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Öğe Anadolu çaprazının mazı arısı Andricus caputmedusae (Hartig, 1843) ve paraziti olduğu meşelerin filogenetik yapısı üzerine etkisi(2009) Mutun, Serap; Uslu, Emel; Babaç, M. Tekin-Öğe The Anatolian diagonal and paleoclimatic changes shaped the phylogeography of Cynips quercus (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)(Finnish Zoological Botanical Publishing Board, 2019) Mutun, Serap; Dinç, SerdarCynips quercus is a with widespread oak-gall wasp species distributed across the Western Palearctic from Europe, the northern Caucasus and North Africa to Iran. In this study, we used 175 asexual-generation individuals of C. quercus collected from 30 localities in Turkey to investigate the effects of topography and climatic factors on the phylogeographic structure of the species. Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene (MT-CYB) and the nuclear ITS2 region supported a genetic break between the eastern and the western sides of the Anatolian Diagonal. The ITS2 results indicated that the populations underwent expansion, while in contrast the MT-CYB data implied a stable population structure for C. quercus. Molecular clock applied to the MT-CYB data suggested that the climatic and environmental changes during the Pliocene and Pleistocene had a profound effect on the phylogeography of the species.Öğe Bitki ve böcekler arasındaki bilek güreşi: gal oluşumu ve gal arıları(2023) Mutun, SerapDünyada yaşamın ilk ortaya çıkmasından bu yana pek çok farklı yaşam formu hem birbirleri ile hem de cansız çevre faktörleriyle etkileşim içinde bulunmuşlar ve evrimleşerek çeşitlenmişlerdir. Bu etkileşimler arasında en dikkat çekici olanlarından biri bitkiler ile gal oluşturan böcekler arasında görülür. Özellikle gal arıları (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) oldukça karmaşık gal yapıları ile adaptif radyasyonun en güzel örneklerinden birini sergiler. Sıra dışı bitki yapıları olan gallerin oluşabilmesi için herbivor böcek, bitkinin savunma bariyerlerini tek tek geçerek konak genomunu yeniden programlar ve onun öz kaynaklarını kendi lehine kullanır. Gal oluşum sürecinde hücre proliferasyonunun başlatılması sonrasında konak için tamamen yeni ve olağan dışı yapıların oluşumuna kadar bir dizi gen, molekül ve metabolik yol ve yolak kullanılır. Son yıllarda yapılan moleküler çalışmalarda artış olsa da gal oluşumu, moleküler mekanizmalar ve gal komünitelerindeki evrimsel ilişkiler henüz yeni yeni aydınlatılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu derleme çalışmasında gal oluşumu, meşe gal arıları (Cynipidae, Cynipini) temel alınarak morfolojik ve güncel moleküler bilgiler ışığında kısaca özetlenmeye çalışılmıştır.Öğe Contributions to the gallwasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) fauna of Turkey with one new record(2011) Mutun, Serap; Dinç, SerdarThis study was carried out to contribute the oak gallwasp fauna (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of Turkey. Oak gallwasp specimens collected in the summer of 2010 from Gümüşhane, Turkey were examined for revealing the gallwasp species diversity. Among the collected species 16 are reported previously however with this study new distribution ranges are provided. Furthermore, Cynips korsakovi is reported for the first time here as new species for the Turkish fauna.Öğe Corythucha ciliata, a new Platanus pest in Turkey(Springer, 2009) Mutun, SerapAn invasive Tingidae, the platanus lace bug Corythucha ciliata (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), which specializes on Platanus spp., was found for the first time in Turkey in 2007; it was recorded from a 120 km(2) area in the northwestern part of the country. Infestations occurred in an area between Taskesti and Abant in Bolu Province, which is located near major cities and two main motorways. The pest species is newly spreading in Turkey, causing noticeable damage to Platanus orientalis trees.Öğe Dreyfusia nordmannianae in Northern and Central Europe : potential for biological control and comments on its taxonomy(Wiley-Blackwell, 2013) Ravn, H. P.; Havill, N. P.; Akbulut, Süleyman; Foottit, R. G.; Serin, Metin; Erdem, Mahir; Mutun, SerapThe silver fir woolly adelgid, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, is the most severe pest occurring on Abies nordmanniana in Central and Northern Europe. The adelgid is particularly damaging to trees in Christmas tree plantations. Dreyfusia nordmannianae is native to the Caucasus region and alien to Europe, where its natural enemy complex is less diverse compared to its area of origin. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data from the samples of D.nordmannianae collected in its native range and Europe and from the samples of Dreyfusia piceae and Dreyfusia prelli collected in Europe and North America were examined for phylogenetic structure. There was no evidence of differentiation, suggesting that these Dreyfusia species have recently diverged or require taxonomic revision. All existing published and unpublished reports on natural enemies of D.nordmannianae in its place of origin were reviewed, with the purpose of selecting agents for classical biological control in Europe. The literature review suggested that the most promising agent was the Chamaemyiidae fly, Leucopis hennigrata. A new survey in D.nordmannianae's area of origin - Turkey, Georgia and Russia - showed that L.hennigrata was present in all localities. It was particularly abundant in Turkey, where its impact on populations of D.nordmannianae appears to be high. Its use as a biological control agent is discussed, as well as other biological control strategies.Öğe First report of the oak lace bug, corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) (Heteroptera : Tingidae) from Bolu, Turkey(Science From Israel-Division Of Laser Pages Publ Ltd, 2003) Mutun, SerapThe American oak lace bug, Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) (Heteroptera: Tingidae), known as a Nearctic species, is distributed in the United States and Canada (Froeschner and Miller, 2002). This species was recently reported by Bernardinelli and Zandigiacomo (2000, 2001) from northern Italy. C. arcuata feeds mostly on different Quercus species, causing leaf discoloration and wilting, especially in Q. robur, Q. petrea, and Q. pubescens and in Q. robur × Q. petrea hybrids (Bernardinelli and Zandigiacomo, 2000). Individuals of the species feed by piercing the leaf epidermis from the underside of the leaf with their mouthparts and sucking out the cellular sap material.Öğe Four new species of Andricus Hartig oak gallwasp from Turkey (Hymenoptera : Cynipidae, Cynipini)(Magnolia Press, 2014) Mutun, Serap; Dinç, Serdar; Bozso, Miklos; Melika, GeorgeFour new species of oak gallwasps, Andricus ahmeti, A. anatolicus, A. bakrachus and A. turcicus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) are described from Turkey. All four species are known only from asexual females and induce galls on twigs and young shoots on Q. infectoria, Q. macranthera and Q. petraea. Data on the diagnosis, distribution and biology of the four new species are given. Andricus stonei and Aphelonyx kordestanica are listed for the first time for the Turkish oak gallwasp fauna.Öğe Gall Forming Wasp Species of Oak Forests in Bolu(Adiyaman University, 2020) Mutun, Serap; Dinç, SerdarOak cynipid galls were collected between 2006-2019 to reveal species diversity of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) in Bolu. Collected galls were brought to laboratory and kept at room temperature in jars covered by tulle until adult cynipid wasps emerged. As a result, 44 species from 8 genera showed that Andricus is the most specious genus with 26 species. Our results indicate that Bolu bears high gall wasp species diversity. In this study, new distribution ranges are provided for most of the cynipid species previously reported for Turkey. © 2020, Adiyaman University. All rights reserved.Öğe Intraspecific genetic diversity of the oak gall wasp Andricus lucidus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) populations in Anatolia(2011) Mutun, SerapIntraspecifi c genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Andricus lucidus haplotypes from Turkey were studied by PCR-RFLP analysis. A total of 26 haplotypes were detected among 144 individuals collected from 9 populations. Th e estimated average haplotype and nucleotide diversity within populations were 0.8089 and 0.115542, respectively. Nucleotide divergence estimates among the analyzed oak gall wasp populations ranged between 0.012% and 7.3%. Dendrograms indicated that there was a relationship between the geographical distribution of haplotypes and their clustering. AMOVA analysis for estimation of the partitioning of genetic diff erentiation at all diff erent hierarchical levels was statistically signifi cant. Analysis of variance revealed that the highest genetic variance (61.21%) was present within populations and a signifi cant partitioning of variance (26.85%) was found among groups. Overall, the present study indicates that the oak gall wasp haplotypes found in diff erent populations from Turkey have a signifi cant amount of genetic diversity and form geographically signifi cant groupings.