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Öğe Anatomic study on sphenoidal emissary foramen by using cone-beam computed tomography(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2018) Bayrak, Seval; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Atakan, Cemal; Orhan, KaanObjectives: The goal of this retrospective study is to evaluate the radiologic anatomy of sphenoidal emissary foramen (SEF) by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Methods: Three hundred seventeen (189 female and 128 male) full-head CBCT images were evaluated in this study. Incidence, diameter, shape, confluence to foramen ovale, and distance to anatomic structures of SEF were noted. Results: In the 317 analyzed images, the SEF was identified in 89 (28.1%) images. Of these, 67 (21.1%) were unilateral, 22 were (6.9%) bilateral. The maximum mean diameter of SEF was measured 2.66mm on the right side and 2.82mm on the left side (P = 0.16). The most observed SEF shape was oval with the incidence of 68.5% (P <= 0.05). Confluence was observed in 23.4% of SEF whereof 84.6% were in the left side (P <= 0.05). Conclusion: Observations in this study tender new anatomic parameters regarding SEF incidence, characteristics, and distances to proximate anatomic structures. Knowledge related to SEF variations will be helpful for neurosurgeons and radiologist.Öğe Assessment of paranasal sinus parameters according to ancient skulls' gender and age by using cone-beam computed tomography(Via Medica, 2019) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Çakmak, Şebnem Kurşun; Aksoy, Seçil; Bayrak, Seval; Orhan, Kaan; Demir, PervinBackground: The aim of this study was to determine whether paranasal sinus dimensions and volume can be useful to identify gender and age estimation for ancient skulls using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and methods: CBCT scans of 32 ancient skulls of approximately 1000 years of age were included in this retrospective study. The gender and age estimation of the skulls were made by an independent anthropologist, which was considered as the gold standard. Paranasal sinuses' dimensions (width and height) and volumes of each sinus were measured from the CBCT data set that was linked to the three-dimensional rendering software (Anatomage, Invivo 5.2). All measurements were performed by an independent observer lntra-observer analysis was made. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare paranasal sinus parameters in terms of age estimation and gender (p < 0.05). Results: The results demonstrated no statistically significant difference between measurements (p < 0.05). The measurements were found to be highly reproducible. The mean volumes of frontal and sphenoid sinus were found to be higher in males. The distance from anterior-posterior wall of sphenoid sinus in axial sections is larger in males (p > 0.05). The frontal sinus width and volume increased statistically with age above 60 years of age (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The paranasal volume and dimensions' measurements from CBCT data can be a promising technique to determine gender and age of ancient skulls because of its lower voxel sizes and higher resolution.Öğe Assessment of signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio in 3 T magnetic resonance imaging in the presence of zirconium, titanium, and titanium-zirconium alloy(Elsevier Science Inc, 2020) Kocasaraç, Hüsniye Demirtürk; Kurşun-Çakmak, Emine Sebnem; Ustaoğlu, Gülbahar; Bayrak, Seval; Orhan, Kaan; Noujeim, MarcelObjective. We quantitatively compared the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in T1 weighted imaging (WI) and T2 WI sequences in 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using zirconium, titanium (grades 4 and 5), and titanium-zirconium alloy implants to evaluate the effect of implant type and imaging sequence. Study Design. MRI was acquired using a 3 T magnet with a 16-channel head coil. Implants of each type were mounted in gel and scanned in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes using fast spin echo sequences in T1 WI (TR = 600, TE =12 milliseconds) and T2 WI (TR = 3000, TE = 80 milliseconds) sequences. Data were transferred to Synapse 3-D software, and images were measured twice by an oral and maxillofacial radiologist blinded to the type of implants. Results. Zirconium implants resulted in the lowest SNR and CNR values (P < .05). No significant differences were identified between titanium (grades 4 and 5) and titanium-zirconium implants. The T2 WI sequence had a significantly higher SNR and CNR than T1 WI. There was no difference in intraobserver agreement between T1 WI and T2 WI. Conclusions. CNR and SNR at 3 T MRI are dependent on implant type and imaging sequence. Titanium (grades 4 and 5) and titanium-zirconium implants and the T2 WI sequence produced higher SNR and CNR values.