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Öğe 7-Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and glutathione S-transferase activities of rats treated with morin, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene and endosulfan(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Sapmaz, Canan; Fırat, Tülin; Kükner, Aysel; Bozcaarmutlu, Azra[No Abstract Available]Öğe Aldrin epoxidation in flathead Mullet (Mugil cephalus) : possible involvement of CYP1A and CYP3A(Wiley, 2014) Bozcaarmutlu, Azra; Turna, Sema; Sapmaz, Canan; Arınç, Emel; Karakaş, Serpil YenisoyThe primary objective of this study was to determine specific cytochrome P450 isozyme(s) involved in the metabolism of aldrin to its toxic metabolite dieldrin in flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) liver microsomes. To identify the cytochrome P450 isozyme responsible for the aldrin metabolism in mullet liver, the effects of mammalian-specific cytochrome P450 inhibitors and substrates were determined in the epoxidation reaction of aldrin. CYP3A-related inhibitors, ketoconazole, SKF-525A, and cimetidine, inhibited the metabolism of aldrin. The contribution of CYP1A to the aldrin metabolism was shown by the inhibition of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity in the presence of aldrin. The results indicate that CY1A and CYP3A are the cytochrome P450s involved in aldrin epoxidase activity in mullet. In addition, the suitability of aldrin epoxidase activity for monitoring of environmental pollution was also assessed in the fish samples caught from four different locations of the West Black Sea coast of Turkey.Öğe Alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activities in rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and endosulfan(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Sapmaz, Canan; Fırat, Tülin; Kükner, Aysel; Bozcaarmutlu, AzraÖğe Alteration in xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities with morin and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene in diabetic male rats(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Sapmaz, Canan; Fırat, Tülin; Kükner, Aysel; Bozcaarmutlu, AzraÖğe Assessment of pollution in the west black sea coast of Turkey using biomarker responses in fish(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2009) Bozcaarmutlu, Azra; Sapmaz, Canan; Aygün, Züleyha; Arınç, EmelAim of this study was to determine the extent of pollution in the West Black Sea Coast of Turkey by measuring CYP1A associated EROD activity, phase II enzyme, glutathione S-transferase and antioxidant enzymes, catalase and glutathione reductase activities and immunochemical detection of CYP1A protein level in the liver of mullet. The fish samples were caught from six locations having a varying degree of pollution in the West Black Sea Region of Turkey in August 2005, 2006 and 2007. Mullets caught from Zonguldak Harbour, Eregli Harbour and Guluc Stream's Mouth displayed 6-9-fold higher EROD, 2-4-fold higher glutathione S-transferase and 2-3-fold higher catalase activities than the reference site, Amasra. Total polyaromatic hydrocarbon levels in mullets caught from these locations were also significantly higher (2-4-fold) than Amasra. The results Of this Study indicate that Zonguldak Harbour, Eregli Harbour and Guluc Stream are highly Polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related contaminants. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Biomarker responses in So-luy mullet (Mugil soiuy) to toxic organic pollutants in the west Black sea region of Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2008) Bozcaarmutlu, Azra; Sapmaz, Canan; Aygün, Züleyha; Arınç, EmelThe Black Sea has been increasingly threatened by pollutants over the past decades due to uncontrolled shipping, accidental crude oil spills, and discharge of industrial and domestic wastes from coastal settlements. There are few studies concerning biomarker responses to pollutants in the Black Sea. In this study, CYP1A-associated 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity (induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins) the phase II detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the antioxidant defense enzyme catalase (CAT) were used as biomarkers. Fish were collected in August 2005 by net, from five sites representing a pollution gradient in the West Black Sea Region of Turkey. Mullet collected from the Zonguldak Harbor, a highly urbanized and industrial city in the West Black Sea Region, had 7-fold higher EROD activities than Kefken, a less contaminated site. The mullet samples collected from Sakarya River Mouth, Melen Stream Mouth and Guluc Stream Mouth displayed between 2 and 3 fold higher EROD activities compared to Kefken. GST activities of the samples from the four sites with elevated EROD activities ranged between 2- and 3-fold higher than in fish from Kefken. Likewise CAT activities of samples from these four sites were 4-fold higher than Kefken. In this study, the elevated biomarker responses indicate that Zonguldak Harbour, Sakarya River, Melen and Guluc Stream have tendency to create a local pollution in the Black Sea. Additionally, the pollution status of Zonguldak Harbour was the highest between the sampling sites with regard to toxic organic pollutants. (Supported by TUBITAK (Project No. 104Y083). © 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Öğe Biomonitoring of the toxic pollutants by using mullet liver enzymes in the West Black Sea region of Turkey(Blackwell Publishing, 2006) Bozcaarmutlu, Azra; Aygün, Züleyha; Sapmaz, Canan; Arınç, EmelIn this study, CYP 1A associated 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activities (indicative of exposure to toxic carcinogenic persistent organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs)) were measured in liver microsomes of mullet (Mugil soiuy) in the West Black Sea Region of Turkey.Öğe Biomonitoring of toxic organic pollutants in mullet liver microsomes by CYP1A level and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in the West Black Sea region of Turkey(Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, 2008) Sapmaz, Canan; Bozcaarmutlu, AzraKaradeniz, son yıllarda endüstriyel, evsel ve tarımsal aktiviteler sonucunda ortaya çıkan kimyasal kirleticilerin tehdidi altındadır. Endüstriyel alanlar, nehirler ve kıyı şehirleri Karadeniz'de yerel kirlilik yaratma eğilimindedir. Bu çalışmada, PAH, PCB ve dioksin türü kirliliğin miktarı Zonguldak Limanı, Ereğli Limanı, Sakarya Nehir Ağzı, Melen ve Gülüç Dereleri Ağzı ve Amasra'da, Ağustos 2005, 2006 ve 2007'de, kefal balığı karaciğer mikrozomlarında CYP1A proteinine bağlı 7-etoksirezorufin O-deetilaz (EROD) aktivitesi ölçülerek ve CYP1A protein miktarı immünokimyasal yöntemler ile belirlenerek tayin edildi ve izlendi. En düşük EROD aktivitesi Amasra'dan yakalanan kefal balığı örneklerinde ölçüldü. Bu bölge referans bölgesi olarak düşünüldü. Türkiye'nin Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde bulunan,kalabalık nüfusa ve endüstriyel alanlara sahip olan Zonguldak ilinin limanından yakalanan kefal balıklarında Amasra'dan 6-9 kat fazla EROD aktivitesi bulundu. Ereğli Limanı'ndan yakalanan kefal balıklarında da Amasra'dan yakalanan balıklardan 7-9 kat fazla EROD aktivitesi bulundu. Gülüç Deresi bu çalışmadaki oldukça kirli diğer bir istasyondu. Bu istasyondan yakalanan kefal balıklarının EROD aktiviteleri Amasra'dan yakalanan balıkların EROD aktivitelerinden yaklaşık 6 kat fazla bulundu. Melen Deresi Ağzı'ndan yakalanan kefal balıklarının EROD aktiviteleri Amasra'dan 2-2.5 kat daha fazla bulundu. Sakarya Nehir Ağzı'ndan yakalanan kefal balıklarının EROD aktiviteleri Amasra'dan yakalanan balıkların 2-4 katı bulundu. Kefal balığı karaciğer mikrozomlarında CYP1A protein seviyesi immünokimyasal yöntemler ile belirlendi. Elde edilen sonuçlarda CYP1A protein seviyesi ölçümleri, EROD aktivite ölçümleri ile oldukça bağlantılı bulundu. Bu biyokimyasal yöntemlerin yanı sıra, balık karaciğer dokularında toplam PAH konsantrasyonu ölçüldü. Zonguldak Limanı, Ereğli Limanı, Sakarya Nehir Ağzı, Melen ve Gülüç Dereleri Ağzı'ndan yakalanan kefal balıklarının toplam PAH konsantrasyonu referans istasyonu, Amasra'dan daha yüksek bulundu.Bu çalışmada, kefal balığı karaciğerlerinde bulunan indüklenmiş CYP1A protein seviyeleri ve CYP1A proteinine bağlı EROD aktiviteleri ve yüksek toplam PAH seviyeleri, PAH, PCB ve dioksin türü organik kirleticilerin Zonguldak Limanı, Ereğli Limanı, Sakarya Nehri, Melen Deresi ve Gülüç Deresi'nde var olduğunu gösterdi. Bu sonuçlar, bu bölgelerin Türkiye'nin Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde yerel kirlilik yaratma eğiliminde olduğunu göstermektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Karadeniz, CYP1A, EROD, Kefal Balığı, PAH, Kirlilik.