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Öğe The retrospect and prospect of the applications of biotechnology in Phoenix dactylifera L.(Springer, 2018) Gantait, Saikat; El-Dawayati, Maiada M.; Panigrahi, Jitendriya; Labrooy, Catherine; Verma, Sandeep KumarDate palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most important fruit trees that contribute a major part to the economy of Middle East and North African countries. It is quintessentially called "tree of life" owing to its resilience to adverse climatic conditions, along with manifold nutritional-cum-medicinal attributes that comes from its fruits and other plant parts. Being a tree with such immense utility, it has gained substantial attention of tree breeders for its genetic advancement via in vitro biotechnological interventions. Herein, an extensive review of biotechnological research advances in date palm has been consolidated as one of the major research achievements during the past two decades. This article compares the different biotechnological techniques used in this species such as: tissue and organ culture, bioreactor-mediated large-scale propagation, cell suspension culture, embryogenic culture, protoplast culture, conservation (for short- and long-term) of germplasms, in vitro mutagenesis, in vitro selection against biotic and abiotic stresses, secondary metabolite production in vitro, and genetic transformation. This review provides an insight on crop improvement and breeding programs for improved yield and quality fruits; besides, it would undeniably facilitate the tissue culture-based research on date palm for accelerated propagation and enhanced production of quality planting materials, along with conservation and exchange of germplasms, and genetic engineering. In addition, the unexplored research methodologies and major bottlenecks identified in this review should be contemplated on in near future.Öğe Transgenic ornamentals for phytoremediation of metals and metalloids(Academic Press Ltd-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Gantait, Saikat; Panigrahi, Jitendriya; Verma, Sandeep KumarEnvironmental pollution is one of the major hazards to human beings. For practical reasons it is unfeasible to prevent most of the anthropogenic activities accountable for environmental pollution; preferably we need to eradicate the pollutants, specifically via phytoremediation using plants to remove toxic wastes. Since phytoremediation offers a permanent in situ solution to the affected area, environmentalists and governments give immense attention towards the development of bioremediation tools. Ornamentals, especially flower species, are apposite to genetic modification. As the end product is not edible, it does not require food safety analyses, eliminating key complications for commercialization and cutting the cost of production. The present scenario is to transgenetically induce ornamental species that can tolerate, take up, translocate, phytostabilize, phytovolatilize the organic compounds and heavy metal ions. The aim of the present discourse is to provide insight into the mechanism behind the development of novel flowering and/or potted ornamental plants as well as to analyze the factors influencing the efficiency and rate of pollutant removal by plants.