Öğe Comparison of cephalometric measurements of living subjects and ancient skulls in Anatolia(2020) Akbulut, Sibel; Karadeniz, Secil Nigar; Cakmak, Emine Sebnem Kursun; Bayrak, Seval; Şahin, Serkan; Orhan, KaanAbstract Aim: This study aims to provide insights into the evolutionary adaptation of human, via comparing the craniofacial characteristics of living subjects and ancient skulls from Anatolia. Material and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) generated 2D cephalometric projections of 32 ancient skulls and well matched lateral cephalometric images of 32 patients were evaluated. Sixteen widely used cephalometric measurements were performed. Intra-class correlation coefficients were used to examine intra-observer reliability. Mann–Whitney tests and chi-square tests were used to compare cephalometric measurements of the groups. Results: : The linear measurements of living subjects were smaller than the linear measurements of ancient skulls (p<0.05). Significant differences were found between the groups in the cranial base lengths, maxillary and mandibular dimensions (p<0.05). The maxilla and mandible were found more prognathic in ancient men and women (p<0.001). Conclusion: Environmental factors and genetic changes lead to a reduction in the sagittal and vertical dimensions of the human craniofacial complex. Dental practitioners should consider these evolutionary changes during the treatment planning process.Öğe Comparison of cone beam computed tomography and ultrasonography with two types of probes in the detection of opaque and non-opaque foreign bodies(Soc Romana Ultrasonografe Medicina Biologie-Srumb, 2018) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Orhan, Kaan; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Görürgöz, Cansu; Bayrak, SevalAim: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Mtra-oral and extra-oral ultrasonographic (US) examinations performed with linear and convex probes in the detection of opaque and non-opaque foreign bodies (FBs) located in the maxillofacial area. Materials and methods: Thirteen different type of FBs were inserted into a sheep's head: a) on the external bone surface of mandible (between the mandibular corpus and masseter muscle), h) in the intrinsic muscular tissue (in the dorsum of the tongue) and e) in the hollow structures (into the maxillary sinus of the sheep's head). The FBs in muscle tissue were scanned intra-orally whereas FBs in bone external bone surface of mandible and in maxillary sinus were scanned both intra-orally and extra-orally. The sensitivity of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and US imaging methods in detection of FBs were compared for FBs on the bone surface and in the muscular tissue. Results: The infra-observer kappa coefficients provided identical values of 0.236 for the extra-oral convex probe, 0.461 for the intra-oral linear probe for overall FBs detection, Which indicated notably poor to fair intra-observer agreement. The inter-observer agreement showed a poor agreement for the extra-oral use of linear probe (0.341 and 0.393) and extra-oral use of convex probe (0.319 and 0.335), However, a fair agreement was determined for use of probe intra-orally (0.530 and 0.534). Overall, the diagnostic accuracy of the CBCT was higher than the US regarding the visualization of FBs in the bone tissue. Conclusion: US with a linear probe should be the first choice for the detection of the low-radiodensity which are entrapped in the soil tissue. However, CBCT is a more sensitive technique for the visualization of FBs in air and bone tissue compared to the US, particularly for the diagnosis of high-radiodensity FBs.Öğe Cone beam computed tomographic evaluation of intracranial physiologic calcifications(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2019) Bayrak, Seval; Bulut, Duygu Göller; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Orhan, KaanObjective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of physiologic intracranial calcifications detected in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of a Turkish subpopulation. Methods: The CBCT image of the full head of 573 patients taken between 2015 and 2018 was evaluated retrospectively. The prevalence of habenular calcification, petroclinoid ligament, coroid plexus, interclinoid ligament (ICL), and carotico-clinoid ligament (CCL) calcifications was investigated. The age and gender of the patients were recorded. Results: Intracranial calcification was found in 190 (33.1%) of 573 cases. The frequency of physiological calcifications is respectively; 19.2% were found as habenular, 4.88% as ICL, 3.83% as CCL, 2.7% as petroclinoid ligament, and 2.4% as choroid plexus. 38.2% of the women and 29.3% of the men had intracranial calcification. In 4 patients, both ICL and CCL ossification were detected. No statistically significant relationship was found between age, gender, and calcifications. Conclusion: Cone beam computed tomography is a widely used imaging technique for dental diagnosis and treatment. Intracranial physiological calcifications may be a common incidental finding of CBCT scans.Öğe Cone beam CT evaluation of maxillary sinus floor and alveolar crest anatomy for the safe placement of implants(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2020) Şeker, Başak Kuşakçı; Orhan, Kaan; Şeker, Emre; Ustaoğlu, Gülbahar; Ozan, Oğuz; Bağış, NilsunBackground: Alveolar bone height in the posterior maxillary region is very important and critical for dental implant planning and placement. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the anatomy of the maxillary sinus floor in relation to the alveolar crest and to determine variations in the vertical measurements between the maxillary sinus floor and the alveolar bone crest tip in the posterior edentulous maxilla with the use of cone beam computerized tomography. Methods: This analysis enrolled 234 retrospectively selected patients (123 males with mean age 52.95 +/- 11.74 (range 32-76 years) and 111 females with mean age 58.14 +/- 11.92 (range 32-75 years)) with edentulous posterior maxillary regions. The maxillary sinus floor was divided into three anatomical segments (anterior, median and posterior) in relation to the transverse palatine suture. The measurements were performed on 3D surface rendered volumetric images by using rotation and translation of the views. Landmarks for measurement were specified by using a cursor driven pointer. Vertical lines were marked on the cross-sectional images between the alveolar ridge and the deepest point of the maxillary sinus floor for each of the three regions. P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: The mean distance values between the sinus floor and the alveolar crest in the anterior, median and posterior regions were 8.74 +/- 3.97 mm. 5.37 +/- 3.23 mm and 7.06 +/- 3.28 mm, respectively. Measurements in the anterior region were found to be high in both total and gender groups compared to other regions. Also, subsinus alveolar bone heights decreased with increasing age in both genders in all three regions. Conclusion: This study emphasizes that the mean subsinus alveolar bone height is highest in the anterior segment of the edentulous posterior maxilla. These results may guide clinicians to make the decision of implant placement area and lead to less invasive alternative surgery methods for edentulous posterior segments.Öğe Determining the reliability of diagnosis and treatment using artificial intelligence software with panoramic radiographs(Korean Acad Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, 2023) Orhan, Kaan; Belgin, Ceren Aktuna; Manulis, David; Golitsyna, Maria; Bayrak, Seval; Aksoy, SeçilPurpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI) program in identifying dental conditions using panoramic radiographs (PRs), as well as to assess the appropriateness of its treatment recommendations. Materials and Methods: PRs from 100 patients (representing 4497 teeth) with known clinical examination findings were randomly selected from a university database. Three dentomaxillofacial radiologists and the Diagnocat AI software evaluated these PRs. The evaluations were focused on various dental conditions and treatments, including canal filling, caries, cast post and core, dental calculus, fillings, furcation lesions, implants, lack of interproximal tooth contact, open margins, overhangs, periapical lesions, periodontal bone loss, short fillings, voids in root fillings, overfillings, pontics, root fragments, impacted teeth, artificial crowns, missing teeth, and healthy teeth. Results: The AI demonstrated almost perfect agreement (exceeding 0.81) in most of the assessments when compared to the ground truth. The sensitivity was very high (above 0.8) for the evaluation of healthy teeth, artificial crowns, dental calculus, missing teeth, fillings, lack of interproximal contact, periodontal bone loss, and implants. However, the sensitivity was low for the assessment of caries, periapical lesions, pontic voids in the root canal, and overhangs. Conclusion: Despite the limitations of this study, the synthesized data suggest that AI-based decision support systems can serve as a valuable tool in detecting dental conditions, when used with PR for clinical dental applications.Öğe Evaluating the effects of functional orthodontic treatment on mandibular osseous structure using fractal dimension analysis of dental panoramic radiographs(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2020) Cesur, Emre; Bayrak, Seval; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Arslan, Can; Köklü, Ayşegül; Orhan, KaanObjective: To evaluate the effects of functional appliance treatment on mandibular trabecular structure using fractal dimension (FD) analysis of dental panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using digital panoramic radiographs of 45 patients with Class II malocclusion treated with functional appliances (treatment group, mean age: 11.39 +/- 0.97 years; 23 girls, 22 boys) acquired before (T-0) and after (T-1) treatment and the panoramic radiographs of 45 control subjects who had undergone no orthodontic treatment (control group, mean age: 11.31 +/- 0.87 years; 23 girls, 22 boys). FD values in the condylar process, mandibular corpus, and mandibular angle were analyzed from the panoramic radiographs of both groups. Results: Analysis of changes in FD between T-0 and T-1 revealed significant increases in the FD values of the right and left condylar processes and right mandibular corpus in the treatment group (P<.001) and in the right condylar process in the control group (P<.05). Between-group comparisons demonstrated that the treatment group showed greater changes in the condylar process (right, P<.001; left, P<.05) and right mandibular corpus (P<.05) compared to controls. Correlation analysis between the cephalometric and FD changes in the treatment group showed the right condylar process changes were negatively correlated with GoGn/SN angle (P<.05) and positively correlated with Co-Go (P<.05), although these correlations were weak. Conclusions: FD analysis demonstrated significant changes in trabeculation of the condyle and mandibular corpus in the treatment group compared to the control group. Functional appliance treatment may lead to skeletal correction by altering skeletal form and trabeculation of the mandibular bone.