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    Alleviation of Cadmium Stress on Pollens of Quince Varieties Through Epibrassinolide
    (Springer, 2024) Muradoglu, Ferhad; Beyhan, Omer; Demir, Taki; Manzoor, Muhammad Arsalan; Sonmez, Ferit; Balik, Hueseyin Irfan
    Environmental factors significantly impact plant physiological processes, especially during pollination and fertilization. Pollen germination (PG) and pollen tube length (PTL), crucial in plant reproduction, are particularly vulnerable to environmental contaminants that affect fruit sets adversely. This study investigated the impact of varying cadmium (Cd) doses, a significant toxic heavy metal, and the alleviative potential of external 24-epibrassinolide (24-epiBL) applications on cadmium stress, determined through PG and PTL. Quince pollen viability rates, assessed using the TTC (2-3-5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) viability test, varied between 38.58% and 55.80%. PG and PTL rates decreased in response to higher Cd doses. The application of epiBL increased PG and PTL, but a notable decline was observed at the 2.00 mu M application. A positive relationship between the application dosage of epiBL and its alleviation effect on Cd stress on PG and PTL was observed except for the 2.00 mM. Results revealed variability in PG and PTL rates among quince varieties, and PG and PTL rates decreased with higher Cd doses. This study suggests that epiBL up to 0.50 mM is an efficient tool for alleviating Cd stress in quince pollens.
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    RESPONSE TO HEAVY METALS ON POLLEN VIABILITY, GERMINATION AND TUBE GROWTH OF SOME APPLE CULTIVARS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Muradoglu, Ferhad; Beyhan, Omer; Sonmez, Ferit
    Heavy metal toxicity is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to hazardous effects in plants and pollen are among the most sensitive to atmospheric pollution. Both pollen germination and tube length are inhibited by adverse environmental conditions. Pollen grains from three apple (Gala, Fuji and Braeburn) cultivars were tested for determination of pollen quality (pollen viability, germination ability and tube length) and five types of Heavy metals (Cd, Co, Pb, Hg and Zn). Viability of the pollens were determined by TTC test. The pollen germination experiments were conducted in petri dishes in 10% sucrose, 0.01% boric acid and 22 degrees C temperature for 3 hours. Among the cultivars highest pollen viability were recorded in Braeburn with 81.85%. Heavy metals lead to a significant decrease in pollen germination and tube length of apple cultivars. It was found that there were different cultivars with variable sensitivity to heavy metals on pollen germination and tube length. In general, increasing heavy metal treatments inhibited pollen germination and tube length in all cultivars. Among heavy metals mercury (Hg) had the highest toxic effect on pollen growth and tube length of all cultivars. Heavy metals have negative effect on reproduction of plant due to inhibition of pollen viability and germination.
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    Sheep manure and sewage sludge boost biofortification of barley and restricts heavy metal accumulation in plant tissues
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Erman, Murat; Cig, Fatih; Sonmez, Ferit; Ceritoglu, Mustafa
    In recent centuries, micronutrient deficiencies are considered a major challenge for human health. Biofortification of principal crops has been broadly accepted as a sustainable scenario to overcome this limitation. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons. Four fertilizers and two doses of humic acid were used in the experiment. Analysis of variance indicated that humic acid, fertilizer type, and growing season caused statistically significant differences in macro and micronutrient content and heavy metal concentrations of shoot and seed in plants. Results also denoted that organic material amendment improved macro and micronutrient content of barley plants compared with IF in which SS treatment increased Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Ni concentrations in shoot/seed while SM treatment enhanced N, P, and K concentration of plants. Moreover, IF-treated plants increased heavy metal accumulation in shoot and seed tissues whereas organic amendments reduced heavy metal uptake such that the lowest Pb and Cd were determined in SM-treated plants, and the lowest Ni content was measured in W-treated samples. HA application promoted Zn, Mg, and Cu accumulation in plants, however, individual or combined with fertilizers reduced other micro and macronutrient uptake. In conclusion, the amendment of 40 tons ha-1 of sheep manure and sewage sludge is an improving and beneficial practice in barley cultivation for the biofortification of crops. However, HA treatment did not form a meaningful whole in the experiment but promoted Zn, Mg, and Cu concentrations in plant tissues.