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    Biological activity of some medicinal plants sold in turkish health-food stores
    (2006) Türker, Arzu; Usta, Canan
    25 medicinal plants from health-food stores in Turkey were assessed for their antimicrobial and allelopathic potential. Antibacterial activity was carried with six different species of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) by using disc diffusion method. Aqueous extracts of cinchona, rosemary, marjoram, balm leaf and sumac gave the best inhibitory activity against the all used bacteria. Cinchona, rosemary, sumac and wormwood showed a broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Allelopathic potential was determined with radish seed bioassay. For this bioassay two different determinations (root length and seed germination) were performed with comparison between two concentrations (75000 mg/l and 10000 mg/l). Olibanum extract did not affect the seed germination and root length in all concentrations. Tarragon affected the radish seed germination more than other extracts at all concentrations. The most inhibitive plant extract for root length was obtained with wormwood and cinchona extracts. Tarragon, wormwood and cinchona exhibited the most and olibanum exhibited the least allelopathic potential than other extracts. © 2006 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
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    Biological screening of various medicinal plant extracts for antibacterial and antitumor activities
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2012) Karakaş, Fatma Pehlivan; Yıldırım, Arzu; Türker, Arzu
    Bioassays of 2 types (antibacterial and antitumor) were performed to show the biological activities of 16 different plants grown in Bolu, Turkey: Clinopodium vulgare L. subsp. vulgare L., Salvia verticillata L. subsp. amasiaca (Frey & Bornm.) Bornm., Salvia tomentosa Mill., Mentha pulegium L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Desr., Melilotus alba Desr., Medicago lupulina L., Galega officinalis L., Xeranthemum annuum L., Cichorium intybus L., Plantago lanceolata L., Plantago major L. subsp. major, Fumaria officinalis L., Galium palustre L., Echium vulgare L., and Sambucus nigra L. For each plant, 3 different extracts (aqueous, ethanol, and methanol) were obtained, and a total of 48 extracts were evaluated. Antibacterial activity was evaluated with 10 bacteria, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae by disk diffusion method. All plants except M. alba, M. lupulina, X. annuum, G. palustre, and S. nigra showed inhibitory activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The best inhibitory activity was observed with aqueous extract of M. officinalis (22.5 mm); it performed better than all positive controls (erythromycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol; 7-20 mm) against P. aeruginosa. Antitumor activity was evaluated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced potato disk tumor assay. The best antitumor activity was obtained with the methanolic extract of M. alba and aqueous extract of F. officinalis (100% tumor inhibition).
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    A comparison of organically and conventionally grown artichokes: Phenolic constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities
    (Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2020) Yıldırım, Arzu; Başay, Sevinç; Türker, Arzu
    Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant belonging to Asteraceae family. It is one of the most suitable plants for growing organically. Artichoke has been used as choleretic. hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial. cholesterol-reducing, and diuretic in traditional medicine. Artichoke has been cultivated worldwide because of its nutritional value and medicinal properties. In this study organically and conventionally grown artichokes were compared in terms of phenolic constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Artichoke leaves, bracts, and floral receptacles obtained from 2 different sources (organic and conventional) were freeze-dried, powdered, and extracts were prepared with methanol. Phenolic constituents (chlorogenic acid, cynarin, luteolin, and apigenin) were analysed by HPLC-DAD system. It was found that organic farming enhanced cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and luteolin amounts in receptacle (edible part). Organically grown leaves had also higher amounts of cynarin and chlorogenic acid than conventional ones. Cynarin amount was higher by 35% in organic receptacle and 20% in organic leaves. Organic farming also augmented the antioxidant property and flavonoid content of edible parts of the artichoke. Additionally, organically grown leaves had the highest antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid contents. Antibacterial activity was observed with both organic and conventional leaves only against Staphylococcus epidermidis. ibis comparative study revealed that organic fanning enhanced the health-beneficial medicinal values of artichoke's heart and leaves.
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    Does stinging nettle (urtica dioica) have an effect on bone formation in the expanded inter-premaxillary suture?