Öğe Evaluation of a metal artifact reduction algorithm and an optimization filter in the estimation of peri-implant dehiscence defects by using cone beam computed tomography: an in-vitro study(Elsevier Science Inc, 2020) Bayrak, Seval; Orhan, Kaan; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Görürgöz, Cansu; Odabaşı, Onur; Yılmaz, Derviş; Atakan, CemalObjectives. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm and the adaptive image noise optimizer (AINO) optimization filter in the detection of peri-implant dehiscences with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Study Design. Nine implants (3 zirconium, 3 titanium, and 3 zirconium-titanium) were placed in 3 sheep heads. Dehiscences were created on the buccal and lingual/palatal surfaces. A total of 9 defects and 9 controls with no defects were evaluated by 3 observers. Each sheep head was scanned 5 times with 4 scan modes; (1) without MAR/without AINO; (2) with MAR/without AINO; (3) without MAR/with AINO; and (4) with MAR/with AINO. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and weighted kappa coefficients were used to calculate diagnostic efficacy and intra- and interobserver agreements for each implant type and scan mode. Results. For all implant types, dehiscences were most accurately detected when both MAR and AINO were applied (P <= .045). Detection of dehiscences was more accurate with titanium implants (P <= .040). There were no significant differences in agreement among and between the observers. Conclusions. The use of both MAR and AINO enhanced the detection accuracy of artificially created dehiscences in proximity to implants. Their combined use is recommended for detecting peri-implant dehiscences.Öğe Evaluation of osseous changes in dental panoramic radiography of thalassemia patients using mandibular indexes and fractal size analysis(Springer, 2020) Bayrak, Seval; Bulut, Duygu Göller; Orhan, Kaan; Sinanoğlu, Enver Alper; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Mısırlı, Melis; Ankaralı, HandanObjective This study aimed to evaluate the radiomorphometric indexes and fractal dimension (FD) on dental panoramic radiography (DPR) of Thalassemia Major (TM) patients. Methods In 59 TM patients and in 59 healthy control subjects, mandibular cortical index (MCI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), and FD of four different regions (FD1-4) were evaluated and compared using DPRs. Results The distribution of MCI in TM patients was similar to control subjects (p > 0.05). The mean MCW was significantly lower in TM patients (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in PMI between TM patients and control subjects. The mean of FD measured in the supracortical area above the angle of mandible (FD2), in the anterior to the mental foramen (FD4) and mean FD of four different regions was significantly lower in TM patients (p = 0.003, p = 0.001, and p = 0.014, respectively). Conclusions The radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimensions evaluated in the panoramic radiograph are capable of identifying thalassemia patients' jaw bone, and the results of DPR scanning can be used to refer these patients to appropriate medical investigation.Öğe Evaluation of the ethmoid bone using by cone beam computed tomography in Turkish subpopulation(MARMARA UNIV, INST HEALTH SCIENCES, 2021) Belgin, Ceren Aktuna; Bayrak, Seval; Orhan, KaanObjective: The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluated anatomical structures of ethmoid bone on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in a Turkish subpopulation. Methods: The CBCT images of 200 patients (116 female and 84 male), between the age of 18 and 50 years, who met the study criteria were selected randomly. The medial ethmoid roof height (MERH), cribriform plate height (CP), the height of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate (LLCP) were measured. All the data were grouped by age, side, and gender. Results: For MERH; the mean heights for the left and the right side were 25.55 +/- 3.00 mm and 25.24 +/- 3.01 mm, respectively. There was no significant difference between right MERH and genders (p>0.05). The mean LLCP heights on the right and left sides were 4.98 +/- 2.12 mm and 4.49 +/- 1.64 mm, respectively. It was found that LLCP height did not have a statistically significant correlation with gender (p>0.05). The average of right and left CPH were calculated 20.55 +/- 2.61 mm and 20.82 +/- 2.75 mm, respectively. Both the right and left CPH were significantly higher in males (p<0.05). Also, there was no correlation between the height of the anatomical structures of the evaluated ethmoid bone and the increase or decrease in age (p>0.05). Conclusion: Morphological differences in the anatomy of ethmoid bone were shown in this study. The anatomical structures showing changes due to factors such as side, age, gender, and race should be examined in three dimensions before the operation.