Öğe Intraspecific genetic variation and phylogeography of the oak gallwasp andricus caputmedusae (hymenoptera: cynipidae): Effects of the anatolian diagonal(Hungarian Natural History Museum, 2010) Mutun, SerapPhysical barriers and major climatic oscillations in the Pleistocene are of enormous importance for the distribution and current population genetic structure of many animal taxa. Anatolia was one of the main corridors for postglacial colonization of Europe and it is characterized by rich biodiversity. In the present study, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) RFLPs were used to assess i) the phylogeographic relationships among 26 populations of an oak gallwasp, Andricus caputmedusae, and ii) the impact of the heterogenous topography on the geographic structure of populations. PCR was used to amplify a ca. 2540 base pair mtDNA region spanning the genes ND4, ND4L, tRNA(Thr), tRNA(Pro), ND6 and part of cytochrome b. Digestion of this region with eight restriction enzymes yielded a total of 31 haplotypes that divided sampled populations into three phylogenetic assemblages reflecting their geographic location. The average haplotype and nucleotide diversities within populations were 0.4631 and 0.101214, respectively. AMOVA analysis attributed high levels of genetic variation to variation within populations (31.26%), variation within groups (24.85%), and variation among groups (43.89%). Estimation of the age of divergence between mitochondrial lineages with reference to the geological history of Anatolia suggests that the current population structure of A. caputmedusae was shaped by both the Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and the heterogenous topography of Anatolia.Öğe Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation and historical biogeography of the eastern lubber grasshopper, romalea microptera(Entomol Soc Amer, 2004) Mutun, Serap; Borst, David W.The genetic and geographical variation, gene flow, and the historical biogeography of the eastern lubber grasshopper, Romalea microptera (=guttata) (Houttuyn), were examined by sequencing a 420-bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Individuals (168) were collected from 12 sites in the southern United States that covered most of the range reported for this species. These populations contained 49 mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. A high level of genetic diversity was observed in these populations (3.8%), most of which was due to variation within populations. The highest genetic variation was found in a northern Florida population (collected at St. Marks, FL), and the lowest was found in a southern Florida population (Copeland, FL). Estimates of historical and current population sizes suggest that most of the lubber populations drastically declined in size at some point in the past. In contrast to previous studies on several other species in this region, phylogenetic analyses (PAUP) and haplotype age phylogenies (PHYLIP) showed no major geographic structure. These observations suggest that the distribution of this species in the past may have been homogeneous, rather than the patchy distribution that is currently observed. Alternatively, this result may reflect the absence of long-term barriers for the dispersal of this species. Either of these might have contributed to the lack of a genetic structure divided geographically into east-west groupings that is seen in other species from this region.Öğe Invasion by the oak lace bug, Corythucha arcuata (Say) (Heteroptera: Tingidae), in Turkey(2009) Mutun, Serap; Ceyhan, Zeycan; Sözen, CanCorythucha arcuata (Heteroptera: Tingidae) is an important pest species that causes severe damage to oak species by sucking up the cellular sap material and leaving its eggs on the underside of leaves. Considered a Nearctic species with a wide distribution, especially in the United States and southern Canada, it has recently been reported beyond the North American continent, specifically in Italy, Switzerland, and Turkey. Since its first report from Bolu, in 2003, the oak lace bug has rapidly dispersed throughout Turkey - to Düzce, Zonguldak, Sakarya, Kocaeli, Eskişehir, Ankara, Çankırı, and Bilecik provinces. The present study determined that the oak lace bug has infected 28,000 km2 of Turkey.