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Irgın, Celal; Çörekçi, Bayram; Ozan, Fatih; Halıcıoğlu, Koray; Toptaş, Orçun; Yıldırım, Arzu Birinci; Türker, Arzu; Yılmaz, Fahri
    Objective: To determine whether systemically given stinging nettle (SN) has an effect on bone formation in response to expansion of the rat inter-premaxillary suture. Materials and methods: A total of 28 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control (C), only expansion (OE), SN extract given only during the expansion and retention periods (SN group; a total of 17 days), and SN extract given during the nursery phase before expansion (a period of 40 days) and during the expansion and retention periods (N + SN group; a total of 57 days). After the 5-day expansion period was completed, the rats in the OE, SN, and N + SN groups underwent 12 days of mechanical retention, after which they were sacrificed, and their premaxilla were dissected and fixed. A histologic evaluation was done to determine the number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and capillaries, as well as the number and intensity of inflammatory cells and new bone formation. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in all histologic parameters except the ratio of intensities of inflammatory cells. New bone formation and the number of capillaries were significantly higher in the SN groups than in the other groups. The statistical analysis also showed that the numbers of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and capillaries were highest in the N + SN group. Conclusion: Systemic administration of SN may be effective in accelerating new bone formation and reducing inflammation in the maxillary expansion procedure. It may also be beneficial in preventing relapse after the expansion procedure. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Effect of St John's Wort on bone formation in the orthopaedically expanded premaxillary suture in rats : a histological study
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2015) Halıcıoğlu, Koray; Çörekçi, Bayram; Akkaş, İsmail; Irgın, Celal; Özan, Fatih; Yılmaz, Fahri; Türker, Arzu
    Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of systemic St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) on bone formation in the expanded premaxillary suture in rats. Materials/Methods: A total of 28 rats were randomly divided into four groups of equal numbers: control (C); only expansion (OE); St John's wort extract given only during the expansion and retention period (a total of 17 days; SJW group); and St John's wort extract given during the nursery phase before expansion (a period of 40 days), and during the expansion and retention periods (a total of 57 days; N + SJW group). After the 5 day expansion period was completed, the rats in the OE, SJW, and N + SJW groups underwent 12 days of mechanical retention, following which they were killed, and their premaxilla dissected and fixed. Histological examination was performed to determine the number of osteoclasts and capillaries, as well as the number of osteoblasts, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the amount of new bone formation. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the number of osteoclasts and capillaries, and the inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as new bone formation, were higher in the SJW and N + SJW groups than in the other groups. However, statistical analysis demonstrated that among these two groups, all parameters, with the exception of the number of capillaries, were higher in the N + SJW group than the SJW group. Conclusions/Implications: Although more effective in long-term usage, systemic use of St John's wort hastens new bone regeneration at the premaxillary suture and may help prevent relapse after expansion.
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    The effects of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) extracts on isolated ileum contractions
    (Amer Assoc Clinical Chemistry, 2006) Serin, Erdinç; Karakaş, Alper; Türker, Arzu; Gündüz, Bülent
    European mistletoe (Viscum album L, Loranthaceae) is an evergreen, semiparasitic plant normally found growing on a variety of trees. Both in viva and in vitro studies have shown the cytotoxic, cardiotoxic, immunostimulant, hypoglycemic, antitumor and vasodilator effects of the extracts produced from this plant.
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    Enhancement of direct shoot regeneration and determination of bioactive secondary metabolites in leaves of Galega Officinalis L.
    (2016) Karakaş, Fatma Pehlivan; Şahin, Günce; Türker, Arzu
    Galega officinalis L. is a medicinal plant being used as a galactagogue and an antidiabetic in folk medicine. A new effective micropropagation protocol was established from leaf, stem, node, and root explants of G. officinalis for in vitro plant regeneration and callus induction systems. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 55 various concentrations and 4 different combinations [benzyl adenine (BA)/naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), BA/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), thidiazuron (TDZ)/indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and TDZ/IAA] of plant growth regulators was used for the regeneration systems. The regenerated shoots were observed on only nodal explants through direct organogenesis at the 35th day. The highest shoot number (7.13 ± 1.12 shoots per explants) was obtained from nodal explants on MS medium supplemented with a 1.0/0.25 mg L-1 BA/NAA combination. The largest (2 cm in diameter) green and compact callus formations were induced using root explants on MS medium supplemented with 2.0/2.0 mg L-1 BA/NAA. A total of 16 and 11 phenolic compounds from wild-grown and in vitro-grown leaves was detected by using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-multistage/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis, respectively. Levels of apigenin, luteolin, and chlorogenic acid in in vitro-grown leaves were higher than those in wild-grown leaves. These findings showed that micropropagation of G. officinalis can be potentially used as a new protocol for the production of beneficial secondary metabolites in pharmaceutical and supplemental food industries.
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    Evaluation of antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant activities and phenolic constituents of field-grown and in vitro-grown Lysimachia vulgaris L.
