant species were obtained by hydrodistillation and investigated for their antibacterial effects against seven fish pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum, Yersinia ruckeri, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus agalactiae). The antibacterial activity results of the essential oils obtained by disc diffussion method showed strong activities against all pathogens. In general, whole essential oils except Artemisia absinthium exhibited strong antibacterial effects against the most of the fish pathogens. However, the essential oil of A. absinthium showed weak antibacterial effect against only A. hydrophila. Mostly seven essential oils of the plants (T. spicata, T. vulgaris, L. nobilis, C. verum, H. plicatum and A. citriodora Paláu) among twenty-four essential oils exhibited good antibacterial activity against all fish pathogens. When compared to the tested antibiotics (furazolidon, oxytetracycline, cephalothin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole), the antibacterial effects of essential oils were mostly obtained equivalent or stronger. Considering the antibacterial activity results of the essential oils, their alternative use in lieu of antimicrobial agents against bacterial fish diseases might be convenient in the aquaculture.Öğe Bolu yöresine ait bazı bitkilerin doku kültürü yöntemiyle çoğaltılması(2006) Türker, Uçar Arzu; Gürel, Ekrem; Türker, Hakan; Yücesan, Bahtiyar Buhara; Cansever, Esra-Öğe Clearance rates of suspended particulate organic carbon by Nile tilapia with a dual pattern of filter feeding(Lab Research Fish Diseases, 2004) Türker, HakanThe filter-feeding activity of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., was observed during a 24-h feeding cycle for five consecutive days. The feeding activity was high from afternoon to midnight, with a peak after dusk, and lowest from midnight to morning. The clearance rate of cyanobacteria dominated water was estimated during the low morning and high evening feeding periods. The tilapia cleared 34 mg C/l suspended particulate organic carbon in 4.5 h during the reduced morning period (beginning 07:00) and 45 mg C/l in 1 h during the peak evening period (beginning 20:30). Clearance rates of the cyanobacterial water were 13.4+/-1.2 l/kg fish/h in the morning and 66+/-3.6 l/kg fish/h in the evening.Öğe Effect of total isoflavones found in soybean on vitellogenin production in common carp(2009) Türker, Hakan; Bozcaarmutlu, AzraBalık diyetlerinde temel protein kaynağı olan balık ununun yerine soya fasulyesi yemi yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Fakat soya fasulyesinin fitoestrojenik özellikleri balıklarda üremeyi etkileyeceğinden, diyetlerde soya fasulyesi bazlı yemlerin kullanılması endişe oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda hazırlanan toplam isoflavon içeren soya fasülyesi özütleri ile sazangil balıklarında vitellojenin proteini üretimi arasında bir ilişkinin olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Beş farklı dozda (içerdikleri toplam isofavon oranlarına göre 0, 250, 500, 1.000 ve 10.000 mg/kg) hazırlanan ticari soya fasulyesi özütleri fitoestrojen konsantrasyonlarının vitellojenin sentezine etkisini belirlemek için dişi ve erkek sazanda, Cyprinius carpio L., test edilmiştir. Bütün balık grupları içinde özütlerin büyümeye etkisinde herhangi bir farklılık bulunamamıştır. Soya özütlerinin bütün konsantrasyonları erkeklerde GSI değerini düşürmüş, fakat dişilerin GSI değerinde 500 mg/kg soya özütü konsantasyonuna kadar arttırmış daha sonra da yüksek dozlarda da düşürmüştür. Bu da plazma içindeki vitellojenin seviyesinin inhibisyonu ve indüklenmesi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. GSI ve vitellojenin değerindeki değişikliklerin, fitoestrojenlere maruz kalan bireyleri belirleyebilecek hassas bir belirteç olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Daha yüksek dozlardaki isoflavonlar her iki cinsiyetteki balıklar için daha fazla vitellojenin üretmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda fitoestrojen içeren soya fasulyesi özütleriyle hazırlanan yemlerle beslenen her iki cinsiyetteki balıkların vitellojenin üretiminin indüklenmesi açıkça gösterilmiştir. GSI değerleri ve yüksek oranda vitellojenin üretimi, fitoestrojen içeren soya fasulyesinin balıkların endokrin sistemlerinde tahrip edici etkisi olduğunu işaret etmiştir. Balık yemlerinin hazırlanmasında, endokrin bozucu etkiye sahip olan soya fasulyesi ürünlerinin kullanımı dikkate alınması gereken bir husus olmalıdır.Öğe The effect of water temperature on standard and routine metabolic rate in two different sizes of Nile tilapia(2011) Türker, HakanBalıkların metabolik oranı dolaylı olarak solunum oranları (oksijen tüketimleri) ile ölçülür. Solunum besinlerin içinde yer alan enerjinin aerobik dönüşümü için oksijen sağlar. Solunum verileri biyoenerjetik modellerin kurulmasında, belirteç olarak değişmiş çevre koşullarında ve yetiştirme ünitelerinin taşıma kapasitesinin tahmininde önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, 52.1±0.3 ve 205.4±0.5 g ağırlığındaki Nil tilapyalarının, Oreochromis niloticus, standart ve rutin metabolik oranları 19, 22, 25, 28 ve 31°C su sıcaklıklarında bilgisayara bağlı zaman ayarlı sürekli akan solunum ölçer ile belirlenmiştir. İki farklı vücut ağırlığındaki Nil tilapyalarının, su sıcaklığı ve oksijen tüketim oranı arasındaki ilişki en iyi üssel model olarak ifade edilmiştir.