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    Comparative thermogravimetric analyses of co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge and sugarcane bagasse in carbon dioxide/oxygen and nitrogen/oxygen atmospheres: Thermal conversion characteristics, kinetics, and thermodynamics
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Xie, Wenhao; Wen, Shaoting; Liu, Jingyong; Xie, Wuming; Kuo, Jiahong; Lu, Xingwen; Sun, Shuiyu; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih
    Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) were studied using thermogravimetric analysis in CO2/O-2 and N-2/O-2 atmospheres. Our results showed that the comprehensive combustion characteristic index (CCI) of the blends was improved by 1.71-4.32 times. With the increased O-2 concentration, co-combustion peak temperature decreased from 329.7 to 318.2 degrees C, with an increase in its maximum weight loss rate from 10.04 to 14.99%/min and its CCI by 1.31 times (beta = 20 degrees C.min(-1)). To evaluate the co-combustion characteristics, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters (entropy, Gibbs free energy and enthalpy changes, and apparent activation energy) were obtained in the five atmospheres. The lowest apparent activation energy of the TB64 blend was obtained in oxy-fuel atmosphere (CO2/O-2 = 7/3).
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    Interaction effects of chlorine and phosphorus on thermochemical behaviors of heavy metals during incineration of sulfur-rich textile dyeing sludge
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2018) Liu, Jingyong; Zhuo, Zhongxu; Xie, Wuming; Kuo, Jiahong; Lu, Xingwen; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih
    Sulfur (S)-rich textile dyeing sludge (TDSS) with different chlorine (Cl) and phosphorus (P) contents was incinerated at 900 degrees C to determine interaction effects of Cl and P on the distributions and transformations of the seven heavy metals (Ni, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Cd). The volatilizations of the heavy metals were adversely affected by the P addition. The Cl addition in low concentrations offset the negative effects of P on the Ni, Cr and Mn volatilizations. An interaction effect between Cl and P was found on the Pb and Cd volatilizations. Up to certain Cl and P concentrations, their synergistic effect restrained the Ni, Cu, Mn and Cr volatilizations but promoted the Zn volatilization. The addition of Cl/P in different ratios changed the distributions of Cu, Mn, Pb, and Cd. The addition of over 1% NH4Cl and NH4H2PO4 together decreased the residual fractions mainly transformed into oxidizable forms (6.5-19.7%) which in turn raised their potential toxicity and bioavailability. With the decreased Cl and S contents of the bottom ash, the volatilization rate of Cl was higher than that of S. The NH4H2PO4 addition increased the Ca content on the surface but decreased the Cl and S contents. S emissions were mainly in the forms of SO2, SO3, COS, CS2, and H2SO4, with Cl emission in the form of HCl. The increased P content was correlated with the Cl volatilization positively and the S volatilization negatively. The increased P content decreased the S volatilization by 11.2-17.0% with the addition of up to 1% Cl.
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    Quantifying thermal decomposition regimes of textile dyeing sludge, pomelo peel, and their blends
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Xie, Candie; Liu, Jingyong; Xie, Wuming; Kuo, Jiahong; Lu, Xingwen; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih
    Thermal decomposition behaviors of textile dyeing sludge (TDS), pomelo peel (PP), and their blends (TP) were detected using TG-FTIR. The blend ratios of TDS to PP ranged from 10 to 40 wt% and were subjected to heat above room temperature up to 1000 degrees C under four heating rates. Our results pointed to four stages for TDS combustion and three stages for PP combustion. The interactions between TDS and PP exerted inhibitive effects during the co-combustion process. Releases of CO2 and light organics occurred less with a TP ratio of 70%-30% (TP73) than with the individual fuels. Apparent activation energy (E-a) was obtained using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods. The FWO-based Ea estimates were in the range of 59.7-122.2 kJ-mol(-1) for TDS, 84.4-243.5 kJ-mol(-1) for PP, and 94.3-142.1 kJ-mol(-1) for TP73. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Thermogravimetric and mass-spectrometric analyses of combustion of spent potlining under N-2/O-2 and CO2/O-2 atmospheres
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Sun, Guang; Zhang, Gang; Liu, Jingyong; Xie, Wuming; Kuo, Jiahong; Lu, Xingwen; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih
    Thermal decomposition and gaseous evolution of the spent potlining (SPL) combustion were quantified using thermogravimetric and mass-spectrometric analyses in CO2/O-2 and N-2/O-2 atmospheres using three heating rates (15, 20 and 25 degrees C/min). The thermal decomposition of SPL occurred mainly between 450 and 800 degrees C. Based on the four kinetic methods of Friedman, Starink, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa under the various conversion degrees (alpha) from 0.1 to 0.7, the lowest apparent activation energy was estimated at 149.81 kJ/mol in the 70% CO2 /30% O-2 atmosphere. The pre-exponential factor, and changes in entropy, enthalpy and free Gibbs energy were also estimated. The reaction model did not suggest a single reaction of the SPL combustion. With the alpha value of 0.25-0.7, the following function best described the reaction based on the Malek method: f(alpha) = 1/2 alpha and G(alpha) = ln alpha(2). The gases released during the combustion process included CO2, CO, NOx, HCN, and HF. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.