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Öğe Arsenic partitioning behavior during sludge co-combustion: Thermodynamic equilibrium simulation(Springer, 2019) Liu, Jingyong; Xie, Candie; Xie, Wuming; Zhang, Xiaochun; Chang, KenLin; Büyükada, Musa; Kuo, Jiahong; Evrendilek, FatihUsing the computation method of thermodynamic equilibrium, effects of sewage sludge (SS) co-combustion conditions and interactions with Fe2O3, SiO2, CaO and Al2O3 on migration and transformation of arsenic (As) were simulated in oxy-fuel (CO2/O-2) and air (N-2/O-2) atmospheres. Arsenic mainly existed as As(s), As-4(g), As2O5(s), As4O6(g) and AsO(g) and volatilized more easily in reducing than oxidizing atmosphere. Increased O-2 concentration slowed down the formation rate of AsO(g), thus reducing the volatilization rate of As. With the increased pressure, the conversion rate of As2O5(s) into As4O6(g) accelerated. In the multi-chemical system of SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO, As reacted with CaO and Al2O3 to form AlAsO4(s) and Ca-3(AsO4)(2)(s) which inhibited As volatilization. SiO2 prevented As from reacting with CaO to generate Ca-3(AsO4)(2)(s). Fe2O3 affected reactions between Al2O3(CaO) and As which inhibited As volatilization. In the whole SS co-combustion system, As reacted with O-2 but had a weak affinity with Cl and with no arsenic chlorides observed.Öğe Ash-to-emission pollution controls on co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge and waste tea(Elseiver, 2021) Cai, Haiming; Liu, Jingyong; Kuo, Jiahong; Xie, Wuming; Evrendilek, Fatih; Zhang, GangGiven the globally increased waste stream of textile dyeing sludge (TDS), its co-combustion with agricultural residues appears as an environmentally and economically viable solution in a circular economy. This study aimed to quantify the migrations and chemical speciations of heavy metals in the bottom ashes and gas emissions of the co-combustion of TDS and waste tea (WT). The addition of WT increased the fixation rate of As from 66.70 to 83.33% and promoted the chemical speciation of As and Cd from the acid extractable state to the residue one. With the temperature rise to 1000 degrees C, the fixation rates of As, Cd, and Pb in the bottom ashes fell to 27.73, 8.38, and 15.40%, respectively. The chemical speciation perniciousness of Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb declined with the increased temperature. The ash composition changed with the new appearances of NaAlSi3O8, CaFe2O4, NaFe(SO4)(2), and MgCrO4 at 1000 degrees C. The addition of WT increased CO2 and NOx but decreased SO2 emissions in the range of 680-1000 degrees C. ANN-based joint optimization indicated that the co-combustion emitted SO2 slightly less than did the TDS combustion. These results contribute to a better understanding of ash-to-emission pollution control for the co-combustion of TDS and WT. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Assessing thermal behaviors and kinetics of (co-)combustion of textile dyeing sludge and sugarcane bagasse(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Xie, Wenhao; Huang, Jianli; Liu, Jingyong; Zhao, Yongjiu; Chang, Kenlin; Kuo, Jiahong; He, Yao; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, FatihThermogravimetric and mass spectrometric (TG-MS) experiments were carried out using textile dyeing sludge (TDS), sugarcane bagasse (SB) and their blends with different ratios. (Co-)combustion kinetic parameters of each sample were calculate by using TG-derivative curves. CO2, NOx, NH3 and SO2 emissions were also quantified. The addition of SB to TDS lowered SO2 but enhanced NOx, NH3 and CO2 emissions. Calculated activation energies (E) of the pure TDS and SB, and their blend (TB64) according to the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method were on average in the range of 185.6-253.9 kJ.mol(-1), 152.9-235.9 kJ.mol(-1) and 111.1-161.8 kJ.mol(-1), respectively. Based on the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method, E estimates of the pure TDS and SB, and the blend ranged from 183.1 to 251.0 kJ.mol(-1), 152.1 to 237.2 kJ.mol(-1) and 108.2 to 160.1 kJ.mol(-1), respectively. Our results indicated that the blend E was affected by the interactions between TDS and SB. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Bioenergy and emission characterizations of catalytic combustion and pyrolysis of litchi peels via TG-FTIR-MS and Py-GC/MS(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Liu, Chao; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Xie, Wuming; Kuo, Jiahong; Büyükada, MusaThis study characterized the catalytic combustions and emissions of litchi peels as a function of five catalysts as well as the effect of the best catalyst on the pyrolysis by-products. Na2CO3 and K2CO3 accelerated the devolatilization but delayed the coke burnout, while Al2O3 enhanced the coke oxidation rate. Both comprehensive combustion index and average activation energy dropped with the added catalysts. CO2, CO, and H2O were the main combustion gases between 300 and 510 degrees C. CO2, C-H, C=O, and C-O were generated from the pyrolysis between 200 and 430 degrees C above which CO2 and CH4 were slightly released. Total H2O, CO2, CO, NOx and SOx emissions declined with the added catalysts among which K2CO3 performed better. The main pyrolytic by-products at 330 degrees C were terpenoids and steroids (71.87%), phenols (15.51%), aliphates (9.95%), and small molecules (2.78%). At 500 degrees C, terpenoids and steroids (78.35%), and small molecules (3.20%) rose, whereas phenols (12.87%), and aliphates (5.83%) fell. Fatty acid, and ester decreased, while terpenoids, and steroids increased with MgCO3 at 330 degrees C. Litchi peels appeared to be a promising biowaste, with MgCO3 as the optimal catalytic option in terms of the bioenergy performance, and emission reduction. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Bottom slag-to-flue gas controls on S and Cl from co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge and waste biochar: Their interactions with temperature, atmosphere, and blend ratio(Elseiver, 2022) Huang, Hongyi; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Zhang, Gang; Sun, Shuiyu; He, YaoS and Cl distribution patterns and their evolution pathways were quantified during the co-combustions of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and waste biochar (BC). S in the flue gas rose from 10.60% at 700 degrees C to 45.09% at 1000 degrees C for the mono-combustion of TDS in the air atmosphere. At 1000 degrees C, S in the bottom slag and flue gas grew by 2.65% and fell by 2.11%, respectively, for the TDS mono-combustion in the 30%O2/70%CO2 atmosphere. The 40% BC addition increased the S retention in the bottom slag by 30.39% and decreased its release to the flue gas by 34.50% by changing the evolution of CaSO4 and enabling more K to fix S as K2SO4. The decomposition of inorganic Cl was the main source of the Cl-containing gases. The 20%O2/80%CO2 atmosphere (36.29%) and 40% BC addition (27.26%) had higher Cl in the bottom slag than did TDS mono-combusted at 1000 degrees C (25.60%) by inhibiting the decomposition of organic Cl. Our study provides insights into the co-combustion of TDS and BC and controls on S and Cl for a cleaner production. Future research remains to conducted to verify scale-up experiments.Öğe Catalytic combustion performances, kinetics, reaction mechanisms and gas emissions of Lentinus edodes(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Zou, Huihuang; Li, Weixin; Liu, Jingyong; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, FatihThis study aimed to quantify the catalytic effects of CaO, Fe2O3, and their blend on the Lentinus edodes stipe (LES) and pileus (LEP) combustion performances, kinetics and emissions in bioenergy generation. Apparent activation energy (E-a) of LES and LEP increased with CaO, decreased with Fe2O3 and differed with their blend. The catalysts mainly affected the maximum intensity of volatiles combustion and partly the fixed carbon combustion. CaO, Fe2O3, and their blend decreased the release intensity of NO(x )from the LES combustion. Fe2O3 increased SO2 emission, while CaO, and the blend narrowed the emission temperature to the range of 200 to 450 degrees C. Kinetic triplets were estimated via the integral master-plots methods, and the best-fit reaction for the three sub-stages were obtained coupled with the model-free models. Our study provides a reference for the catalyzed biomass combustion in terms of pollution control, bioenergy generation, optimal design of incinerator, and industrial-scale application.