Öğe Evaluation of the relationship between olfactory fossa measurements and nasal septum deviation for endoscopic sinus surgery(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020) Bayrak, Seval; Belgin, Ceren Aktuna; Orhan, KaanIntroduction: Endoscopic sinus surgeries (ESS) are frequently used in the treatment of optic nerve decompression, other intracranial lesions and sinonasal pathologies. The olfactory fossa can be localized on different levels in relation to the anterior cranial fossa. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the depth and width of the olfactory fossa (OF) in relation to nasal septum deviation (NSD). Methods: A total of 225 patient (141 female and 84 male, age range between 15 to 56 years) of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data was used in this study. NSD, OF width, OF depth were measured. OF depth which was grouped according to the Keros classification as Type I, II, and III was calculated. All measurements were performed bilaterally except for NSD. Results: In the right and left OF depth were found Keros Type I 32 (14.2%) and 30 (13.3%), Keros Type II 171 (76%) and 167 (74.2%), and Keros Type III 22 (9.8%) and 28 (12.4%) respectively. There was no statistically significant found between OF depth and NSD (P > 0.05). The mean angle of the NSD in men and women were 4.36 +/- 4.69(o)in women 4.11 +/- 4.36(o), respectively. The mean width of the right OF was 2.50 +/- 0.64 mm and 2.58 +/- 0.72 mm for the left side and there was no statistically significant association between OF width - NSD and OF width - OF depth (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The anatomy of the OF should be well established before surgical intervention increase of the length of the lateral lamella is also increases the risk of developing complications such as cerebral damage, hemorrhage, and cerebrospinal fluid fistula during endoscopic sinus surgery. Although there is no significant difference between OF measurement and NSD, with three-dimensional imaging detailed research is required before endoscopic sinus surgical operations.Öğe Investigation of the prevalence and main features of skull-base anomalies and characteristics of the sphenoid sinus using cone-beam computed tomography(Korean Acad Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 2022) Akbulut, Aslıhan; Demirel, Oğuzhan; Orhan, KaanObjectives: This study aimed to define the prevalence and characteristics of skull base anomalies and the features of sphenoid sinus pneumatization Materials and Methods: Five hundred cone-beam computed tomography scans were evaluated retrospectively for the presence of fossa navicularis magna (FNM), canalis basilaris medianus (CBM), sphenoid emissary foramen (SEF), and/or Onodi cells (OC). Patterns of the SSP and sphenoid sinus Results: The prevalence of FNM, CBM, SEF, and OC was 26.0%, 22.4%, 47.4%, and 18.4%, respectively. Two hundred sixty-two (52.4%) sellartype SSP were defined, followed by post-sellar 191 (38.2%), pre-sellar 31 (6.2%), and conchal 16 (3.2%) types. The frequency of SSMD less than 1 mm, 1-3 mm, and greater than 3 mm was 40.6%, 38.4%, and 21.0%, respectively. An SEF was detected more frequently in females, while SSMD greater than 3 mm was more frequent in males. An FNM was more prevalent in the 18-29 and 30-39 age groups and SEF was significantly less frequent in patients over 60 years of age compared to other age groups. A sinus mucosa larger than 3 mm was more common in the younger than 18 year group. The frequency of post-sellar-type pneumatization was lower in patients younger than 18 years. Conclusion: Skull-base anomalies are common and may be detected incidentally during imaging procedures. The sphenoid sinus, its variations, and pneumatization patterns should also be taken into consideration in imaging procedures performed for various purposes.Öğe Multiple regression modeling for age estimation by assessment and comparison of spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion and cervical vertebral maturation stages(Thieme Medical Publishers Inc, 2022) Belgin, Ceren Aktuna; Bayrak, Seval; Orhan, Kaan; Ankaralı, HandanObjectives The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the relationship between spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) fusion stages, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages, and clivus sizes with chronological age on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, and (2) to compare these methods for accurate age estimation using regression analysis. Materials and Methods The CBCT images of 200 individuals (102 females and 98 males) were included in the study. The SOS fusion stages and CVM stages were evaluated. The width and length of the clivus were measured. The effects of SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length on age estimation were evaluated by univariate tests and the effects of coexistence with ANCOVA and regression model. Spearman rank correlation analysis was also used to investigate the relationship between the SOS fusion stage, CVM stage, clivus width, and clivus length. Results The SOS stages, CVM stages, and clivus width were not shown statistically significant differences between the sexes (p-values=0.205, 0.162, and 0.277, respectively), whereas clivus length was significantly longer in males (42.94.26mm) than in females (41.04 +/- 3.74mm). Multiple regression analysis showed 80% success when all parameters (SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length) were taken into consideration. Conclusion In conclusion, with the use of CVM stages and SOS fusion stages together, an accurate and reliable age estimation can be obtained in forensic medicine.