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Öğe Abundance of Apodemus spp. varies by stand age in coppice-originated oak forest, Thrace, Turkey(Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias Forestales, 2016) Keten, Akif; Beşkardeş, Vedat; Makineci, Ender; Kumbaşlı, Meriç; Anderson, James T.Recently, oak (Quercus spp.) management strategies in Turkey have transitioned from predominantly coppice-regeneration to seed regeneration. However, impacts of this change on the small mammal community is unknown. To address this issue we evaluated abundance of Apodemus spp. (Rodentia, Muridae) in relation to stand age and forest characteristics in the northern Thrace, Turkey. We sampled 43 plots using box-style live traps. A total of 75 individuals (0.125 +/- 0.013 mice/trap nights) was captured. Apodemus flavicollis (n = 69) was the most abundant, although A. agrarius (1) and A. sylvaticus (4) also occurred. Apodemus spp. abundance was superior in older than in younger stands (P = 0.038). The number of specimens was positively related to diameter at breast height (DBH) (y = 0.18 + 0.015x, R-2 = 0.21) and forest floor mass (y = 0.005 + 0.00005x, R-2 = 0.22). Increasing the amount of forest floor mass and mast production will benefit the population of Apodemus spp. Abandonment of the coppice management on oak forests in Thrace may positively affect the local abundance of Apodemus spp., particularly A. flavicollis.Öğe Biomass estimation of individual trees for coppice-originated oak forests(Springer, 2019) Özdemir, Emrah; Makineci, Ender; Yılmaz, Ersel; Kumbaşlı, Meriç; Calışkan, Servet; Beşkardeş, Vedat; Keten, AkifIn this study, individual tree-biomass equations are developed for the different biomass components (foliage, branch, bark, stem, and total aboveground biomass) of Quercus frainetto Ten., Quercus cerris L., and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. species, which are the main oak species in coppice-originated oak forests. This research was conducted in northern Turkish Thrace, an important coppice-oak area. A total of 474 oak trees at different development stages over different sites were destructively sampled to obtain biomass models of the major oak species in the region. Two main biomass models are established to estimate the biomass components: according to the diameter at breast height (DBH) alone and according to the d(2)h variable, which is the combined DBH and tree height. The goodness-of-fit statistics of the models are calculated to compare these models. The models that use the DBH alone as an independent variable explain 68-95% of the variation in the biomass of the tree components. After adding the tree height to the model, the accuracy for the bark-, stem-, and total aboveground-biomass estimates increased, while the accuracy of the foliage- and branch-biomass estimates decreased. Different oak species have different biomass components depending on their development stages. The amount of biomass components in the total aboveground biomass and foliage decreased from 20% (SDF) to 4% (LDF), the amount of bark decreased from 17% (SDF) to 12% (LDF), and the amount of stems increased from 42% (SDF) to 66% (LDF) when increasing the mean DBH of the sample plots.Öğe Bird composition and diversity in oak stands under variable coppice management in northwestern Turkey(Sisef-Soc Italiana Selvicoltura Ecol Forestale, 2018) Beşkardeş, Vedat; Keten, Akif; Kumbaşlı, Meriç; Pekin, Burak; Yılmaz, Ersel; Makineci, Ender; Ozdemir, EmrahCoppice management results in profound differences in forest structure and composition, which in turn can modify habitat value for bird species. We measured bird species richness and composition at 50 sample plots in pure oak forest stands in northwestern Turkey, which differed in age, cover and height in association with coppice management. We recorded a total of 38 bird species and 699 individuals across all stands. Regression-based multimodel inference showed that structural features of forest stands strongly affect bird diversity and abundance. While canopy cover and tree height affect bird diversity positively, elevation of sampling plots, tree density and tree diameter at breast height (DBH) had a negative effect. In addition, constrained ordination analyses revealed that canopy cover was the most important factor influencing bird species composition. Forest stands that have 42-85% canopy cover, i.e., a few (2009-2580 oak trees) large tall (13.36-15.78 m) trees, were the most preferred habitat by bird species. However, we also found that different bird species favor different stand structural features. Thus, variation in stand structure from maintaining some coppice management across the landscape may be beneficial for rare or endangered species and result in greater landscape level biodiversity.Öğe Effects of parent material, stand type and oak species on defoliation of coppice-originated oak (Quercus spp.) forests in Northern Turkish Thrace(Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias Forestales, 2017) Kumbaşlı, Meriç; Makineci, Ender; Keten, Akif; Beşkardeş, Vedat; Özdemir, EmrahCases of significant defoliation in oak (Quercus spp.) forests have been reported in Turkey and throughout the world. Oak trees are important in Turkish forests and forestry and cover vast pieces of land in Thrace. In this study, in a quest to determine the general health condition of pure oak forests in Northern Turkish Thrace, the defoliation rate of tree crowns was evaluated for 8,769 trees in 336 sample plots corresponding to different geological parent materials, regions, oak species and stand types. The defoliation rates were designated and assessed based on the criteria of the European Union Forest Health Monitoring Program (UNECE-ICP Forests). The defoliation rate was, to a significant extent, affected by stand type, the geological parent material, and oak species. In general, 47 % of trees exhibited defoliation. The highest ratio of defoliation was found in Kirklareli Region, where water deficit was the highest, and the parent material was schist-calcschist. Medium diameter forests (MDF, mean dbh: 8-20 cm, ratio of defoliated trees = 65 %) among stand types, and sessile oaks (ratio of defoliated trees = 53 %) among oak species, had the highest defoliation rates. Achieved results demonstrated that the defoliation classes in observed oak stands have a significant relation with variables concerning stand types, oak species and geological parent materials.