Öğe Catalytic combustions of two bamboo residues with sludge ash, CaO, and Fe2O3: Bioenergy, emission and ash deposition improvements(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Hu, Jinwen; Yan, Youping; Song, Yueyao; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Büyükada, MusaThe catalytic combustions of bamboo leaves (BL) and branches (BB) with textile dyeing sludge ash (SA), Fe2O3, and CaO were qualitatively analyzed using thermogravimetric and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, and thermodynamic equilibrium simulations. The catalysts (Fe2O3 > SA > CaO) exerted a more pronounced effect in the char combustion (third) stage and enhanced the volatiles and comprehensive combustion indices with 40 degrees C/min. The catalysts (CaO > SA > Fe2O3) reduced C- and N-containing gas emissions in the devolatilization (second) stage. CaO elevated the N-containing gas emission in the third stage, whereas Fe2O3 and SA inhibited the formation of NO precursors. BB presented a higher risk of slagging than did BL, while the improved empirical indices of the ash deposition pointed to CaO as the optimal catalyst. Our simulations showed the final ash components of BL and BB were mainly as SiO2 and K2Si4O9. The addition of CaO alone helped to form a high-melting point Ca-silicate. Although the addition of Fe2O3 had no effect on the ash conversion, SA reduced the formation of K-silicate in the ash. The catalysts (CaO > SA > Fe2O3) reduced the activation energy. Overall, the catalytic combustions improved the bioenergy and the N-containing gas emissions. SA as a Fe and Ca-rich industrial waste enhanced the combustion performance in terms of reductions in waste streams, gas emissions, and ash deposition. Our results supplied new insights into the efficient and clean bioenergy production of bamboo residues, and the waste utilization of SA. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Catalytic effects of CaO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and red mud on Pteris vittata combustion: Emission, kinetic and ash conversion patterns(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Song, Yueyao; Hu, Jinwen; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Büyükada, MusaCatalytic effects of red mud (RM), calcium oxide (CaO), aluminum trioxide (Al2O3), and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) were quantified on the combustion, emission and ash characteristics of aboveground (PA) and belowground (PB) biomass of Pteris vittata using thermogravimetric, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray fluorescence and FactSage analyses. CaO affected the specific formation pathways of tar species and inhibited the CO2, HCN and SO2 emissions. Fe2O3 shortened the initial release time of the emissions. Al2O3 inhibited the final NO emission but did not control the N-containing products. RM catalyzed the combustion by suppressing the emissions. The enthalpy of PA was catalytically enhanced in the following order: CaO > RM > Fe2O3 > Al2O3. Only Fe2O3 increased the enthalpy of PB. The stationary index value of PB declined with the catalysts. The comprehensive combustion index of PA was high at 20 degrees C/min. Al2O3 reduced the risks of slagging, and fouling for PA and PB, while RM exerted a more pronounced effect on PA than PB. The fusion of low-melting point minerals accelerated the mass and heat transfers, and the ash melting. Activation energy was reduced by 275.99% with RM and by 119.82 and 115.81% with Al2O3, and Fe2O3 for PA, respectively. Our results pave the way for cleaner and sustainable production strategies with the catalytic biomass combustion. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Characterizing and optimizing (co-) pyrolysis as a function of different feedstocks, atmospheres, blend ratios, and heating rates(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Liu, Jingyong; Huang, Limao; Xie, Wuming; Kuo, Jiahong; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih(Co-) pyrolysis behaviors were quantified using TG and Py-GC/MS analyses as a function of the two fuels of sewage sludge (SS) and water hyacinth (WH), five atmospheres, six blend ratios, and three heating rates. Copyrolysis performance, gaseous characterizations and optimization analyses were conducted. Relative to N-2 atmosphere, co-pyrolysis was inhibited at low temperatures in CO2 atmosphere, while the CO2 atmosphere at high temperatures promoted the vaporization of coke. The main (co-) pyrolysis products of SS and WH were benzene and its derivatives, as well as alkenes and heterocyclic compounds. Average apparent activation energy decreased gradually with the increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and was highest (377.5 kJ/mol) in N-2 atmosphere and lowest (184.7 kJ/mol) in CO2 atmosphere. Significant interaction effects on the mean responses of mass loss, derivative TG, and differential scanning calorimetry were found for fuel type by heating rate and atmosphere type by heating rate.