Öğe Investigation of genetic variation among Turkish populations of Andricus lignicola using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence data(2015) Mutun, Serap; Karagözoğlu, HülyaGenetic diversity and diversification of the Anatolian populations of Andricus lignicola (Hartig, 1840) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) were investigated using 433 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Eighteen distinct haplotypes from 15 populations were determined. Analyses indicated average haplotype and nucleotide diversity as 0.325 and 0.008, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses conducted through the application of maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony produced similar topologies with two major clade structures supported by high bootstrap values. Bayesian analysis produced more polytomies without major basal groupings of the haplotypes. Parsimony network analysis revealed four haplogroups, and the largest group comprised half of the haplotypes. Our preliminary ABGD analysis implied the presence of four hidden lineages with the possibility of a cryptic species complex within A. lignicola. Hierarchical F-statistics (AMOVA) for detecting partitioning of molecular variation supported the presence of a conspicuous amount of genetic differentiation among these four primary groups.Öğe The localization and structure of a neurohemal H-organ in Acrida bicolor (Thunberg) and Locusta migratoria (Linneaus) (Orthoptera)(1998) Mutun, Serap; Öber, AylaAcrida bicolor (Thunberg) and Locusta migratoria (Linneaus) nymphs were taken as objects to investigate the presence of neurohemal H-organ in Orthoptera of which was previously reported in Lepidoptera. A triangle-shaped H-organ was clearly observed in between the suboesophagial and prothoracic ganglions in two species.Öğe Longitudinal range expansion and cryptic eastern species in the western Palaearctic oak gallwasp, Andricus coriarius(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2007) Challis, Richard J.; Mutun, Serap; Nieves-Aldrey, Jose-Luis; Preuss, Sonja; Rokas, AntonisThe oak gallwasp Andricus coriarius is distributed across the Western Palaearctic from Morocco to Iran. It belongs to a clade of host-alternating Andricus species that requires host oaks in two sections of Quercus subgenus Quercus to complete its lifecycle, a requirement that has restricted the historic distribution and dispersal of members of this clade. Here we present nuclear and mitochondrial sequence evidence from the entire geographic range of A. coriarius to investigate the genetic legacy of longitudinal range expansion. We show A. coriarius as currently understood to be para- or polyphyletic, with three evolutionarily independent (but partially sympatric) lineages that diverged c. 10 million years ago (mya). The similarities in gall structure that have justified recognition of single species to date thus represent either strong conservation of an ancestral state or striking convergence. All three lineages originated in areas to the east of Europe, underlining the significance of Turkey, Iran and the Levant as 'cradles' of gallwasp evolution. One of the three lineages gave rise to all European populations, and range expansion from a putative Eastern origin to the present distribution is predicted to have occurred around 1.6 mya.Öğe Mitochondrial barcodes are diagnostic of shared refugia but not species in hybridizing oak gallwasps(Wiley, 2012) Nicholls, James A.; Challis, Richard J.; Mutun, Serap; Stone, Graham N.Mitochondrial DNA barcodes provide a simple taxonomic tool for systematic and ecological research, with particular benefit for poorly studied or species-rich taxa. Barcoding assumes genetic diversity follows species boundaries; however, many processes disrupt species-level monophyly of barcodes leading to incorrect classifications. Spatial population structure, particularly when shared across closely related and potentially hybridizing taxa, can invalidate barcoding approaches yet few data exist to examine its impacts. We test how shared population structure across hybridizing species impacts upon mitochondrial barcodes by sequencing the cytochrome b gene for 518 individuals of four well-delimited Western Palaearctic gallwasp species within the Andricus quercuscalicis species group. Mitochondrial barcodes clustered individuals into mixed-species