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Öğe ALTERNATİF PROTEİN KAYNAĞI OLARAK BÖCEKLERİN KANATLI KARMA YEMLERİNDE KULLANIMI(2020) Midilli, Mustafa; Özcan, MehmetDünya nüfusunun artışına paralel olarak artan hayvansal protein ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla kanatlı eti ve yumurtaya olan talebin önümüzdeki yıllarda artması beklenmektedir. Bu nedenle kanatlı karma yem üretiminde kullanılan protein kaynaklarına ihtiyaç da büyük ölçüde artacaktır. Islah çalışmaları ile yüksek genetik kapasiteye sahip etlik piliç ve yumurta tavuklarının besin maddesi ve enerji ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak önemlidir. Bu nedenle, yem endüstrisi balık unu gibi pahalı hayvansal kökenli sınırlı protein kaynakları yerine ikame edilebilecek besin madde değeri, sindirilebilirliği yüksek ve üretim miktarı fazla olan yeni protein kaynaklarına ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Son yıllarda alternatif protein kaynağı olarak çeşitli böcek türlerinin etlik piliç, yumurta tavuğu ve hindi gibi kanatlı hayvanların karma yemlerinde balık unu yerine belli oranlarda ikame edilebileceği ve hayvanların performansını olumlu yönde etkilediğini bildiren birçok bilimsel çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu derlemede, böcek kökenli alternatif protein kaynaklarının besin madde özellikleri, kanatlı beslenmesinde kullanılma olanakları, avantaj ve dezavantajları, performans ve sağlık durumları üzerine etkilerinin güncel literatür ışığında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Öğe Antioxidant Properties of Myrtus Extract: in vitro Assays and in vivo Experimental Animal Study(2024) Denk, Barış; Özçinar, Ümit; Özsandik, Ismail Hakkı; Shah, Syed Rizwan Ali; Çetingül, Ibrahim Sadi; Çalik, Ali; Midilli, MustafaObjective: The study explores Myrtus communis L. extract (ME) as a potential antioxidant agent in drinking water. It encompassed in vitro assays and in vivo tests on Wistar albino rats.Material and Methods: ME's antioxidant activity (AOA) was evaluated using metal chelating activity (MCA), reducing power (RP), and superoxide radical scavenging activity (SRSA) assays. In vivo experiments involved exposing rat groups to various ME concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 ve 5 mL/cage). Redox parameters were analyzed in blood, liver, and kidney tissues, exploring treatment, gender, and redox marker interactions. Results: MCA showed the highest AOA at 0.1 mg/mL and the lowest at 0.4 mg/mL, while RP exhibited the opposite (p<0.05). The changes in SRSA levels were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Pearson correlation unveiled a strong negative link between RP and SRSA (p<0.05). MCA and RP showed a weaker, insignificant negative correlation, while MCA and SRSA displayed a moderate, little positive correlation (p<0.05). In vivo analysis highlighted interactions among treatment, gender, and redox markers. Total oxidant status (TOS) in blood was affected by the interaction of treatment and gender. TOS exhibited dose-dependent effects in blood, while other parameters (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant status) remained unchanged primarily (p<0.05). Conclusion: ME showed concentration-dependent antioxidant effects in vitro and in vivo. Although tissue redox balance was minimally affected, kidney GSH elevation indicated potential antioxidant benefits. This underscores ME's potential as a natural health supplement, urging further investigations for optimal doses and effects. The study highlights ME's potential in the food and pharmaceutical sectors.Öğe Broyler rasyonlarına katılan enzim ve probiyotiklerin besi performansına etkileri(2001) Midilli, Mustafa; Tuncer, Şakir DoğanBu araştırma arpa-buğday temeline dayalı rasyonlara, enzim ve probiyotiklerin birlikte ve ayrı katılmalarının, broylerlerde besi performansı, karkas randımanı, ince barsak uzunluğu ve ağırlığı, karaciğer ve abdominal yağ ağırlığı ile barsak viskozitesi ve yapışlkan dışkı oranına etkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yürütüldü. Araştırrmada 600 adet günlük Hubbard broyler civciv kullanıldı. Araştırma her biri 150 adet civcivden oluşan 1 kontrol, 3 deneme olmak üzere 4 grup halinde yürütüldü. Her grup 25’er civcivden oluşan altı tekrar grubuna ayrılarak toplam 24 grup oluşturuldu. Kontrol grubu katkısız yemle beslenirken, deneme grubu rasyonlarına sırasıyla enzim (1 kg avizyme/ton), probiyotik (0.23 kg fastrack/ton), ve enzim + probiyotik (1 kg avizyme + 0.23 kg fastrack/ton) ilave edildi. Araştırma sonunda broyler yemlerine katılan enzim ile enzim + probiyotiğin canlı ağırlık artışı ve yemden yararlanma oranları üzerine etkisinin kontrol grubuna göre önemli ölçüde olumlu olduğu ( P< 0.001), deneme gruplarında barsak içeriği viskozitesi (P< 0.05), sıcak ve soğuk karkas randımanları ile karaciğer ağırlıklarının daha yüksek olduğu (P<0.001) saptandı. Ayrıca deneme gruplarında ince barsak ağırlığı enzim ile enzim + probiyotik grubunda kontrole göre sırasıyla % 17.95 ve % 9.47 oranında arttığı, probiyotik grubunda ise % 1.41 oran›nda azaldığı tesbit edildi (P<0.001).