Öğe (Co-)combustion behaviors and products of spent potlining and textile dyeing sludge(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Sun, Guang; Zhang, Gang; Liu, Jingyong; Xie, Wuming; Evrendilek, Fatih; Büyükada, MusaCo-combustion performances, ashes, gases and thermodynamics were quantified for spent potlining (SPL) and textile dyeing sludge (TDS) (with)out CaO. During the four decomposition stages of the blends according to the (D)TG experiments, the interaction among Na, Ca, F, Al, and S led to CaAl2O4, CaF2, and Na2SO4 which converted inorganic compounds into ash. Increased comprehensive combustion index, and decreased burnout temperature with 50% SPL indicated a better combustion and char burnout, and a shorter combustion process. CaO reduced the F volatilization and increased F- in the residual ash with 10% CaO. NaF was completely converted into CaF2 reducing the toxicity of soluble F- in the residual ash. The predom diagram of Na-Ca-F-S using thermal simulations showed the stable existence regions of CaF2 and Na2SO4. The changed migration mechanisms of F- and S caused ash compositions to consist of Na2SO4 and CaF2 for the co-combustions, and of NaF and CaSO4 for the mono-combustions. 10% CaO promoted CaF2, Na2SO4, CaAl2O4, and to a lesser extent, Fe2O3. The main gases evolved from the co-combustion included HF, SO2, COS, CS2, HCN, NH3, NO, and NO2. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe (Co-)combustion of additives, water hyacinth and sewage sludge: thermogravimetric, kinetic, gas and thermodynamic modeling analyses(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Liu, Jingyong; Huang, Limao; Sun, Guang; Chen, Jiacong; Zhuang, Shengwei; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, FatihAdditives and biomass were co-combusted with sewage sludge (SS) to promote SS incineration treatment and energy generation. (Co-)combustion characteristics of sewage sludge (SS), water hyacinth (WH), and 5% five additives (K2CO3, Na2CO3, Mg2CO3, MgO and Al2O3) were quantified and compared using thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric (TG-MS) and numerical analyses. The combustion performance of SS declined slightly with the additives which was demonstrated by the 0.03-to-0.25-fold decreases in comprehensive combustibility index (CCI). The co-combustion performed well given the 0.31-fold increase in CCI. Kinetic parameters were estimated using the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods. Apparent activation energy estimates by OFW and KAS were consistent. The addition of K2CO3 and MgCO3 decreased the weighted average activation energy of SS. Adding K2CO3 to the blend reduced CO2, NO2, SO2, HCN and NH3 emissions. CO2, NO2 and SO2 emissions were higher from WH than SS. Adding WH or K2CO3 to SS increased CO2, NO2 and SO2 but HCN and NH3 emissions. Based on both catalytic effects and evolved gases, K2CO3 was potentially an optimal option for the catalytic combustion among the tested additives. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe (Co-)pyrolytic performances and by-products of textile dyeing sludge and spent mushroom substrate(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Huang, Jianli; Liu, Jingyong; Chang, Kenlin; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, FatihThe (co-)pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge and spent mushroom substrate was conducted to characterize their thermal behaviors and by-products. The devolatilization of textile dyeing sludge mainly occurred between 150 and 500 degrees C, while the decomposition of inorganic matter as well as the secondary cracking of coke and tar happened between 500 and 1000 degrees C. The addition of spent mushroom substrate increased the release rate at the devolatilization stage of textile dyeing sludge and their blends due to its higher volatiles content. The enhanced co-pyrolysis performance occurred mainly at the high temperature. The melting of inorganic matter was enhanced with the temperature rise but weakened with the addition of spent mushroom substrate. Sulfur mainly existed as sulfate in textile dyeing sludge and as organic sulfur in spent mushroom substrate. With the temperature rise, nitrogen-containing compounds formed more stable compounds. Spent mushroom substrate promoted the formation of nitrogen oxides by converting nitrogen to an inactive form. Sulfates were decomposed at high temperatures partially turning into sulfide. 