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    The efficacy of fosthiazate, fluopyram, and paecilomyces lilacinus against field population of Globodera rostochiensis
    (Organization of Nematologists of Tropical America, 2022) Saleh, Azzam; Altaş, Ahmet; Evlice, Emre; Özer, Göksel; İmren, Mustafa; Dababat, Abdelfattah Amer
    The potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, is a major potato pest throughout the world. Despite the environmental concerns associated with the use of chemical nematicides, they remain essential for integrated management programs, especially when resistant varieties are lacking. This study investigated fosthiazate efficacy to control G. rostochiensis in potato in comparison to fluopyram and the biological control agent Paecilomyces lilacinus strain PL1. Two independent trials were carried out at fields in Odemis and Bozdag Districts, Izmir Province, Turkey. All treatments reduced densities of G. rostochiensis in roots and soil compared to the non-treated controls. All pesticides consistently decreased the reproduction factor (Rf = final population density/initial population density) values of G. rostochiensis compared to the non-treated controls in Odemis and Bozdag. However, fosthiazate and fluopyram were more effective than the biological agent. Fosthiazate, fluopyram, and P. lilacinus strain PL1 applications increased potato yields in Odemis and Bozdag by 21-34% and 20-31%, respectively, compared to the control. In conclusion, the application of fosthiazate and fluopyram provided a higher level of protection against G. rostochiensis and should be considered an alternative and integrative option in nematode management programs.
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    Host suitability of different common bean varieties in a growth room to the plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus
    (BRILL, 2021) Saleh, Azzam; İmren, Mustafa; Özer, Göksel; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus attack common bean and cause economic yield losses throughout cultivated areas in Turkey. The most effective management strategy for the P. thornei and P. neglectus infections is crop rotation with non-host crops and breeding resistant/tolerant varieties. However, parent bean genotypes immune to P. thornei and P. neglectus are not available for breeding programmes; thus, resistant varieties are commonly incorporated as parents. In the present research, a total of 36 common bean varieties were tested in a growth room for their host response to these two nematode pests. The reproduction factor and the population density of both nematode species were calculated. All tested bean varieties showed varying levels of resistance and susceptibility to P. thornei and P. neglectus. Among the dry bean varieties, nine were found to be resistant to P. thornei and three to P. neglectus, with three varieties ('Kantar-05', 'Onceler-98' and 'Karacasehir-90') resistant to both species. Among fresh bean varieties, ten were found to be resistant to P. thornei and four to P. neglectus, with four varieties ('Helda', 'Gina', 'Gelincik' and 'Bourgondia') resistant to both species. The resistant common bean varieties identified in this study are a valuable untapped genetic pool that will offer improved resistance levels to P. thornei and P. neglectus, especially 'Gina' and 'Onceler-98', which seem to possess a great source of resistance to P. thornei and P. neglectus, respectively, and can be used in breeding programmes in the near future.
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    Occurrence, identification and phylogenetic analyses of cereal cyst nematodes in Kyrgyzstan
    (Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, 2023) Saleh, Azzam; Yıldız, Şenol; Özer, Göksel; Mokrini, Fouad; Uulu, Tair Esenali; İmren, Mustafa
    . The study investigated the status of cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) in the main wheat-growing areas of Kyrgyzstan in 2020. Soil samples were taken from 69 different wheat fields located in Chuy and Issyk-Kul provinces. CCN were found in thirty-one out of the sixty-nine locations surveyed. The highest occurrence of CCN was in the Tyup location in Issyk-Kul province with 81 cysts (250 cm3 soil)-1. The CCN populations were identified by both morphological and molecular analyses. According to the results, all populations were identified as Heterodera filipjevi. No variations in rDNA-ITS sequencing data were detected among the 31 cyst nematode populations, and the phylogenetic tree showed that Kyrgyz populations clustered with H. filipjevi populations from Belgium, Spain and Turkey, and separated populations from Germany, Iran, UK, Tajikistan, France and Russia. Therefore, the findings suggested the presence of only one species of CCN in the study areas of Kyrgyzstan, currently.