Öğe Effects of environmental contaminants and natural substances on vitellogenesis in Tilapia primary hepatocytes(2011) Türker, Hakan; Takemura, AkihiroThe efficacy of estrogenic chemicals and plant materials were assessed to stimulate the vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis in an in vitro system based on primary cultures of hepatocytes from female and E2-primed male Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Isolated hepatoyctes treated with nonylphenol (NP), bisphenol-A (BP), octylphenol (OP), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and the combination (ALL) as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), Solgen 40®, SG40, as a commercial phytoestrogens and plant extracts (fenugreek, FG; aniseed, AS; safflower, SF; flaxseed, FS; fennel, FN; liqurice, LR; pomegranate, PG; soybean, SB) as natural substances, respectively, and their estrogenic activity were compared to control (ethanol treated hepatoyctes). Hepatic VTG levels in medium were determined by ELISA in the primary hepatocytes culture. All tested compounds induced secretion of VTG in hepatocytes of female as well as male tilapia. The induction of the hepatic response was not statistically different when each compounds was compared to control with HCH from EDCs and FG, AS, FN, LQ and PG from plant extracts in female and all cases of EDCs and plant extracts (except SG40 and SB) in male hepatoyctes. The EDCs and plant materials tested were considerably less potent than estradiol. Sensitive tilapia hepatoycte assay for measuring VTG are valuable tools for identifying the presence of environmental estrogens.Öğe Evaluation of some traditional medicinal plants: Phytochemical profile, antibacterial and antioxidant potentials(Ars Docendi, 2021) Türker, Arzu Uçar; Yıldırım, Arzu Birinci; Taş, İsa; Özkan, Erva; Türker, HakanBioassays provide an authentication of the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. Antibacterial, antioxidant and phenolic content of nine medicinal plants (Achillea millefolium, Prunella vulgar's, P. laciniata, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium angustifolium, E. hirsutum, Pedicularis comosa, Agrimonia eupatoria and Verbena officinalis) were investigated in connection with folkloric usages. Aerial parts of nine plant species were extracted with water and methanol (MeOH). Disc diffusion method was performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extracts against ten pathogenic bacteria. Antioxidant activity was determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical photometric assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were investigated by using Folin-Ciocaltaeu and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method, respectively. Quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents of nine plants species were performed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) via chosen ten phenolic standards (gallic acid monohydrate, caffeic acid, rutin hydrate, luteolin-7-O-beta-D glucoside, kaempferol, rosmarinic acid, myricetin, quercetin, coumarin and apigenin). E. hirsutum showed the best antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (S auerus, S. epidermidis and S. pyogenes). L. salicaria also demonstrated strong and broad spectrum antibacterial activity. P. laciniata, L. salicaria and E. angustifolium showed potent antioxidant activity. The highest phenolic and flavonoid content was observed with E. hirsutum and A. millefolium, respectively. L. salicaria also had very high amount of total phenol and flavonoid content. HPLC-DAD analysis displayed that P. laciniata and A. eupatoria were the best sources of rosmarinic acid. Furthermore, V officinalis and P. vulgaris also had remarkable amount of rutin. This study revealed the scientific rationale behind the traditional knowledge of the tested plants. Consistent with traditional usages, the most prominent plants were L. salicaria, E. hirsutum and E. angustifolium in regard to strong antibacterial and antioxidant potentials. These plants may be proper natural sources with potential applications in pharmaceutical and food industry.Öğe Farklı renklerdeki ışıkların Nil Tilapyası'nın (Oreochromis niloticus L.) büyümesine etkileri(2009) Türker, HakanNil tilapyası (Oreochromis niloticus) günümüzde kapalı devre akuakültür sistemlerinde çekiciliği artan yeni bir tür olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu koşul içinde tilapyanın performansının anlaşılması sistemin tasarım ve yönetiminde önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Nil tilapyası yavrularının farklı ışık renkleri altında büyüme performansının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Balıklar mavi (436-495 nm), yeşil (495-566 nm), kırmızı (627-780 nm) ve kontrol olarak gün ışığı (566-589 nm) olarak dört adet farklı ışık spektrumuna tabi olan tanklarda (n=2) 120 gün boyunca yetiştirilmiştir. Yeşil ışık spektrumu altındaki balıklarda diğer uygulamalara göre ağırlık artışı istatistiksel olarak daha fazladır ve yem değerlendirme oranının da daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür. Büyümede mavi ve kırmızı renkli ışık uygulamaları arasında bir fark bulunmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, yeşil ışık yoğun kültür koşulları altında Nil tilapyasının büyümesinin en fazla olması için bir yetiştiricilik stratejisinin geliştirileceği zaman dikkate alınmalıdır.