30% spent mushroom substrate increased the relative sulfate content at 800 degrees C and fixed sulfur into inorganic compounds. The relative contents of aromatics, and nitrogen-containing compounds rose in the bio-oils, whereas alkanes fell with the elevated temperature. Spent mushroom substrate enhanced the formation of aromatics and reduced the yields of nitrogen-containing compounds, and acidic volatiles. The co-pyrolysis appeared to improve the bio-oil quality and the pyrolytic performance of textile dyeing sludge. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Co-circularity of spent coffee grounds and polyethylene via co-pyrolysis: Characteristics, kinetics, and products(Elsevier, 2023) Fu, Jiawei; Wu, Xijian; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Chen, Tao; Xie, Wuming; Xu, Weijie; He, YaoSpent coffee grounds (CG) and polyethylene (PE) are the two typical types of major solid wastes. Their co-pyrolysis may be leveraged to reduce their waste streams and pollution and valorize energy and by-products. In this study, their co-pyrolysis performances, interaction effects, kinetics, and products were characterized in response to the varying temperature and blend ratio. The co-pyrolysis exhibited the two main stages of (1) the degradation of CG (180-380 degrees C) and (2) the depolymerization of PE and the decomposition of lignin (380-550 degrees C). The pyrolysis performance rose from 1.34x10(-4)%(3)center dot min(-2)center dot degrees C-3 with the mono-pyrolysis of CG to 26.32x10(-4)%(3)center dot min(-2)center dot degrees C-3 with the co-pyrolysis of 10 % CG and 90 % PE. The co-pyrolysis of 70 % CG and 30 % PE (CP73) achieved a lower activation energy than did the mono-pyrolysis of the two fuels. The products of the CG pyrolysis included a large number of alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters, and other oxygen-containing compounds, with a proportion as high as 65.01 %. The products of CP73 at 550 degrees C resulted in the yields of hydrocarbons and alcohols up to 93.61 %, beneficial to the further utilization of the co-pyrolytic products. Not only did the co-pyrolysis valorize its products, but also it enhanced their co-circularity. Artificial neural network-based joint optimization showed CP73 in the range of 517-1000 degrees C as the best combination of the conditions. The study provides new insights into the co-pyrolytic disposal of spent coffee grounds and polyethylene so as to improve the waste stream reduction and the valorization of energy and products.Öğe Co-combustion of sewage sludge and coffee grounds under increased O-2/CO2 atmospheres: Thermodynamic characteristics, kinetics and artificial neural network modeling(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Chen, Jiacong; Xie, Candie; Liu, Jingyong; He, Yao; Xie, Wuming; Zhang, Xiaochun; Chang, Kenlin; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih(Co-)combustion characteristics of sewage sludge (SS), coffee grounds (CG) and their blends were quantified under increased O-2/CO2 atmosphere (21, 30, 40 and 60%) using a thermogravimetric analysis. Observed percentages of CG mass loss and its maximum were higher than those of SS. Under the same atmospheric O-2 concentration, both higher ignition and lower burnout temperatures occurred with the increased CG content. Results showed that ignition temperature and comprehensive combustion index for the blend of 60% SS-40% CG increased, whereas burnout temperature and co-combustion time decreased with the increased O-2 concentration. Artificial neural network was applied to predict mass loss percent as a function of gas mixing ratio, heating rate, and temperature, with a good agreement between the experimental and ANN-predicted values. Activation energy in response to the increased O-2 concentration was found to increase from 218.91 to 347.32 kJ.mol(-1) and from 218.34 to 340.08 kJ.mol(-1) according to the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods, respectively.