Öğe Combined use of PAH levels and EROD activities in the determination of PAH pollution in flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) caught from the West Black Sea coast of Turkey(Springer Heidelberg, 2015) Bozcaarmutlu, Azra; Sapmaz, Canan; Kaleli, Gizem; Turna, Sema; Karakaş, Serpil YenisoyThe aim of this study was to determine the extent of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution by measuring PAH levels and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities in flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) samples caught from the West Black Sea coast of Turkey. The fish samples were caught in August 2008-2011. The levels of 13 PAHs were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the liver of fish. Most of the measured PAHs had three rings (low molecular weight). The frequencies of detection of PAHs were higher in fish samples caught from Zonguldak Harbour and Guluc Stream Mouth than those from Sakarya River Mouth, Amasra and Kefken. EROD activities and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) protein level were also measured in the fish liver microsomes. Highly elevated EROD activities and CYP1A levels were measured in the mullet samples caught from Zonguldak Harbour and Guluc Stream than those from Amasra and Kefken. The detection of PAHs in the liver of fish samples shows recent exposure to PAHs. The chemical analyses of PAHs and EROD activity results together reflected the extent of PAH pollution in the livers of fish caught from the West Black Sea coast of Turkey. The results indicate that Zonguldak Harbour is the most polluted site in the West Black Sea coast of Turkey.Öğe Decreasing myocardial estrogen receptors and antioxidant activity may be responsible for increasing ischemia- and reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmia in older female rats(Elsevier Inc., 2021) Bozdoğan, Ömer; Bozcaarmutlu, Azra; Kaya, Salih Tunç; Sapmaz, Canan; Özarslan, Talat Oğulcan; Ekşioğlu, Didem; Yaşar, SelçukAims: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ischemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmia and blood serum estrogen levels, myocardial estrogen receptor levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the effects of the estrogen receptor blocker, fulvestrant (ICI 182 780). Main methods: A total of 102 female Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages (2–3, 6–7, 14–15, and 20–21 months) were used in this study. Myocardial ischemia was produced by ligation of the descending branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery, and reperfusion was produced by releasing this artery. An electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure were recorded for 6 min of ischemia and 6 min of reperfusion. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), estrogen receptor ? (ER?), and estrogen receptor ? (ER?) in myocardial tissue and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in blood serum were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were compared using a Mann–Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a student's t-test. Key findings: It is not the changes in serum estrogen levels but the decreasing myocardial estrogen receptors and antioxidant activities that could be responsible for the occurrence of more severe arrhythmia in response to reperfusion in older female rats. Significance: The death rate due to a heart attack in younger men is higher than in women. However, it equalizes after the menopausal stage in women. In this study, the reason for the increasing sudden post-menopausal death rate in women was investigated experimentally.