Öğe Comparison of broiler live performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of thigh meat when fed diets supplemented with neutralized sunflower soapstock or soybean oil(Poultry Science Assoc Inc, 2013) Pekel, Ahmet Yavuz; Demirel, Gülcan; Midilli, Mustafa; Öğretmen, Tülay; Kocabağlı, NeşeTwo experiments were conducted to determine the influence of adding neutralized sunflower soapstock (NSS) or soybean oil (SO) to the broiler diet. In experiment 1, one hundred five 15-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were used to evaluate the AME(n) of NSS by the difference method. In experiment 2, a completely randomized design was used to evaluate the effects of fat source and level on broiler live performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of thigh meat. A 2 x 3 factorial arrangement with 2 types of fat (NSS and SO) at 3 levels of inclusion (2, 4, and 6%) was used with 5 replicates per treatment using total of 750 birds. The average AME(n) of the NSS was determined as 8,530 kcal/kg. Performance of birds was unaffected by the dietary fat sources. Increasing the fat level from 2 to 6% improved the overall BW gain (P < 0.0001) and FCR (P < 0.001) of broilers, whereas feed intake was unaffected by different fat levels. Hot carcass yield and rib cage weight were higher for SO-fed birds than NSS-fed birds (P < 0.05). Wings and rib cage weights were higher in birds fed the 6% fat diet (P < 0.05). Leg quarter yield decreased with increased levels of fat inclusion (P < 0.01), whereas breast yield increased (P < 0.05). Dietary fat type modified fatty acids of thigh meat, resulting in significantly higher content of C14:0, C16:0, C16: 1, C18:1, sum of saturated fatty acids, and sum of monounsaturated fatty acids in birds fed NSS diets, whereas C18: 2, C18: 3, C20:0, and sum of polyunsaturated fatty acid contents decreased with NSS inclusion (P < 0.05). Saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids significantly decreased and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased when dietary fat level increased (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, NSS can be included in broiler diets without any major differences in live performance by modifying the fatty acid profile of meat.Öğe Comparison of broiler meat quality when fed diets supplemented with neutralized sunflower soapstock or soybean oil(Poultry Science Assoc Inc, 2012) Pekel, Ahmet Yavuz; Demirel, Gülcan; Midilli, Mustafa; Yalçıntan, Hülya; Ekiz, Bülent; Alp, M.The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of dietary fat type and level on broiler meat quality. A 2 x 3 factorial arrangement with 2 types of fat including neutralized sunflower soapstock (NSS) and soybean oil (SO) at 3 levels of fat inclusion (2, 4, and 6%) was used with 5 replicates per treatment using 750 one-day-old broiler chicks in a completely randomized design. At the end of the study (d 36), 10 broilers from each replication were processed at a commercial slaughtering facility. Six carcasses from each replicate were used for meat quality evaluation. With the exception of 3 responses [breast meat lightness (L*) at 1 and 2 d, and redness (a*) at 5 d], there were no interactions between fat source and level. Breast meat pH at 15 min was not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. However, breast meat pH at 24 h postmortem was decreased (P < 0.01) in broilers fed the NSS. Breast meat cooking loss, shear force, and color did not differ between fat sources. Breast meat cooking loss decreased (P < 0.05) when the dietary levels of fat increased. Thigh meat TBA reactive substances were not different due to dietary fat source and level. Breast meat and skin L* value significantly decreased when the dietary levels of fat increased. Breast meat a* value was highest for the 6% fat fed birds on d 2 (P < 0.05) and d 5 (P < 0.01). Higher dietary fat levels decreased the b* values of breast meat except d 5. Breast skin yellowness (b*) value was higher (P < 0.01) for the SO-fed birds compared with NSS-fed birds. Thigh meat of the birds fed the NSS was lighter (P < 0.05) than that of the birds fed SO diets except d 5. Overall, data suggest that NSS can be used as an alternative fat source to SO with little effect on meat quality.