    (2017) Yıldırım, Arzu; Güner, Birgül; Pehlivan Karakaş, Fatma; Türker, Arzu
    BACKGROUND: Lysimachia vulgaris L. (Yellow loosestrife) is a medicinal plant in the family Myrsinaceae. It has been used in the treatment of fever, ulcer, diarrhea and wounds in folk medicine. It has also analgesic, expectorant, astringent and anti-inflammatory activities. Two different sources of the plant (field-grown and in vitro-grown) were used to evaluate the biological activities (antibacterial, antitumor and antioxidant) of L. vulgaris. In vitro-grown plant materials were collected from L. vulgaris plants that were previously regenerated in our laboratory.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plant materials were extracted with water, ethanol and acetone. For antibacterial test, disc diffusion method and 10 different pathogenic bacteria were used. Antioxidant activity was indicated by using DPPH method. The total phenol amount by using Folin-Ciocaltaeu method and the total flavonoid amount by using aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method were determined.RESULTS: Generally, yellow loosestrife extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes). Strong antitumor activity of yellow loosestrife was observed via potato disc diffusion bioassay. Nine different phenolics were also determined and compared by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).CONCLUSION: Future investigations should be focused on fractionation of the extracts to identify active components for biological activity.
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    Evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita maxima) in mice naturally infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera
    (Academic Journals Inc., 2015) Ayaz, Erol; Gökbulut, Cengiz; Coşkun, Hamit; Türker, Arzu; Özsoy, Şeyda; Ceylan, Kübra
    The aim of this study was to investigate the anthelmintic effect of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita maxima) against Aspiculuris tetraptera in naturally infected mice. For this purpose, the natural infection was determined by the cellophane tape (on the anal region), and the centrifugal flotation methods of stool samples in approximately 150 male Swiss albino mice (27 to 35 g). The infected mice (29 animals) were divided into four groups. The animals in the first (G1) and second groups (G2) received water and ethanol extracts of pumpkin seeds orally at the dose suggested for human for 7 days, respectively. The mice in the positive control group (G3) were treated with ivermectin intramuscularly at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight. The mice in fourth groups (G4) received the same amount of serum physiologic orally. The mice were housed in clean polypropylene cages and maintained under standard laboratory conditions at an ambient temperature of 20±2°C with 45% relative humidity and a 12 h light dark cycle. At the eighth day of the study, all animals were killed humanly following inhalation anaesthesia. After euthanasia, the number of parasites in the intestine was counted. Data obtained from the treatment groups were compared using one-way ANOVA. The percentage efficacy of the drugs was calculated. The results of the study showed that the efficacies for water (G1) or ethanol (G2) extracts of pumpkin seed and ivermectin were 81, 85 and 91% compared with the negative control, respectively. These results revealed that pumpkin seed has high anthelmintic activity against nematodes as well as its continued use in traditional medicine for the treatment of helminthiasis. © 2015.
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    In vitro plant regeneration in Lysimachia vulgaris L (Yellow Loosestrife)
    (Springer, 2010) Güner, Birgül; Türker, Arzu
    [No Abstract Available]
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    Intraperitoneal nigella sativa for prevention of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions in rats
    (Informa Healthcare, 2014) Karataş, Ahmet; Özlü, Tülay; Özyalvaçlı, Gülzade; Tosun, Mehmet; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Dönmez, Melahat Emine; Türker, Arzu
    Objective: To evaluate intraperitoneal administration of Nigella sativa (NS) to prevent postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion (PPA) after surgical manipulation of rat uterine horn. Materials and Methods: Two forms of NS were used in the study (Volatile oil (NSVO) and the ethanolic extract (NSEE)). A total of 50 rats were randomly assigned to the sham group (n = 10), control group (n = 10), NSVO group (n = 10), NSEE group (n = 10), and the Seprafilm group(n = 10). After 14 days, rats were sacrificed. Adhesions were examined macroscopically, and degree of adhesions was scored. A part of horn was excised, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities as well as malondialdehyde levels were evaluated, and histological score was calculated. Results: Total microscopic score of the NSEE groupwas significantly lower than the control group (p = .001) and was marginally significantly lower than the seprafilm group (p = .005). Collagen formation score was higher in the seprafilm group compared to the sham and NSEE groups (p < 0.001, p = .003, respectively). Apoptotic cells were lower in the NSEE group compared to the control group (p=. 003) and also lower in the NSEE and NSVO groups compared to the seprafilm group (p = .001, p < .001, respectively). Only SOD activity was higher in the NSVO and seprafilm groups compared to the control group (p < .001). Conclusion: NSEE form seems to have a possible effect in the prevention of PPAs. This may occur by its effect in decreasing collagen formation and by decreasing apoptosis in the injured tissues. NSVO form seems to induce SOD. Therefore, combined use of NSVO with seprafilm may increase the adhesion preventive effect of seprafilm.
