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    Optimal management of multiple water resources by a heuristic optimization for a water supply in the desert cities of Western Iraq
    (Desalination Publ, 2023) Eryiğit, Miraç; Sulaiman, Sadeq Oleiwi; Najm, Abu Baker Ahmed; Mhedi, Nebras Mahmood
    In the present study, two different cost-benefit functions in the related literature were compared to decide on optimum water resources for supplying the water of Rutba City, which is located in western Iraq within the administrative Anbar Province. One of the two objective functions is directly based on differences between daily incomes (water charge/m3) and expenses (electricity price of pump stations) (maximization) while another one is based on the distances and the piezometric head differences between the water resources and the city (minimization). The objective function used by Carini et al. [2] was modified by considering the pump flow. It was solved by the heuris-tic optimization model, which uses the modified clonal selection algorithm (the modified Clonalg), one of the artificial immune systems under the same constraints of the required daily water demand of the city, pump discharge capacities, and limits of withdrawing water from the water resources. After running the model, it was seen that the results of the objective function as a total daily net income obtained by Eryigit and Sulaiman [1] are better than the results of the modified func-tion of Carini et al. [2] (2,960 and 2,950 USD/d, 2,225 and 2,212.5 USD/d for the first and second six months of the year, respectively) for Rutba City in regards to the cost-benefit relationship.
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    Specifying optimum water resources based on cost-benefit relationship for settlements by artificial immune systems, case study: Rutba City, Iraq
    (Iwa Publishing, 2022) Eryiğit, Miraç; Sulaiman, Sadeq Oleiwi
    The present study aims to specify optimum water resources depending on a cost-benefit relationship for residential areas by heuristic optimization. For this purpose, a case study of Rutba City in Iraq was applied. It is planned that water demand of the city is supplied by four different pumped pipelines (Pipelines 1-4). An optimum water supply among these pipelines was determined by considering their daily incomes (water charge per m(3)) and expenses (electricity price of pump stations), and daily demand for the city. In order to solve this optimization problem, a heuristic optimization model using the modified Clonal Selection Algorithm, a class of Artificial Immune Systems, was improved. The algorithm was coded in Matlab programming language, and it was run ten times to test its stability. Two objective functions of total daily income and expense were simultaneously used for maximizing total daily net income under constraints of the required daily water demand of the city and pump discharge capacities. Also, another constraint was that total net income for ten years should afford the initial cost of the unconstructed pipeline 4. The results showed that the optimization model using the modified Clonal Selection Algorithm is useful and feasible for determining optimum water supply in terms of the cost-benefit relationship.