Öğe Effect of poppy seed meal in broiler diets(2006) Bayram, İsmail; Midilli, Mustafa; Bozkurt, Zehra; Karadaş, Erkan; Köken,TülayThe present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of rations containing different levels of poppy seed meal (PSM) on BWG, FC, FCR, carcass yield, pathological changes and also some blood parameters in broiler. Totally 480 day old broiler chicks (Cobb) were divided into 6 groups and fed with containing a control (0% PSM) and 5 experimental diets containing different levels (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) PSM. Diet containing different levels of PSM significantly (P<0.001) increased in BWG and FC, but did not cause significant change in the FCR and carcass yield; and significantly (P<0.001) reduced the proportional organ weights. Although no significant differences were observed among the groups for cholesterol, trigliseride, AST and ALT levels were found the highest in the PSM (P<0.01). Some pathological lesions in organs of the birds fed different levels of PSM for 42 days were observed.Öğe The effects of dietary glycerol on growth and laying performance, egg traits and some blood biochemical parameters in quails(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2009) Erol, Hüseyin Emre; Yalçın, Sakine; Midilli, Mustafa; Yalçın, S.This study was designed to investigate the effects of different closes of glycerol from biodiesel production added to diets oil growth and laying performance, egg traits and some blood biochemical parameters in laying quails. A total of 425 (Coturnix coturnix japonica) quails, 10 weeks old, were randomly allotted into 5 groups of 85 birds each and glycerol was administered at the doses of 0 (control group), 25, 50 75 and 100 g/kg of diets during the 18 weeks long experimental period. The dietary glycerol treatment has not increased the mortality rate and has not significantly affected the growth and the laying parameters (body weight gain. food Consumption and efficiency. egg production aid weight). Only the highest glycerol dose has significantly altered the egg quality by decreasing the albumen height, the albumen index and the Haugh unit (P < 0.001) and increasing the yolk cholesterol content (P < 0.05). Furthermore. even if only a significant decrease of the stearic acid was evidenced (P < 0.05), the yolk composition in fatty acids appeared to he relatively modified with slight increases of sonic minor saturated acids, of the 2 monounsaturated C16:1 and C18:1 acids and of all polyunsaturated acids and decreases of the majority of monounsaturated acids, Under glycerol supplementation. In addition, except for the lowest dose, the serum triglyceride concentrations were significantly depressed (P < 0.001) and the serum ALT activities were also significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in birds receiving 50 or 100 g/kg glycerol in diets. These results suggest that. contrary to the highest dose, glycerol up to 75 g/kg in diets did not adversely affect the performance of laying quails and the egg quality and would be used as an alternative energy source.Öğe The effects of dietary oregano essential oil on live performance, carcass yield, serum immunoglobulin G level, and oocyst count in broilers(Poultry Science Assoc Inc, 2012) Alp, M.; Midilli, Mustafa; Kocabağlı, Neşe; Yılmaz, Hüseyin; Turan, N.The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary oregano essential oil on the live performance, carcass yield, and serum IgG levels of broilers and to examine its anticoccidial effect. In a completely randomized design, 1,200 straight-run Ross 308 broilers were allocated into 3 experimental groups, each consisting of 5 replicates. The first group received a basal diet with an anticoccidial (Cygro) at a level of 100 mg/kg of the feed. The second group received diets supplemented with oregano essential oil (Orego-Stim) at a level of 300 mg/kg of the feed, whereas the third group received neither the coccidiostat nor oregano