Öğe Determination of organochlorine pesticide concentrations in flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) caught from the western Black Sea coast of Turkey(Springer, 2014) Bozcaarmutlu, Azra; Turna, Sema; Sapmaz, Canan; Karakaş, Serpil YenisoyThe objective of this study was to determine the levels of 14 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) caught from the western Black Sea coast of Turkey. The fish samples were caught from five different locations of the western Black Sea coast of Turkey in August 2009. Organochlorine pesticides were extracted from the liver tissues, and then the levels of OCPs were measured using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. Organochlorine pesticides were detected in all locations. The levels of total OCPs in fish samples ranged between 0.224 and 1.103 mu g g(-1) dry weight in the western Black Sea coast of Turkey. DDT, beta-HCH, and endosulfan I were the dominant OCPs in the fish samples. The levels of DDT in fish samples ranged between 0.081 and 0.186 mu g g(-1) dry weight. The levels of total HCH in fish samples ranged between 0.007 and 0.376 mu g g(-1) dry weight in the western Black Sea coast of Turkey. Although the usage of OCPs was banned in Turkey, the results of this study clearly indicated the presence of OCPs in the western Black Sea coast of Turkey and exposure of living organisms to these chemicals.Öğe Effect of antioxidant morin on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in the liver of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and endosulfan treated healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats(Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, 2015) Sapmaz, Canan; Bozcaarmutlu, AzraCanlı organizmalar günlük hayatlarında aynı anda çeşitli kimyasallara maruz kalmaktadır. Bu kimyasalların bazıları bizim için faydalıyken bazıları zararlıdır. 7,12-Dimetilbenz[a]antrasen (DMBA) vücutta toksik ve kanserojen etki yapan yağda çözünür bir moleküldür. Endosülfan tarım alanlarında böceklere karşı yaygın olarak kullanılan organoklorlu pestisittir. Endosülfan havada, tatlı su kaynaklarında, deniz suyunda, toprak örneklerinde ve gıdalarda bulunabilmektedir. Günlük hayatımızda her iki kimyasala da sigara tüketimi ve kirli havanın solunması ile maruz kalmak mümkündür. Morin canlı organizmalarda kemoprotektif ve antioksidan özelliklere sahip bitkisel kökenli bir flavonoiddir. Diyabet organlarda hasara neden olan bir metabolik hastalıktır. Toksik kimyasalların ve diyabet hastalığının varlığında morinin etkileri henüz belirlenmemiştir. Bu çalışmada, DMBA ve endosülfana maruz kalmış normal ve diyabetik sıçanlarda ksenobiyotik metabolize eden enzimler üzerine morinin etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, 120 erkek Wistar sıçanı (170-245 g ağırlığında) rastgele dağıtılarak 16 grup (8 grup normal sıçanlar ve diğer 8 grup diyabetik sıçanlar içermek üzere) oluşturulmuştur. Kontrol grubundaki sıçanlara haftada üç kez mısır yağı verilmiştir. Morin deneysel sürecin ilk gününde sıçanlara verilmeye başlanmış ve deney süreci boyunca haftada üç defa 25 mg/kg vücut ağırlığı morin olacak şekilde verilmiştir. DMBA uygulanan gruplara 30 mg/kg vücut ağırlığında DMBA deney sürecinin 12, 19 ve 26. günlerinde ağız yoluyla verilmiştir. Endosülfan uygulamasına (5 mg/kg vücut ağırlığında endosülfan) deney sürecinin 12. gününde başlanmış olup bu uygulama deney sürecinde haftada üç kez olacak şekilde sürdürülmüştür. Normal sıçanlar deney sürecinin 54. gününde, diyabetik sıçanlar deney sürecinin 43. gününde servikal dislokasyon ile öldürülmüştür. Mikrozom ve sitozoller her bir doku örneğinden ayrı ayrı hazırlanmıştır. Sitokrom P4501A1 (CYP1A1) ilişkili 7-etoksiresorufin O-deetilaz (EROD) aktivitesi tüm deney gruplarında artmıştır. Morin, DMBA ve endosülfan gruplarındaki sıçanlarda kontrol grubuna kıyasla 1.6, 1.8 ve 1.6 kat daha yüksek EROD aktivitesi belirlenmiştir. En yüksek EROD aktivitesi kontrol grubuna kıyasla DMBA+endosülfan+morin grubundan elde edilen mikrozomlarda (2.6 kat) belirlenmiştir. Sitokrom P4501A2 aktivitesi ile ilişkili 7-metoksiresorufın O-demetilaz (MROD) aktivitesi endosülfan, morin ve endosülfan + morin gruplarında kontrol grubuna kıyasla farklılık göstermemiştir. Normal sıçanlarda DMBA uygulaması MROD aktivitesini anlamlı şekilde (1.5-kat) arttırmıştır. Normal sıçanlada DMBA ve endosülfanın birlikte uygulanması MROD aktivitesini 1.8 kat arttırmıştır. Morin uygulaması MROD aktivitesini üzerine endosülfan ve DMBA etkisini azaltmıştır. Morin, endosülfan ve DMBA