Öğe In vitro antibacterial and antitumor efficiency of some traditional plants from Turkey(Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2018) Türker, Arzu Uçar; Yıldırım, Arzu Birinci; Karakaş, Fatma Pehlivan; Türker, HakanTraditional usages of medicinal plants can be justified scientifically with bioassays. Three different extracts (aqueous, methanol and ethanol) of 11 Turkish traditional plants [Mentha longifolia (L.) L., Lamium album subsp. crinitum (Montbret & Aucher ex Benth.) Mennema, Sideritis taurica Steph. ex Willd., Hypericum perforatum L., Hypericum linarioides Bosse, Cyanus triumfettii (All.) Dostal ex A. Love & D. Love, Daphne oleoides Schreb., Anemone nemorosa L., Polygonatum orientale Desf., Cynoglossum montanum L. and Hyoscyamus niger L.] were evaluated for their antibacterial and antitumor potentials. Antibacterial activity was evaluated with 3 Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes) and 7 Gram-negative (Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae and Escheria coli) bacteria by using disc diffusion method. Ethanol and methanol extracts of S. taurica, and all extracts of H. perforatum and H. linarioides showed the best antibacterial activities against tested Gram-positive bacteria. Aqueous extract of L. album displayed the best inhibition against Streptococcus pyogenes. Antitumour potential was revealed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced potato disc tumor assay. Strong antitumor activity was observed with ethanol and methanol extracts of L. album (90 % and 80 %, respectively). This study ascertained the scientific rationale behind the traditional knowledge of S. taurica, H. perforatum, H. linarioides, L. album and D. oleoides. Identification of active components should be investigated for plant extracts having strong antibacterial and antitumor activities in further studies.Öğe Lichens as a promising natural antibacterial agent against fish pathogens(Eur Assoc Fish Pathologists, 2019) Taş, İsa; Yıldırım, Arzu; Özyiğitoğlu, Gülşah Çobanoğlu; Türker, Hakan; Türker, ArzuLichens are symbiotic organisms composed of fungi and algae. They have been used as a treatment of various diseases through the ages. This study was carried out to investigate the potential antibacterial effects of 13 lichen species (Anaptychia ciliaris, Bryoria capillaris, Cetraria islandica, Evernia divaricata, Evernia prunastri, Letharia vulpina, Lobaria pulmonaria, Platismatia glauca, Pseudoevernia furfuracea, Ramalina farinacea, Ramalina fastigiata, Ramalina fraxinea, and Usnea florida) against six common fish bacterial pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Yersinia ruckeri). Acetone, methanol and water extracts of lichen species were evaluated by using disc diffusion method. The majority of the lichen species exhibited antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, E. faecalis and L. garvieae by the inhibition zones between 7.0 +/- 0.0-28.5 +/- 0.5 (mm +/- SE). However, none of the lichens produced an inhibitory effect against A. salmonicida and Y. ruckeri. In general, acetone extractions were found to be more effective than methanol and water extractions. This is the first report related to the bioactivity of lichens that especially focuses on fish pathogens. The study suggested that lichens may be a possible source of natural antibacterial agents in the fishery and aquaculture industries.Öğe Priming effects of xenoestrogen treatments on vitellogenin synthesis under in vitro and in vivo conditions in the Mozambique tilapia(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Türker, Hakan; Takemura, AkihiroÖğe Screening for antibacterial activity of some Turkish plants against fish pathogens : a possible alternative in the treatment of bacterial infections(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Türker, Hakan; Yıldırım, Arzu BirinciThe antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous crude extracts from 36 plants in Turkey, including seven endemic species, against fish pathogens was studied using the disc diffusion assay. The extract that was most active against all microbial strains, except Aeromonas salmonicida, was that of Dorycnium pentaphyllum. Some of the extracts also showed a very broad spectrum of potent antimicrobial activity. The extract of Anemone nemorosa showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Vibrio anguillarum. V. anguillarum, a Gram-negative bacterium, appeared to be the most susceptible to the plant extracts used in this experiment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antimicrobial activity of 11 of the studied plants. The preliminary screening assay indicated that some of the Turkish plants with antibacterial properties may offer alternative therapeutic agents against bacterial infections in aquaculture industry.Öğe Sensitivity of bacteria isolated from fish to some medicinal plants(2009) Türker, Hakan; Yıldırım, Arzu Birinci; Karakaş, Fatma PehlivanAlcoholic and aqueous extracts from 22 species of herbs from Bolu (Turkey) were screened for antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia ruckeri, Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis. Extracts with various solvent of Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea alba, Stachys annua, Genista lydia, Vinca minor, Fragaria vesca, Filipendula ulmaria, Helichrysum plicatum showed the highest inhibitory activity. The ethanolic extract of V. minor and the alcoholic and aqueous extract of N. lutea displayed a broad antibacterial spectrum against the target organisms. The possible usage of herbs as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics is discussed.