oil (negative control). Throughout the experimental period of 42 d, individual BW and pen feed intake were recorded weekly, and FCR were calculated. Blood samples were collected on d 1 and 42 to determine serum IgG levels. Oocyst counts were determined in excreta samples taken at 10-d intervals from each replication. Results indicated that dietary oregano essential oil and anticoccidial supplementation improved the FCR significantly (P < 0.05) from 21 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d of age, respectively, compared with the negative control diet. Birds fed the oregano oil diet consumed significantly less feed compared with those fed the negative control diet from 21 to 42 d and from 1 to 42 d of age. No dietary effect was observed on the preslaughter weight, carcass yield, or serum IgG level (P > 0.05) at 42 d. Although not significant, there was a slight increase in the serum IgG levels of broilers fed the oregano oil diet. Although the dietary oregano oil significantly (P < 0.05) lowered the excreta oocyst counts compared with those of birds fed the negative control diet, its anticoccidial effect was significantly less than the effects in birds fed the diet with the anticoccidial. In conclusion, oregano essential oil may provide an alternative to conventional anticoccidial additives in broiler feeds.Öğe The effects of dietary poppy seed oil and sunflower oil on performance, reproduction and egg quality parameters and fatty acid profile of egg yolk in the Japanese quail(Medwell Online, 2009) Midilli, Mustafa; Bayram, İsmail; Erol, Handan; Çetingül, İbrahim Sadi; Çakır, SerkanThe present experiment, was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary Popy Seed Oil (PSO) and Sunflower Oil (SFO) alone or in combination in quail diets on the performance, reproduction and egg quality parameters and fatty acid composition of egg yolk. Totally 196 female and 56 male Japanese quails of 7 weeks of age were individually weighed. The initial body weight was comparable. The birds were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 dietary treatments, with each treatment replicated 4 times randomly among the batteries with 7 female and 2 male quails for replicate. Control group was fed a diet unsupplemented PSO and/or SFO. The diets of treatment groups were supplemented PSO and SFO as follows: Group I; 15 g kg(-1) PSO, Group II; 15 g kg(-1) SFO, Group III; 7.5 g kg(-1) PSO + 7.5 g kg(-1) SFO, Group IV; 30 g kg(-1) PSO, Group V; 30 g kg(-1) SFO and Group VI; 15 g kg(-1) PSO + 15 g kg(-1) SFO, respectively. The birds received water and feed ad libutum during the study. The addition of PSO and SFO alone or in combination did not significantly affect performance, hatchability and fertility, egg quality traits (egg shell thickness, egg albumen index, egg yolk index and egg haugh unit). However, dietary PSO, SFO and PSO + SFO supplementation significantly (p<0.05) caused to decrease on saturated fatty acid levels in egg yolk. On the other hand PSO, SFO and PSO + SFO supplementation to the experimental diets resulted in increase (p<0.001) on unsaturated fatty acid in egg yolk. The results of this study, demonstrated that PSO, SFO and PSO + SFO supplementations into quail diets caused significant positive effects due to decreasing of saturated fatty acids and increasing of unsaturated fatty acids in egg yolk without adverse effects on laying performance, hatchability, fertility and egg quality traits of laying quails.Öğe Effects of dietary probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on growth performance and serum IgG concentration of broilers(South African Journal Of Animal Sciences, 2008) Midilli, Mustafa; Alp, M.; Kocabağlı, Neşe; Muğlalı, Ö. H.; Turan, Nuri; Yılmaz, Hüseyin; Çakır, SerkanThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotic and/or prebiotic supplementation on growth performance and serum IgG concentrations in broilers. One thousand two hundred one-day old Ross-308 broiler chicks of mixed sex were randomly divided into four treatment groups of 300 birds each. The treatments were: Starter diets: 1) Unsupplemented control diet; 2) Probiotic (Bio-Plus 2B((R)) 0.05%); 3) Prebiotic (Bio-Mos((R)) 0.2%); 4) Probiotic and Prebiotic mixture (Bio-Plus 2B((R)) 0.05% and Bio-Mos((R)) 0.2%). The grower diets were: 1) Control with no supplements; 2) Probiotic (Bio-Plus 2130 0.05%); 3) Prebiotic (Bio-Mos((R)) 0.1%); 4) Probiotic and Prebiotic mixture (Bio-Plus 2B((R)) 