Öğe Co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge with cattle manure: Assessment of thermal behavior, gaseous products, and ash characteristics(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Zhang, Junhui; Sun, Guang; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Büyükada, MusaNot only can the incineration provide an effective waste stream reduction, but also it enhances the energy recovery. However, the combustion performance of textile dyeing sludge is poor due to its low combustible content and low calorific value. This study proposes to compensate for the defects by its co-combustion with cattle manure. The co-combustion exerted an inhibitive effect between 350 and 500 degrees C and a positive effect between 600 and 1100 degrees C on the thermal degradation. The strongest enhancement occurred with the blend ratio of 1:1. The co-combustion reduced the maximum SO2 emission and produced fewer gas species including CO2, CO, H2O, ketones, aldehydes, and low molecular weight chain-alkanes. The experimental and simulation results about mineral transformations showed that the blend ash consisted of SiO2, Fe2O3, CaMgSi2O6, NaAlSiO4, NaAlSi3O8, and Na2SO4. The blend ash had the lowest fusion temperature due to the formation of a low temperature eutectic. The findings provide insights into controls over gas emissions, energy recovery, and ash reutilization, essential to the development of cleaner and sustainable co-combustion systems. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Co-combustion of Zn/Cd-hyperaccumulator and textile dyeing sludge: Heavy metal immobilizations, gas-to-ash behaviors, and their temperature and atmosphere dependencies(Elsevier, 2023) Wu, Xieyuan; Chen, Zhiliang; Liu, Jingyong; Wei, Zebin; Chen, Zihong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Sun, Shuiyu; Chen, ZhibinThis study quantified and revealed the temperature and atmosphere dependencies of the enrichment rates and speciation distributions of Zn and Cd and the behaviors of Cl and S for the co-combustion of a hyperaccumulator (SAH) of Zn and Cd and textile dyeing sludge (TDS) at a blend ratio of 3:1 (ST31). The addition of Al-rich TDS to SAH provided the chemisorption sites for Zn and Cd and generated stable Al/Si structures for their stabilization in the ST31 ash. The rising temperature and the atmosphere change from N-2/O-2 to CO2/O-2 transformed Zn and Cd into their oxidizable and residual fractions. Cl promoted the volatilizations of the heavy metals, with its content in the ST31 ash falling from 86.28% at 650 ? to 17.98% at 950 ?. The S content (31.08-33.86%) of the ST31 ash existed mainly as CaSO4 and was slightly higher in the CO2/O-2 than N-2/O-2 atmosphere (29.45%) since the high CO2 concentration adversely influenced the decomposition of CaCO3, while S indirectly affected the migrations of Zn and Cd. The combined results of the experiments, thermodynamic simulations, and multi-objective optimization pointed to 850 ? in the oxy-fuel atmosphere with 30% O-2 concentration as the optimal settings in order to stabilize Zn and Cd with an acceptable risk. The possible reaction pathways and immobilization mechanisms were also derived considering the interactions among minerals, Zn, Cd, Cl, and S.Öğe Co-combustion of Zn/Cd-hyperaccumulator and textile dyeing sludge: Heavy metal immobilizations, gas-to-ash behaviors, and their temperature and atmosphere dependencies(Elsevier Science Sa, 2023) Wu, Xieyuan; Chen, Zhiliang; Liu, Jingyong; Wei, Zebin; Chen, Zihong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Sun, ShuiyuThis study quantified and revealed the temperature and atmosphere dependencies of the enrichment rates and speciation distributions of Zn and Cd and the behaviors of Cl and S for the co-combustion of a hyperaccumulator (SAH) of Zn and Cd and textile dyeing sludge (TDS) at a blend ratio of 3:1 (ST31). The addition of Al-rich TDS to SAH provided the chemisorption sites for Zn and Cd and generated stable Al/Si structures for their stabilization in the ST31 ash. The rising temperature and the atmosphere change from N-2/O-2 to CO2/O-2 transformed Zn and Cd into their oxidizable and residual fractions. Cl promoted the volatilizations of the heavy metals, with its content in the ST31 ash falling from 86.28% at 650 ? to 17.98% at 950 ?. The S content (31.08-33.86%) of the ST31 ash existed mainly as CaSO4 and was slightly higher in the CO2/O-2 than N-2/O-2 atmosphere (29.45%) since the high CO2 concentration adversely influenced the decomposition of CaCO3, while S indirectly affected the migrations of Zn and Cd. The combined results of the experiments, thermodynamic simulations, and multi-objective optimization pointed to 850 ? in the oxy-fuel atmosphere with 30% O-2 concentration as the optimal settings in order to stabilize Zn and Cd with an acceptable risk. The possible reaction pathways and immobilization mechanisms were also derived considering the interactions among minerals, Zn, Cd, Cl, and S.