sitokrom P4502B ile ilişkili 7-pentoksiresorufin O-depentilaz (PROD) aktivitesi üzerinde değişikliğe sebep olmamıştır. Sitokrom P4502E ilişkili anilin 4-hidroksilaz aktivisi endosülfan ve DMBA verilen sıçanlarda önemli miktarda artmıştır. Bu kimyasalların CYP2E üzerindeki etkileri morin uygulaması ile azalmıştır. Sitokrom P4503A ilişkili eritromisin N-demetilaz aktiviteleri endosülfan, DMBA ve morin uygulamarı ile artmıştır. Normal sıçanlarda en yüksek eritromisin N-demetilaz aktiviteleri DMBA + endosülfan + morin grubunda ölçülmüştür. Glutatyon S-transferaz aktivitesi DMBA verilen gruplarda artmıştır. Katalaz ve glutatyon redüktaz aktiviteleri morin ve endosülfan uygulamalarından etkilenmemiştir. Katalaz ve glutatyon redüktaz aktiviteleri DMBA uygulaması ile önemli ölçüde artmıştır. İntraperitoneal streptozotosin enjeksiyonu ile oluşturulmuş diabetes mellitus sıçan karaciğer mikrozomlarında ve sitozollerde kontrol grubuna gore EROD, MROD, PROD, eritromisin, N-demetilaz, glutatyon S-transferaz, katalaz ve glutatyon redüktaz aktivitelerinde anlamlı artışa sebep olmuştur (p <0.05). Endosülfan ve DMBA uygulamaları diyabetik sıçanlarda EROD ve MROD aktivitelerini artırmıştır. Morin uygulaması endosülfan ve DMBA verilen diyabetik sıçanlarda EROD aktivitesini azaltmıştır. Diyabetik sıçanlarda MROD aktivitesi endosülfan ve DMBA uygulamalarıyla artmıştır. Morin uygulaması endosülfan ve DMBA verilen diyabetik sıçanlarda MROD aktivitesini azaltmıştır. Anilin 4-hidroksilaz, eritromisin N-demetilaz, glutatyon S-transferaz ve katalaz aktiviteleri endosülfan ve DMBA verilen diyabetli sıçan gruplarında azalmıştır. Protein analizleri yanında karaciğer dokuları histopatolojik olarak da incelenmiştir. Histopatolojik çalışmalar morin uygulamasının karaciğer hücre görünümünü modifiye etmediğini göstermiştir. Endosülfan ve DMBA'nın birlikte verilmesi karaciğerde doku hasarını arttırmıştır. Morin verilmesi hem normal hem de diyabetli sıçanlarda endosülfan ve DMBA ile oluşan doku hasarını azaltmıştır. Sonuç olarak, morinin endosülfan ve DMBA ile birlikte verilmesi endosülfan ve DMBA'nın toksik etkilerini normal ve diyabetli sıçanda düşürmüştür.Öğe The effect of co-administration of berberine, resveratrol, and glibenclamide on xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in diabetic rat liver(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Bozcaarmutlu, Azra; Sapmaz, Canan; Bozdoğan, Ömer; Kükner, Aysel; Kılınç, Leyla; Kaya, Salih Tunç; Özarslan, Oğulcan Talat; Ekşioğlu, DidemIt is possible to use plant-derived antioxidant molecules in the form of dietary supplements. However, dietary supplement-drug interaction pattern has not been well defined for most of these products. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of berberine, resveratrol, and glibenclamide on xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin was administered to create experimental diabetes. Resveratrol (5 mg/kg) (R), glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) (G), and berberine (10 mg/kg) (B) were administered individually or in combinations in DMSO by intraperitoneal administration route to the diabetic rats. DMSO was also given to non-diabetic control (C) and diabetic control (D) groups. Livers of rats were taken under anesthesia at the end of the treatment period (12 days). Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase (PROD), aniline 4-hydroxylase (A4H), erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were measured in microsomes and cytosols. In addition, histomorphological studies were also performed in the liver tissues. EROD activity of D+R was significantly higher than C and D+R+B. PROD activity of D+R was significantly higher than C, D, D+R+G, D+R+B, and D+R+B+ G. PROD activity of D+B was significantly higher than C and D+R+B. ERND activity of D+R was significantly higher than D+R+G and D+R+B. GST activity of D+R was significantly higher than D+R+G. CAT activity of D+B was significantly lower than C. It is clear that co-administration of resveratrol, berberine, and glibenclamide modifies some of the important xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities. Resveratrol and berberine have the potential to cause dietary supplement-drug interaction.