0.05% and Bio-Mos((R)) 0.1%). Each treatment group was further sub-divided into five replicates of 60 birds per replicate. The chicks were fed the broiler starter diet for the first 21 d and the broiler grower diet between days 22 and 42. Dietary probiotic and/or prebiotic supplementation did not significantly affect body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, carcass weight, carcass yield or concentration of immunoglobulin (IgG) in the serum. However, feed conversion ratio was improved significantly in the supplemented treatments compared to the unsupplemented control. Probiotic and/or prebiotic supplementation did not significantly affect any of the examined parameters except for an improved feed conversion ratio.Öğe The effects of dietary stabilized rumen extract (SRE) and virginiamycine on performance and carcass yield of broilers(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2002) Küçükersan, Kemal; Tuncer, S. D.; Şanlı, Y.; Midilli, Mustafa; Göncüoğlu, E.; Küçükersan, Seher; Tan, H.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of stabilized rumen extract (SRE) and virginiamycine added to the diets on body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and carcass characteristics of broilers. A total of 2400 daily old broilers Arbor Acres chicks were used in the experiment. There were five experimental groups each having 480 chicks. The experiment lasted six weeks. While control group was fed unsupplemented diets, the SRE was added to the diets of groups 1, 2 and 3 at the level of 0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25%, respectively. Virginiamycine was added to the diet of experimental group 4, at the level of 20 ppm. At the end of the experiment, the body weights of the control and experimental groups (1, 2, 3 and 4) were measured as 2013.86, 2065.51, 2169.67, 2110.47 and 2102.14 g respectively. The body weight and body weight gain values were highest for the second experimental group which was fed SRE at the level of 0.20% (P < 0.001). The fourth experiment group given virginiamycine tended to have the lowest feed consumption (3,592 kg) compared with the other groups and to consume less feed (1.75 kg) for 1 kg body weight gain than those of the other groups. It was concluded that. the addition of SRE at 0.20 % level increased the body weight and tended to improved the feed conversion of broilers.Öğe The effects of different zinc sources and microbial phytase supplementation on the tibial bone properties, strength and Zn mineralization broilers fed with diet low phosphorus(Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2015) Midilli, Mustafa; Salman, Mustafa; Muğlalı, Ömer Hakan; Çenesiz, Sena; Ormancı, Neslihan; Pakdil, MuratThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different Zn sources and microbial phytase supplemented to low available P (aP) corn-soy diets on morphometric indices of tibiotarsi, bone strength and Zn accumulation. The experimental period lasted 42 days. A total of 875 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups (positive, negative and five experimental), each with five identical subgroups of 25 birds. The positive control (PC) group was fed a diet containing adequate concentration (0.45%) of available phosphorus (aP) due to mineral premix (except zinc) and feeds; the negative control (NC) group was fed a basal diet including low concentration (0.30%) of available phosphorus (aP) due to mineral premix (except zinc) and feeds; 0.30% aP and 500 FTU phytase kg-1; 0.30% aP and 75 mg Zn-proteinate kg-1; 0.30% aP and 75 mg ZnSO4 kg-1; 75 mg Zn-proteinate and 500 FTU phytase kg-1; 75 mg ZnSO4 and 500 FTU phytase kg-1 were added to the experimental groups of phytase (PH), organic zinc (OZ), inorganic zinc (IZ), organic zinc + phytase (OZ+PH) and inorganic zinc + phytase (IZ+PH) respectively. There were no significant differences among the groups in mean tibiotarsal diaphysis diameter, thickness of the medial wall, tibiotarsal index, medullary canal diameter, modulus of elasticity or breaking stress. However, diet with OZ + PH and IZ + PH supplementation had a greater influence on tibiotarsal weight and tibiotarsal weight/length index when compared to those measurements in broilers in both control groups (P<0.001). In addition, feed additives were seen to have a significant effect on tibiotarsal length (P<0.01), robusticity index (P<0.001), thickness of the lateral wall (P<0.05) and Zn content (P<0.05). In conclusion, the study indicated that the use of organic and inorganic Zn alone or in combination with microbial phytase improved tibial bone traits and Zn content.