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    Distribution and occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with raspberry (Rubus idaeus) in Souss-Massa region of Morocco: Relationship with soil physico-chemical factors
    (Russian Acad Sci, Inst Parasitology, 2019) Mokrini, Fouad; Laasli, Salah-Eddine; Iraqui, Driss; Wifaya, Ahmed; Abdelaziz, Mimouni; Orakçı, Gül Erginbaş; İmren, Mustafa
    Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) polytunnels in Morocco's Souss-Massa region were surveyed between February and April 2018. The study was aimed to investigate the diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes affecting raspberry crop and to assess the effects of soil physico-chemical properties on the nematodes. Twelve nematode genera were identified form the soil and root samples collected from 41 raspberry polytunnels across the three provinces (Belfaa, Biougra and Khmis Ait Aimra). The most common plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) were Pratylenchus spp., Meloidogyne spp. and Helicotylenchus spp. In terms of their abundance and frequency, four PPN (Pratylenchus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Helicotylenchus spp. and Tylenchus spp.) were abundant and frequent throughout the region. Several genera of nematodes were significantly associated with soil texture, organic matter and pH, which indicate that soil properties play an important role in PPN communities. This description of PPN assemblages associated with red raspberry polytunnels in Souss-Massa region provides a starting point from which further studies will be implemented for the other regions of Morocco cultivating raspberries, and to develop efficient management strategies.
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    Diversity and management strategies of plant parasitic nematodes in moroccan organic farming and their relationship with soil physico-chemical properties
    (Mdpi, 2020) Krif, Ghizlane; Mokrini, Fouad; El Aissami, Aicha; Laasli, Salah-Eddine; İmren, Mustafa; Özer, Göksel; Paulitz, Timothy
    Organic farming has been increasing steadily over the last decade and is expected to grow drastically in the future. Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are known as one of the most important pests attacking various plants in conventional and organic farming systems. A survey was conducted in January 2019 to determine the occurrence and diversity of PPNs, their associations with soil properties, and to assess their management methods in organically farmed fields in Southern Morocco. Twelve genera of PPNs were identified in soil and root samples collected from 53 organic fields, including Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchus, Tylenchorynchus, Criconemoides, Trichodorus, and Xiphinema. The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.) were the most prevalent PPNs. Vegetable crops (bean, onion, and tomato) had high nematode diversity indices compared to some aromatic and medicinal crops, including the Shannon, Evenness, and plant parasitic index (PPI). Our study underlined that several PPN genera were significantly correlated with soil physico-chemical properties, in particular, soil structure and organic matter. Therefore, it was concluded that soil properties have a considerable impact on PPN communities in organic farming systems located in Southern Morocco. There are numerous strategies for the control of PPNs in organic farming systems.
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    Host suitability of different wheat lines to Pratylenchus thornei under naturally infested field conditions in Turkey
    (Brill Academic Publishers, 2019) Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Mokrini, Fouad; Laasli, Salah-Eddine; Yıldız, Şenol; Orakçı, Gül Erginbaş; Duman, Nagihan; İmren, Mustafa
    The root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, attacks a wide range of crops and causes significant reductions in global grain production. Breeding programmes are currently restricted to using parents with moderate resistance to P. thornei as cereal cultivars with complete resistance are yet to be identified. This study evaluated 484 of CIMMYT's spring wheat accessions for resistance to P. thornei of which 56 lines were pre-identified as resistant under controlled growth room conditions. These lines were further evaluated for their resistance and tolerance reactions under field conditions, where 14 accessions maintained their resistance and 16 were moderately resistant against P. thornei. Four lines gave excellent resistant and tolerance reactions to P. thornei. The relationship between the nematode reproduction factor (P-f/P-i) and wheat grain yield in field experiments fits a linear regression model. These findings could be useful for improving P. thornei resistance in wheat.
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    Potential of Moroccan entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae)
    (Nature Research, 2020) Mokrini, Fouad; Laasli, Salah-Eddine; Benseddik, Youssef; Joutei, Abdelmalek Boutaleb; Blenzar, Abdelali; Lakhal, Hicham; Sbaghi, Mohamed; İmren, Mustafa; Özer, Göksel
    The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, is a deleterious pest worldwide affecting fruit production. The entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a potential biocontrol agent that could be effectively used to control this Mediterranean fruit fly. In this study, five EPN strains reported from different fields in Morocco were evaluated for their efficacy against C. capitata. In laboratory assays, Steinernema feltiae-SF-MOR9, S. feltiae-SF-MOR10 and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora-HB-MOR7 strains showed significantly higher infectivity and penetration rates when compared to the other strains. S. feltiae-SF-MOR9 caused the highest larval mortality rate (80%) at 50 infective juveniles (IJs) cm(-2). However, additional results showed that both S. feltiae strains were significantly effective in controlling C. capitata larvae in apricot (Prunus armeniaca) fruits on soil surface with high mortality rate at 50 and 100 IJs -cm-2. Different soil textures and moisture levels resulted in a significant variation in EPN strain virulence against C. capitata. Sandy clay loam soil in combination with 50 IJs -cm-2 of S. feltiae (SF-MOR9 or SF-MOR10) caused a higher mortality rate of C. capitata larvae. Furthermore, applying these EPN strains at 50-100 IJs cm(-2) in combination with 10-15% moisture level showed optimal results against C. capitata larvae. Therefore, those two Moroccan EPN strains could be used as promising eco-friendly biological agents against C. capitata.