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    An LCMSMS method to analyse phenolic profile in the liquid extract, with woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca l.) application
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2012) Şeker, Tamay; Yıldırım, Arzu; Türker, Arzu; Yücel, Meral
    The most of the bioactive compounds are found in trace amounts so, an efficient extraction procedure from a given tissue is a big problem. An efficient quantitative detection coupled to the extraction procedure is necessary in order to cover the whole phenomena. The increasing dissolution volume of the lyophilized sample may result in dilution of the total content of the phenolics. In choosing the analytical measurement method, the lower sample-enjection volume, the seperate detection of the phenolics having same UV absorbance, short run time and the sensitivity are the important parameters to prefer LCMSMS compared to the classical HPLC.
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    Lichens as a promising natural antibacterial agent against fish pathogens
    (Eur Assoc Fish Pathologists, 2019) Taş, İsa; Yıldırım, Arzu; Özyiğitoğlu, Gülşah Çobanoğlu; Türker, Hakan; Türker, Arzu
    Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of fungi and algae. They have been used as a treatment of various diseases through the ages. This study was carried out to investigate the potential antibacterial effects of 13 lichen species (Anaptychia ciliaris, Bryoria capillaris, Cetraria islandica, Evernia divaricata, Evernia prunastri, Letharia vulpina, Lobaria pulmonaria, Platismatia glauca, Pseudoevernia furfuracea, Ramalina farinacea, Ramalina fastigiata, Ramalina fraxinea, and Usnea florida) against six common fish bacterial pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Yersinia ruckeri). Acetone, methanol and water extracts of lichen species were evaluated by using disc diffusion method. The majority of the lichen species exhibited antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, E. faecalis and L. garvieae by the inhibition zones between 7.0 +/- 0.0-28.5 +/- 0.5 (mm +/- SE). However, none of the lichens produced an inhibitory effect against A. salmonicida and Y. ruckeri. In general, acetone extractions were found to be more effective than methanol and water extractions. This is the first report related to the bioactivity of lichens that especially focuses on fish pathogens. The study suggested that lichens may be a possible source of natural antibacterial agents in the fishery and aquaculture industries.
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    Organic and conventional solanaceous vegetables: Comparison of phenolic constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial potentials
    (AKADEMIAI KIADO ZRT, 2021) Basay, Sevinç; Türker, Arzu; Çimen, Ayça; Baba, Yavuz; Yıldırım, Arzu
    Interest in organic growing systems that means no harm to the environment, mankind, and the world's natural ecosystem is increasing. This study evaluated the impact of organic versus conventional cultivation method on eggplants (Topan-374 and Pala-49), tomatoes (Rio Grande and Pink), and bell pepper (Kandil dolma) considering individual phenols, total phenol-flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial potential. Peel and pulp of eggplants were evaluated separately. Organic cultivation enhanced trans-ferulic acid in the peels of both eggplant cultivars and the pulp of Pala-49. Organic Pala-49 had also higher amounts of cyanidin and caffeic acid in the peel, and only caffeic acid in the pulp. Chlorogenic acid was found in higher quantities in organic Rio Grande tomato and bell pepper. All organically grown vegetables in our study had significantly higher total phenol and flavonoid contents than conventional ones except Pink tomato. Organic farming significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of both eggplant cultivars. Only organic peel of Pala-49 eggplant cultivar had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Organic cultivation has an advantage in terms of antioxidant potential and phenolic constituents, and it enhanced the nutraceutical potential of both cultivars of eggplant, Rio Grande tomato, and bell pepper.
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    The reducing effect of fennel (Foeniculuin vulgaris) extracts on the uterine contractions changes according to the preparation method
    (Amer Assoc Clinical Chemistry, 2006) Serin, Erdinç; Karakaş, Alper; Türker, Arzu; Gündüz, Bülent
    Seeds of fennel are used in folk remedies for treatment of dysmenorrhea. This traditional usage might he related to anti-spasmodic effects of fennel. Menstrual pain that occur in the absence of visihle organic pcKic ongin is nominated primary dysmenorrhea. Several factors may involve in the uterine hypereontraetility including.