Öğe The Effects of Different Zinc Sources and Microbial Phytase Supplementation on the Tibial Bone Properties, Strength and Zn Mineralization Broilers Fed with Diet Low Phosphorus [1](2015) Midilli, Mustafa; Salman, Mustafa; Muğlali, Ömer Hakan; Çenesiz, Sena; Ormanci, Neslihan; Pakdil, Murat; Gürcan, I. SafaBu araştırma, düşük yararlanılabilir fosfor (Py) içeren mısır-soya temeline dayanan diyetlere farklı çinko kaynakları ile mikrobiyal fitaz ilavesinin broylerlerde tibia morfometrik indeksler, kemik direnci ve çinko birikimi üzerine etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma kırk iki gün sürmüştür. Toplam 875 adet günlük Ross 308 civciv, yedi farklı deneme grupları ve her grup 25 adet erkek hayvan içeren beş alt gruptan oluşturulmuştur. Pozitif kontrol grubu, çinko içermeyen mineral ön karması ve yeterli miktarda yararlanılabilir fosfor (%0.45) içeren rasyonla beslenmiştir. Negatif kontrol grubu ise, çinko içermeyen mineral ön karması ve düşük fosfor (%0.30) içeren temel bir rasyonla beslenmiştir. Deneme grupları; Fitaz, organik çinko, inorganik çinko, organik çinko + fitaz ve inorganik çinko + fitaz rasyonlarına sırasıyla %0.30 Py ve 500 FTU fitaz/kg; %0.30 Py ve 75 mg/kg Zn-proteinat; %0.30 aP ve 75 mg/kg ZnSO4; 75 mg/kg Zn-proteinat ve 500 FTU fitaz/kg; 75 mg/kg ZnSO4 ve 500 FTU fitaz/kg katılmıştır. Tibiotarsal diafiz çapı, medial duvar kalınlığı, tibiotarsal indeksi, medullar kanal çapı, esnekliği ve kırılma direnci bakımından gruplar arasında bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Bununla beraber, OZ + PH and IZ + PH rasyon grubuna ait tibiotarsal ağırlık, tibiotarsal ağırlık/uzunluk indeksi değerleri her iki kontrol grubundan önemli düzeyde farklılık (P<0.001) bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, yem ilavelerinin tibiatarsi uzunluğu (P<0.01), sağlamlık indeksi (P<0.001), lateral duvar kalınlığı (P<0.05) ve çinko içeriği (P<0.05) üzerine önemli etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, organik ve inorganik çinkonun tek başına ya da mikrobiyal fitaz ile kombinasyon halinde kullanılması, tibia kemik özellikleri ve çinko içeriğini geliştirmede etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.Öğe The effects of organic or inorganic zinc and microbial phytase, alone or in combination, on the performance, biochemical parameters and nutrient utilization of broilers fed a diet low in available phosphorus(2014) Midilli, Mustafa; Salman, Mustafa; Mu?lali, Ömer Hakan; Ö?retmen, Tülay; Çenesiz, Sena; Ormanci, NeslihanThis study examined the effects of zinc (Zn) from different sources and microbial phytase on the broiler performance, biochemical parameters and digestibility of nutrients when they were added to broiler diets containing low available phosphorus. A total of 875, 1-day-old male broilers of the Ross 308 strain were randomly separated into two control groups (positive and negative) and five treatment groups each containing 125 birds; each group was divided into 5 replicates of 25 birds. The positive control (PC) group was fed a diet containing adequate concentration (0.45 %) of available phosphorus due to mineral premix (except zinc) and feeds. The negative control (NC) group was fed a basal diet including low concentration (0.30%) of available phosphorus due to mineral premix (except zinc) and feeds. The basal diet was supplemented with 0.30% phosphorus and 500 FTU phytase (PH); 0.30% phosphorus and organic zinc (OZ; 75 mg/kg of Zn from Zn-proteinate); 0.30% phosphorus and inorganic zinc (IZ; 75 mg/kg of Zn from ZnSO4); 0.30% phosphorus, organic zinc and 500 FTU phytase (OZ + PH); and 0.30% phosphorus, inorganic zinc and 500 FTU phytase (IZ + PH) in the treatment groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. The lowest value for mean body weight was in the negative control group on a diet containing low available phosphorus. The use of supplementation with organic and inorganic zinc alone or in combination with microbial phytase significantly (P<0.05) increased the digestibility of Zn in the male broilers. Supplementation of those diets with OZ + PH or IZ + PH was very effective for increasing the body weight, body weight gain and the feed conversion ratio. In conclusion, the effects on broilers of diets with low phosphorus levels may be overcome by the addition of inorganic or organic zinc compounds in combination with microbial phytase.