Öğe Co-combustion thermal conversion characteristics of textile dyeing sludge and pomelo peel using TGA and artificial neural networks(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Xie, Candie; Liu, Jingyong; Zhang, Xiaochun; Xie, Wuming; Sun, Jian; Chang, Kenlin; Kuo, Jiahong; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, FatihCo-combustion characteristics of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and pomelo peel (PP) under O-2/N-2 and O-2/CO2 atmospheres were investigated using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and artificial neural networks. 30% O-2/70% CO2 and air atmospheres led to a similar co-combustion performance. Increases in O-2 concentration and PP significantly improved the oxy-fuel co-combustion performance of TDS. Principal component analysis was applied to reduce the dimensionality of differential TGA curves and to identify the principal reactions. The interaction between TDS and PP occurred mainly at 490-600 degrees C, thus improving the process of residue co combustion. Radial basis function was found to have more reliable and robust predictions of TGA under different O-2/CO2 atmospheres than did Bayesian regularized network. Regardless of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods used, the lowest mean value of apparent activation energy (155.4 kJ.mol(-1) by FWO and 153.2 kJ.mol(-1) by KAS) was obtained under the 30% O-2/70% CO2 atmosphere.Öğe Co-combustion, life-cycle circularity, and artificial intelligence-based multi-objective optimization of two plastics and textile dyeing sludge(ELSEVIER, 2022) Ding, Ziyi; Chen, Zihong; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; He, Yao; Xie, WumingGiven the globally abundant availability of waste plastics and the negative environmental impacts of textile dyeing sludge (TDS), their co-combustion can effectively enhance the circular economies, energy recovery, and environmental pollution control. The (co-)combustion performances, gas emissions, and ashes of TDS and two plastics of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) were quantified and characterized. The increased blend ratio of PP and PE improved the ignition, burnout, and comprehensive combustion indices. The two plastics interacted with TDS significantly in the range of 200-600 degrees C. TDS pre-ignited the combustion of the plastics which in turn promoted the combustion of TDS. The co-combustions released more CO2 but less CH4, C-H, and C--O as CO2 was less persistent than the others in the atmosphere. The Ca-based minerals in the plastics enhanced S-fixation and reduced SO2 emission. The activation energy of the co-combustion fell from 126.78 to 111.85 kJ/mol and 133.71-79.91 kJ/mol when the PE and PP additions rose from 10% to 50%, respectively. The co-combustion reaction mechanism was best described by the model of f(alpha) = (1-alpha)n. The reaction order was reduced with the additions of the plastics. The co-combustion operation interactions were optimized via an artificial neural network so as to jointly meet the multiple objectives of maximum energy production and minimum emissions.Öğe Co-pyrolysis performances, synergistic mechanisms, and products of textile dyeing sludge and medical plastic wastes(Elsevier, 2021) Ding, Ziyi; Liu, Jingyong; Chen, Huashan; Huang, Shengzheng; Evrendilek, Fatih; He, YaoThis study aimed to quantify the co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and the two medical plastic wastes of syringes (SY) and medical bottles (MB) in terms of their performances, synergistic mechanisms, and products. The pyrolysis of polyolefin plastics with its high calorific value and low ash content can offset the poor monopyrolytic performance of TDS. The synergistic mechanisms occurred mainly in the range of 400-550 degrees C. The addition of 10% SY or MB achieved the best co-pyrolysis performance with the lowest activation energy. The co-pyrolysis increased the contents of CH4 and C-H but reduced CO2 emission. The co-pyrolysis released more fatty hydrocarbons, alcohols, and cyclic hydrocarbon during but reduced the yields of ethers and furans, through the synergistic mechanisms. The addition of the polyolefin plastics made the micro surface particles of chars smaller and looser. Our results can benefit energy utilization, pollution control, and optimal operational conditions for the industrial thermochemical conversions of hazardous wastes. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