Öğe Effect of co-administration of endosulfan and morin on biomarker enzyme activies in rat liver(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) Sapmaz, Canan; Fırat, Tülin; Kükner, Aysel; Bozcaarmutlu, AzraÖğe Effect of morin on cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activities in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene treated rats(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) Sapmaz, Canan; Fırat, Tülin; Kükner, Aysel; Bozcaarmutlu, AzraÖğe Highly elevated 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (EROD) activities in flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) and striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) from Zonguldak Harbour(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2010) Bozcaarmutlu, Azra; Sapmaz, Canan; Gülen, Sema; Arınç, Emel[No Abstract Available]Öğe Modulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in rat liver by co-administration of morin, endosulfan, and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Sapmaz, Canan; Fırat, Tülin; Kükner, Aysel; Bozcaarmutlu, AzraMorin is a flavonoid which is present in many plants. Endosulfan and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) are toxic chemicals that humans are exposed to in their daily lives. In this study, the protective role of morin was investigated in endosulfan and DMBA treated rats. Eight groups, each comprising seven 2.5-month-old adult male Wistar rats (weighing 170-255 g), were used. Endosulfan, morin, and DMBA were administered individually or in combinations, at 5 mg/kg body weight (bw) (three times/week), 25 mg/kg bw (three times/week), and 30 mg/kg bw (once/week for three weeks) via oral gavage, respectively. On day 54 of the administration period, the rats were killed. DMBA + endosulfan co-administration significantly increased CYP1A1-, CYP1A2-, CYP2E-, and GST-associated activities in the rats compared to the control. DMBA + endosulfan + morin significantly increased CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A, and GST associated activities in the rats relative to the control. Histopathological studies were performed to investigate protective effects of morin on liver damage. The results indicated that DMBA + endosulfan treatment induced liver damage, and morin reduced this damage. These findings suggest that CYP1A, CYP3A, and GST enzyme activities participate in the protective mechanism of morin against endosulfan and DMBA induced toxicity.Öğe Monitoring of pollution in the western Black Sea coast of Turkey by striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus)(Springer, 2020) Bozcaarmutlu, Azra; Sapmaz, Canan; Can, Gizem Kaleli; Turna, Sema; Aygün, Züleyha; Arınç, EmelThe striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) is an economically important demersal fish species. In this study, our aim was to monitor the pollution in the western Black Sea coast of Turkey using striped red mullet as a bioindicator species. Fish samples were caught from four different locations in the western Black Sea coast of Turkey in 2006, 2009-2011, and 2016. Highly elevated cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)-related 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activities were measured in striped red mullet caught from Zonguldak Harbor in all of the sampling years. The lowest EROD activities were measured in fish samples caught from Kefken. In addition to the EROD activity measurements, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase, and catalase activities were also measured in the striped red mullet samples. Higher GST and catalase activities were measured in the striped red mullet samples caught from Zonguldak Harbor than from Kefken in 2016. These results indicate that the striped red mullet is responsive to CYP1A inducer pollutants. This study covers intermittent measurements of the biomonitoring data from the striped red mullet caught around the western Black Sea coast of Turkey, over a 10-year period.Öğe The role of serum estradiol and myocardial estrogen reseptors and antioxidant system on ischemia reperfusion induced arrhythmia due to ageing in female rats(Wiley, 2018) Bozdoğan, Ömer; Bozcaarmutlu, Azra; Kaya, Salih Tunç; Özarslan, Talat Oğulcan; Sapmaz, Canan[No Abstract Available]