Öğe The effects of organic or ınorganic zinc and microbial phytase, alone or in combination, on the performance, biochemical parameters and nutrient utilization of broilers fed a diet low in available phosphorus(2014) Midilli, Mustafa; Salman, Mustafa; Muğlalı, Ömer Hakan; Öğretmen, Tülay; Çenesiz, SenaBu araştırma, düşük fosforlu diyetlere organik ve inorganik çinko ile mikrobiyal fitaz ilavesinin broilerlerde performans, biyokimyasal parametreler ve besin madde kullanımı üzerine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada hayvan materyali olarak toplam 875 adet günlük civciv denemeye alınmıştır. Her grupta 125 adet hayvan olacak şekilde, iki kontrol (pozitif ve negatif ) ve beş deneme grubu oluşturulmuştur. Her grup 5 alt gruptan, her alt grupta ise 25 civcivden oluşturulmuştur. Pozitif kotrol grubu, çinko içermeyen mineral ön karması ve yeterli miktarda yararlanılabilir fosfor (%0.45) içeren rasyonla beslenmiştir. Negatif kontrol grubu ise, çinko içermeyen mineral ön karması ve düşük fosfor (%0.30) içeren temel bir rasyonla beslenmiştir. Temel rasyona %0.30 fosfor ve 500 FTU fitaz ilave edilmiştir (PH). Deneme grupları 1, 2, 3, 4 ve 5 ise sırasıyla %0.30 fosfor ve organik çinko (OZ; 75 mg/kg Zn-proteinat); 0.30% fosfor ve inorganik çinko (IZ; 75 mg/ kg ZnSO4); 0.30% fosfor, organik çinko ve 500 FTU fitaz (OZ + PH); ve 0.30% fosfor, inorganik çinko ve 500 FTU fitaz (IZ + PH) oluşturmuştur. Düşük fosfor içeren negatif kontrol grubunda en düşük canlı ağırlık belirlenmiştir. Organik çinko ve inoganik çinko ile mikrobiyal fitaz kombinasyonunda çinkonun sindirilebilirliği artmıştır. Rasyonlarına OZ + PH ve IZ + PH ilave edilen gruplarda canlı ağırlık ve canlı ağırlık artışı artarken, yemden yararlanma oranı olumlu yönde etkilenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, düşük fosforlu diyetlerle beslenen broylerlerde organik ve inorganik çinkonun mikrobiyal fitaz ile kombinasyonlarının yeterli olacağı kanısına varılmıştır.Öğe The effects of supplementation of enzyme and probiotic to the rations on some blood parameters of broilers(Indian Veterinary Journal, 2004) Midilli, Mustafa; Tuncer, Şakir Doğan; Bayram, İsmail; Kılınç, C.This investigation was conducted to determine the effects of wheat-barely based diets supplemented with enzyme, probiotic and enzyme + probiotic on some blood parameters. In this study, 600 day-old Hubbard chicks were used. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for total protein, urea, uric acid, total cholesterol, trigylceride, creatine, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, aspartate aminotranferase (AST), alanine a minotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in serum. Blood total protein, uric acid glucose, cholesterol, copper, zinc, AST LDH and CK values were not affected in the treatment groups of broilers. However urea (P<0.05), creatine (P<0.001), calcium (P<0.001), phosphorus (P<0.001), magnesium (P<0.01) and iron (P<0.05) values were increased, while ALT values were lowest in supplemental groups.Öğe Effects of The Use of Dried Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) in Japanese Quail Rations on Growth Performance and Some Carcass Parameters(2024) Özcan, Mehmet Akif; Gülüm, Levent; Midilli, Mustafa; Gören, Muhammet; Içoğlu, Yusuf TalhaThis study was carried out to determine the effects of dried purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) added to quail rations in different proportions on growth performance, some blood and carcass parameters and some meat quality characteristics. In the study, a total of 256 one-day-old quails were used, distributed to four treatment groups in four replications. The treatment groups consisted of: (1) Control (C, no purslane), (2) 2% dried purslane added to control feed, (3) 4% dried purslane added to control feed, and (4) 6% dried purslane added to control feed. It was determined that none of the concentrations of purslane used in the study had a significant effect on growth performance, meat quality parameters or slaughter parameters except for small intestine weight and warm carcass yield. The addition of 4 and 6% dried purslane to the ration significantly improved the warm carcass yield compared to the control group. However, it was observed that the addition of dried purslane caused lower proportional small intestine weight compared to the control. In