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    Assessment of Damages in Precast Industrial Buildings in the Aftermath of Pazarcık and Elbistan Earthquakes
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Senel, Sevket Murat; Kayhan, Ali Haydar; Palanci, Mehmet; Demir, Ahmet
    Two major earthquakes with moment magnitudes of 7.7 and 7.6 struck the districts of Pazarc & imath;k and Elbistan, causing thousands of deaths and severe damage. A lot of buildings located in 11 different cities were damaged or collapsed. In addition to urban areas, industrial regions were also affected and damaged by these earthquakes. In this study, the results of assessment studies performed in the industrial zones located in Malatya, Ad & imath;yaman, Kahramanmaras, Osmaniye, and Hatay cities are presented. The maximum seismic demands instrumented by the strong ground motion stations were first investigated. Then, the acceleration records obtained from the stations near the visited industrial zones were studied, and the spectral demands were compared to the code spectra. Obtained results have revealed that spectral acceleration and displacement demands are higher than that of design earthquake in many stations. Even in some stations, it was determined that the spectral demands, especially in the constant velocity region where the periods of precast industrial buildings are located, also exceeded the demand of the maximum earthquake of the code. After demand assessment studies, the structural properties of existing precast buildings are presented, and the reasons behind the damages are discussed. Site inspections have shown that connection failures are the most common type of damage observed. The overturning of roof girders and shear damage at corbels and beam ends are the typical forms of joint failures. Column flexural failures and other factors that cause the structural damage are discussed and explained. Non-structural damage was also determined in many buildings. Damage to suspended ceilings, facade cladding, products and equipment, and partition walls are the typical examples of non-structural damage observed. Reconnaissance studies have shown that the damaged building ratio in Kahramanmaras Turkoglu and Ad & imath;yaman Petrol industrial zones is significantly higher than in other regions visited. Damage distributions in Kahramanmaras Turkoglu and Ad & imath;yaman Petrol industrial zones, where comprehensive information was gathered, are presented and evaluated.
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    Quantifying the effect of amplitude scaling of real ground motions based on structural responses of vertically irregular and regular RC frames
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Palanci, Mehmet; Demir, Ahmet; Kayhan, Ali Haydar
    Increasing number of real ground motion (GM) record databases raised nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA) as an attractive option to determine structural response statistics. Structural responses are sensitive to input motions and the appropriate selection and scaling of real GMs is one of the crucial topics in earthquake engineering. In this paper, the influence of amplitude scaling on important earthquake demand parameters (EDPs), namely, global drift ratio, inter-story drift ratio and maximum floor acceleration, were studied using different scaling approaches and scaling limits. Eurocode-8 was used as a reference seismic code and amplitude scaling effects on structural responses of vertically irregular and regular structures were quantified. Efficiency and sufficiency of amplitude scaling were assessed in terms of mean, dispersion and non-exceedance probability curves of the EDPs. Statistical distribution of GM characteristics and their dependence on GM amplitude scaling were also discussed. Evaluations have shown that similar mean responses can be obtained regardless of scaling limits, approaches, and building topology if spectral shape compatibility is ensured. Furthermore, results demonstrated that neither building regularity nor scaling of GMs influenced the statistical distribution of ground motion parameters and non-exceedance probability curves of the EDPs. In fact, it was revealed that record selection scenario including spectral compatibility of individual GMs had a dramatic impact on dispersion and exceedance probability of structural responses.
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    Response- and probability-based evaluation of spectrally matched ground motion selection strategies for bi-directional dynamic analysis of low- to mid-rise RC buildings
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Demir, Ahmet; Kayhan, Ali Haydar; Palanci, Mehmet
    In this study, the effect of different strategies which consider various levels of constraints for spectrally matched ground motion (GM) selection on seismic responses of the buildings was evaluated. For this, six different threedimensional buildings and three different local soil classes were considered. Various GM record sets were used for each strategy and local soil class pair to perform bi-directional nonlinear dynamic analyses of the buildings and maximum global and maximum inter-story drift ratio demands were obtained. To evaluate the efficiency of proposed strategies, the mean and dispersion of the demands were investigated. Then, the differences among the means of the seismic demands obtained for the strategies were evaluated using the analysis of variance method. Moreover, probability curves of the demands were constructed and compared. The results indicate that i) the mean of the demands generally used for code-based performance assessment can be estimated more consistently by the proposed strategies; ii) the supplemental constraints about spectral matching allow to control the dispersion of the spectral acceleration values of selected GMs and hence the dispersion of the demands; iii) using the appropriate one of the proposed strategies, GMs with desired dispersion of spectral accelerations can be acquired for probability-based performance assessment.