clades corresponding to refugia, with no difference in within- and between-species divergence. Four nuclear genes were also sequenced from 4 to 11 individuals per refugial population of each species. Multi-locus analyses of these data supported established species, with no support for the refugial clustering across species seen in mitochondrial barcodes. This pattern is consistent with mitochondrial introgression among populations of species sharing the same glacial refugium, such that mitochondrial barcodes identify a shared history of population structure rather than species. Many taxa show phylogeographic structure across glacial refugia, suggesting that mitochondrial barcoding may fail when applied to other sets of co-distributed, closely related species. Robust barcoding approaches must sample extensively across population structure to disentangle spatial from species-level variation. Methods incorporating multiple unlinked loci are also essential to accommodate coalescent variation among genes and provide power to resolve recently diverged species.Öğe Molecular diversity and phylogeography of Andricus curtisii (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in Turkey(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Mutun, SerapA 433-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and the entire nuclear ITS2 region were sequenced in an oak gall wasp species, Andricus curtisii, which represents 21 populations across its range in Turkey. Forty cytochrome b haplotypes and 63 ITS2 alleles were discovered among the 161 individuals studied. Remarkable genetic variation was detected in the species, with an average haplotype diversity (h) of 0.72 and 0.76 and an average nucleotide diversity (pi) of 0.06 and 0.01 for the cyt b gene and the ITS region, respectively. Most populations were genetically distinct, possessing unique cytochrome b haplotypes. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses and application of the haplotype network to both datasets revealed that the most basally located haplotypes/alleles were from the eastern part of Turkey. The detection of older sequences in the phylogenetic trees of the easterly located populations implied an eastern origin of the species. The application of a conventional insect mitochondrial DNA clock to the dataset suggested a splitting of ingroup haplotypes from the outgroup lineages predating the Pleistocene epoch and the formation of two major haplogroups that coincided with the oscillation of the early Pleistocene glaciations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe A new species of Andricus Hartig oak gall wasp from Turkey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)(Univ Oradea Publ House, 2014) Dinç, Serdar; Mutun, Serap; Melika, GeorgeA new species of oak gall wasp, Andricus shuhuti (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) is described from Turkey. This species is known only from asexual females and induces galls on the twigs and young shoots of Quercus vulcanica and Q. infectoria. Data on the diagnosis, distribution and biology of the new species are given.Öğe PCR-RFLP variation of the oak gall wasp, Andricus quercustozae (Bosc, 1792) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from Turkey(2011) Dinç, Serdar; Mutun, SerapBu çalışmada ülkemizde bulunan Andricus quercustozae (Bosc, 1792)’nin tür içi mitokondriyal DNA çeşitliliği 2006-2008 yılları arasında yapılan arazi çalışmalarında toplanan örneklerle PCR-RFLP yöntemi kullanılarak çalışılmıştır. Onaltı populasyondan toplanan 95 bireyde toplam 28 haplotip belirlenmiştir. Haplotip ve nükleotid çeşitliliği sırasıyla 0.45 ve 0.05 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Analiz edilen populasyonlar arasında en fazla nükleotid farklılaşması % 9.0 olarak hesaplanmıştır bu da A. quercustozae haplotipleri arasında oldukça eski bir ayrılmayı ifade etmektedir. PHYLIP programı kullanılarak elde edilen dendrogram haplotiplerin coğrafik dağılımları ile oluşturdukları gruplar arasında bir bağıntının olduğunu göstermektedir. Genetik farklılaşmanın dağılımını belirlemek için yapılan AMOVA analizi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma A. quercustozae populasyonlarının oldukça fazla genetik çeşitliliğe sahip olduğunu ve coğrafik olarak belirli gruplaşmalar yaptığını ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında çalışılan türün populasyon genetik yapısının şekillenmesinde ülkemiz topografyasının ve evrimsel tarihinin etkili olduğu sonucu çıkarılabilir.