conclusion, it was seen that up to 6% dried purslane can be used as an alternative feed ingredient in quail rationsÖğe Etlik piliçlerin beslenmesinde antimikrobiyal peptidlerin kullanımı(2019) Özcan, Mehmet; Gülüm, Levent; Midilli, Mustafa; Gören, MuhammetKanatlı hayvanların beslenmesinde yemlere büyütme faktörü olarak katılan antibiyotiklerin yasaklanması ile antibiyotiklere alternatif olabilecek yem katkıları araştırılmıştır. Probiyotikler, Prebiyotikler, Organik asitler ve bitkisel ekstraktların yanı sıra antimikrobiyal peptidlerin de antibiyotiklere alternatif olabileceği üzerinde durulmaya başlanmıştır. Antimikrobiyal peptidler; bakteriler, böcekler, amfibiler ve memelilerce sentezlenebilmekle birlikte kimyasal sentez yoluyla da üretilebilmektedir. Özellikle doğal antimikrobiyal özellikleri ve mikroorganizmalara direnç oluşturma eğilimlerinin düşük olması antibiyotiklere iyi bir alternatif olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Sadece bakterilere karşı değil, mantarlara ve virüslere karşı da etkili olduğu bildirilmektedir. Domuz ve etlik civcivlerle yapılan çalışmalarda büyüme performansı, besin maddesi sindirilebilirliği, immun sistem, bağırsak morfolojisi ve bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerine yararlı etkileri saptanmıştır. Antimikrobiyal peptidler 12-60 aminoasitten oluşan küçük biyolojik moleküllerdir (<10kDa). Antimikrobiyal peptidlerin özellikle birçok antibiyotiğe direnç gösteren bakterileri öldürdüğü bildirilmiştir. Antimikrobiyal peptidler zararlı bakterilerin gelişimin engellerken yararlı bakteri gelişimini teşvik etmektedirler. Örneğin sublancin’in Lactobacilli sayısını artırırken, Clostridium perfringens sayısını azalttığı bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca Staphylococcus aureus ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa’ya karşı güçlü etkileri olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Antimikrobiyal peptid ilavesi etlik piliçlerde bağırsak ve dışkıda koliform sayısını azalttığı bildirilmiştir. Etlik piliçlerin beslenmesinde kullanılan antimikrobiyal petidlerin bazıları; sublancin, secropin, magainin, nisin ve defensindir. Bu peptidler yeme veya içme suyuna katılarak kullanılabilmektedir. Bu derlemede etlik piliçlerin rasyonlarına antibiyotiklere alternatif olarak katılan antimikrobiyal peptidlerin etkileri üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir.Öğe Kurutulmuş damıtma çözünürlü tanelerinin kanatlı beslenmesinde kullanımı(2009) Midilli, MustafaKurutulmuş damıtma çözünürlü taneleri (KDÇT) etanol üretiminde mısır ve çeşitli farklı tahılların fermantasyonu sonucu yan ürün olarak elde edilen bir yem maddesidir. Fermantasyon sırasında birbirine yakın düzeylerde etanol, karbondioksit ve KDÇT elde edilmektedir. Etanol üretiminin gün geçtikçe artması, yaygınlaşması ve bu alanda yeni etanol bitkilerin kullanılması üretilen KDÇT'lerin miktar ve kalitesinin artmasını kaçınılmaz hale getirmiştir. KDÇT'ler diğer hayvanların rasyonlarmda değerlendirilebildiği gibi kanatlı hayvanların rasyonlarmda da alternatif bir yem hammaddesi olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Kanatlı rasyonlarında KDÇT kullanılırken, bu ürünlerin kalitesinin, besin maddesi kompozisyonunun ve sindirilebilirliğinin göz önünde bulundurulması gerekmektedir. KDÇT'nin kanatlılarda kullanımı üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda rasyonlara katılma oranlarının sınırlı düzeyde olduğu görülmektedir. Yayınlanan son makaleler göz önünde bulundurularak hazırlanan bu derlemenin amacı, kanatlı ve yem sektörü ilgililerine KDÇT'lerin üretimi, yem değeri, yem değerini etkileyen faktörler ve kanatlı beslemede kullanımı konularında bilgi vermektir.Öğe SEBEN’DE TAVUKÇULUĞUN DURUMU, SORUNLAR VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ(2020) Midilli, Mustafa; Özcan, MehmetBu çalışmada, Bolu ilinin Seben ilçesinde tavukçuluğun şu anki mevcut durumunun araştırılması ve bu sektörün içinde bulunduğu sorunlar ve çözüm önerilerinin sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Seben ilçesinde etçi ve yumurta tavuk yetiştiriciliği yapılmakta ancak damızlık tavuk yetiştiriciliği yapılmamaktadır. Seben ilçesinde etlik piliç üretiminden ziyade yumurta üretiminin yeterli seviyede olmadığı görülmektedir. İlçenin coğrafi konumu göz önüne alındığında organik yumurta tavuk, serbest yumurta tavuk yetiştiriciliği ve organik etlik piliç yetiştiriciliği için gelecek vaat eden potansiyele sahip olduğu görülmektedir.
