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    Could microwave glazing be considered as an alternative to conventional surface finishing methods of ceramic materials in terms of color stability?
    (Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2020) Şanal, Fatma Ayşe; Kurt, Murat
    Purpose:To examine microwave heating for the purpose of ceramic glazing as an alternative to conventional methods in terms of color stability. Materials and Methods: Thirty disk-shaped specimens (11 x 2 mm) of VITA VM 9, VITA VM 13, VITA VMK 95, and IPS e.max Ceram veneers were prepared (n = 30 each). The specimens were further divided into three subgroups according to surface finishing procedure (polishing, conventional oven glazing, or microwave glazing [n = 10 each]). The related surface finishing procedure was applied according to the manufacturers' instructions. Color differences (Delta E) of the ceramic samples stored in a coffee solution at 37 degrees C for 168 hours were determined using spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The group differences were analyzed using Tukey HSD test. Results: Microwave-glazed specimens showed similar Delta E values to conventionally glazed specimens for the tested ceramics (P>.05). Polished specimens showed higher Delta E values than glazed specimens for the investigated ceramic materials, and the difference was significant for VITA VMK 95 and Vita VM9 (P <=.05). Conclusion: Microwave glazing has the advantage of decreasing glazing time to a few minutes and could be considered as an alternative method to conventional oven glazing and polishing with respect to color stability.
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    The effect of microwave glazing on the surface properties of various porcelain materials
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2019) Şanal, Fatma Ayşe; Kurt, Murat
    Aim: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of microwave glazing, conventional oven glazing, and polishing on surface roughness and wettability of porcelains. Materials and Methods: The initial surface roughness values (Ra0) of the prepared specimens for four different porcelains (Vita VM 9, VitaVM 13, Vita VMK 95, IPS e.maxCeram) were determined by profilometry. Then, the specimens were divided randomly into three groups as polishing, conventional oven glazing, and microwave glazing. Final surface roughness values were evaluated by profilometry (Ra1) and scanning electron microscopy. Wettability of glazed specimens were evaluated by contact angle goniometer. Results: Although microwave-glazed specimens had lower Ra1 values compared with the conventional oven-glazed ones for IPS e.maxCeram (P < 0.05), there were not any statistically significant differences between these two procedures in terms of Ra1 values for the other porcelains (P 0.05). Microwave-glazed specimens had lower wettability values than conventional oven-glazed ones for Vita VM 9. Conclusions: Microwave glazing procedure may be considered as an alternative method because of the advantages of providing volumetric heating, time, and energy saving.