Öğe Multiple regression modeling for age estimation by assessment and comparison of spheno-occipital synchondrosis usion and cervical vertebral maturation stages(Thieme Medical Publ Inc, 2020) Belgin, Ceren Aktuna; Bayrak, Seval; Orhan, Kaan; Ankaralı, HandanObjectives The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the relationship between spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) fusion stages, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages, and clivus sizes with chronological age on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, and (2) to compare these methods for accurate age estimation using regression analysis. Materials and Methods The CBCT images of 200 individuals (102 females and 98 males) were included in the study. The SOS fusion stages and CVM stages were evaluated. The width and length of the clivus were measured. The effects of SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length on age estimation were evaluated by univariate tests and the effects of coexistence with ANCOVA and regression model. Spearman rank correlation analysis was also used to investigate the relationship between the SOS fusion stage, CVM stage, clivus width, and clivus length. Results The SOS stages, CVM stages, and clivus width were not shown statistically significant differences between the sexes (p-values=0.205, 0.162, and 0.277, respectively), whereas clivus length was significantly longer in males (42.94.26mm) than in females (41.04 +/- 3.74mm). Multiple regression analysis showed 80% success when all parameters (SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length) were taken into consideration. Conclusion In conclusion, with the use of CVM stages and SOS fusion stages together, an accurate and reliable age estimation can be obtained in forensic medicine.Öğe Prevalence of anatomical variants in the clivus: fossa navicularis magna, canalis basilaris medianus, and craniopharyngeal canal(Springer France, 2019) Bayrak, Seval; Bulut, Duygu Göller; Orhan, KaanPurposeThis study determined the prevalence of fossa navicularis magna (FNM), canalis basilaris medianus (CBM), and craniopharyngeal canal (CPC), the size of FNMs, and types of CBM using 3D computed tomography (CT) images.MethodsA total of 1059 3D images [649 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 410 CT] were evaluated in this study. The prevalence of FNM, CBM, and CPC, length, width, and depth of FNM, and type of CBM were assessed.ResultsOverall, FNM was identified in 7.6%, CPC in 0.3%, and CBM in 2.5% of the study group. Type 2 (0.1%) and Type 6 (0.1%) are the least common CBM types. There was no significant difference between genders for depth and width measurements (p>0.05), however, the length of FNM was significantly higher in males than females in CBCT images (p=0.02).ConclusionFNM, CBM, and CPC are rare anatomical variants of clivus. However, they can facilitate spread of infection to the skull base or vice-versa. These types of anatomical variations should be known by radiologists to avoid unnecessary diagnosis and treatment procedures and to distinguish anatomic variations from pathological conditions.Öğe Trabecular structure designation using fractal analysis technique on panoramic radiographs of patients with bisphosphonate intake: A preliminary study(Springer, 2019) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Bayrak, Seval; Akbulut, Nihat; Atakan, Cemal; Orhan, KaanObjectiveThis study was performed to evaluate the trabecular pattern of patients with cancer taking bisphosphonates on panoramic images using fractal dimension (FD) analysis by comparison with healthy subjects and to assess whether any difference exists between regions.MethodsFD analysis was conducted using ImageJ 1.3 software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) with the box-counting method on panoramic radiographs of 33 patients taking bisphosphonates (13 males and 20 females) and 33 healthy sex- and age-matched individuals.ResultsFD values were higher (1.390.14) in the study group than control group (1.38 +/- 0.07) (p0.05). No difference was detected in the FD values among the tested regions. The mean FD values in the control and study groups were as follows: region 1, 1.49 and 1.41 (p=0.54); region 2, 1.36 and 1.37 (p=0.84); region 3, 1.35 and 1.42 (p=0.11); and region 4, 1.39 and 1.39 (p=0.90), respectively. Female patients showed significantly lower values above the mandibular canal on the distal side of the second premolar and anterior to the mental foramen than did male patients (p0.05). Age was unrelated to the FD in the study group (p0.05).ConclusionsThe FD values of the patients with cancer taking bisphosphonates were higher than those of the controls. FD analysis showed the potential for examining bone structure in panoramic radiographs. Studies with a larger sample size are necessary to confirm these results.
