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    Effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative applications on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in youth with major depressive disorder: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2024) Pala, Omer O.; Citaker, Seyit; Guney, Esra; Sepici, Aylin; Guveli, Guner M.; Arslan, Burak; Guru, Meltem
    Context: Osteopathic treatments regulate the neurovegetative system through joint mobilizations and manipulations, and myofascial and craniosacral techniques. Despite the growing body of research, the precise impact of osteopathic medicine on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is not yet fully elucidated. As to Kuchera's techniques, the stimulation of the sympathetic trunk and prevertebral ganglia contributed to harmonization of the sympathetic activity. However, potential relationships between the harmonization of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis largely remain uncertain and warrant further exploration. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the osteopathic sympathetic harmonization (OSH) on the SNS and the HPA axis in youth with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: The study included 39 youths aged 15-21 years and diagnosed with MDD. The participants were randomly assigned into either the OSH or the placebo group. Stimulation was performed on the sympathetic truncus and prevertebral ganglia in the OSH group. The stimulation of the placebo group was performed with a lighter touch and a shorter duration in similar areas. Each participant completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (SAI and TAI) before the application. Blood pressure (BP) and pulse measurements were made, and saliva samples were taken before, immediately after, and 20 min after application. Results: The baseline BDI (p=0.617) and TAI (p=0.322) scores were similar in both groups. Although the SAI scores decreased in both groups postintervention, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Subjects who received OSH had a decrease in alpha-amylase level (p=0.028) and an increase in cortisol level (p=0.009) 20 min after the procedure. Conclusions: Following OSH application in depressed youth, SNS activity may decrease, whereas HPA axis activity may increase. Future studies may examine the therapeutic efficacy of repeated OSH applications in depressed individuals.
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    The immediate effects of kinesio taping on scapular muscle endurance and strength in asymptomatic subjects: a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    (Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2024) Pala, Omer O.; Hazar, Zeynep; Gunaydin, Gurkan; Sozlu, Ugur; Alkan, Zeynep B.; Basar, Selda; Citaker, Seyit
    BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of Kinesio-taping (KT) on scapular muscle endurance and strength and compared to placebo Kinesio-taping in asymptomatic subjects. METHODS: Thirty-nine asymptomatic subjects were included in this study. Subjects were randomly allocated to KT (with the muscle facilitation technique) and placebo-KT (without any technique and tension). Scapular isometric muscle endurance was measured with a scapular muscle endurance test. The strength of the upper, middle, and lower trapezius, and serratus anterior was assessed using a hand-held digital dynamometer. Data were analyzed with 2x2 (groups [KT and Placebo-KT] x time [pre- and post-intervention]) mixed-model ANOVA. RESULTS: There were no significant main effect of time and time x group interaction was found for scapular muscle endurance, middle and lower trapezius strength. For the upper trapezius muscle strength main effect of time (F1,37 = 11,629, P=0.002, partial 1 2 =0.239) and time x group interaction (F1,37 = 7.502, P=0.009, partial 1 2 =0.169) were found, indicating an increase in KT group. However, this increase did not make a difference between groups. There was an interaction effect (time x group) for the serratus anterior muscle strength (F1,37 = 7.770, P=0.008, partial 1 2 =0.174), demonstrating a decrease in the placebo-KT group. Similarly, this situation did not create a difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the use of KT in asymptomatic subjects has no immediate effects on scapular muscle endurance, trapezius, and serratus anterior muscle strength compared to the use of placebo-KT.