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Öğe Antimicrobial activity and agricultural properties of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) grown in northern parts of Turkey: a case study for adaptation(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Yaldız, Gülsüm; Şekeroğlu, Nazım; Kulak, Muhittin; Demirkol, GürkanThis study was designed to determine the adaptation capability of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.), which is widely grown in tropical and subtropical climates, in northern parts of Turkey. In this study, plant height, number of fruits, fruit length, fruit width, number of seeds and fruit weight of bitter melon grown in field conditions were determined. The antimicrobial effect of the ethanol extract of fruit and seeds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans microorganisms was tested in vitro by the disc diffusion method. In conclusion, plant height (260cm), number of fruits (16 per plant), number of seeds (30.2 per fruit), fruit width (3.8cm), fruit length (10.6cm) and fruit weight (117.28gfruit(-1)) were determined; fruits were found to have antimicrobial activity against A. niger; oil and seeds were found to have antimicrobial activity against A. niger and E. coli.Öğe Applications of Some Nanoparticles and Responses of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Under Stress Conditions(Springer International Publishing, 2023) Kulak, Muhittin; Yaldiz, Gulsum; Camlica, MahmutPlants have been the main source of livelihood for human beings since prehistoric times, in the form of wild-collecting or agricultural activities. With the increases in human population and their activities, as well as global climatic changes, it might not be possible to maintain the sustainability of crop production without any input of fertilizers. Of the most challenging situations, biotic and abiotic stress factors are the most notable to be investigated due to their hazardous impacts, in an extent of 50% loss in crop productivity. In addition to conventional approaches, recent studies have been oriented on the uses of new-engineered nanomaterials on sustainable crop productivity. In this regard, out of the nanomaterials employed, copper nanoparticles, titanium oxide nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles are the most examined nanoparticles in the relevant fields. Of the stress factors, drought and salinity are the most investigated abiotic stresses. The current chapter reviews the stress types and their impacts on agronomic traits and the secondary metabolites (terpenoids and phenolics) of medicinal and aromatic plants. Furthermore, the relevant studies were retrieved, visualized, and correlated using VOSviewer-aided bibliometric analysis. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.Öğe Farklı dozda kıbele gübre uygulamasının fesleğen (Ocimum basilicum L.) verimine etkisi(2017) Yaldız, Gülsüm; Çamlıca, Mahmut; Eratalar, Sabri Arda; Kulak, MuhittinBu araştırma, 2015-2016 yılları arasında Bolca Hindi A.Ş.'ye ait araştırma ve uygulama deneme alanında, farklı kıbele gübre uygulamalarının fesleğen (Ocimum basilicum L.) bitkisinin verim değerlerine olan etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu kapsamda, kıbele gübresinin 4 farklı dozu (750, 1000, 1250 ve 1500 kg da-1) kullanılmıştır. Fesleğen bitkisine ait bitki boyu, bitki başına düşen dal sayısı, yaş herba ve kuru herba verimine ilişkin değerlerin değişimi incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; toplam yeşil herba verimi 1764.96-4751 kg da-1, kuru herba verimi 316.58-744.30 kg da-1 arasında değişim göstermiştir. En yüksek toplam yaş ve kuru herba değerleri kontrol uygulamasından elde edilmiş olup, 750 kg da-1 kıbele gübre dozundan elde edilen verim değerleri ile kontrolden elde edilen verim değerleri benzerlik göstermektedir. Artan gübre dozlarına bağlı olarak bitki veriminde azalma belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, incelenen dozlar arasından 750 kg da-1 kıbele gübre dozunun fesleğen verimi üzerine olumlu etkileri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; denemenin her iki yılında da yaş ağırlık ve kuru ağırlık (r=0.762 ve r=0.895), yaş ağırlık ve bitki boyu (r=0.456 ve r=0.494) arasında anlamlı ve olumlu bir korelasyon belirlenmiştir (p<0.01)Öğe Herb vield and chemical composition of basil (ocimum basilicum l) essential oil in relation to the different harvest period and cultivation conditions(African Networks Ethnomedicines, 2015) Yaldız, Gülsüm; Gül, Fatih; Kulak, MuhittinBackground: Ocimum basilicum L., commonly known as sweet basil, is an important aromatic plant cultivated in many parts of the world for its essential oil. Basil does not show natural distribution in Turkey but they are cultivated as medicinal, seasoning or oil plants especially in the western and southern Anatolia. In this study, introduction of new production patterns of green and purple basil into Rize province in the northern parts of Turkey is the main objective of the present study. In this context, herb yield and chemical composition (essential oil and its components) of green and purple basil plants grown under open field and underneath or between kiwi plantations were determined and compared. Materials and Methods: The experiments were arranged as a split plot design with three replications in May in 2010 and 2011 in open-field conditions and between kiwi plantations. Three harvests were done for each year. After each harvest, above ground parts were dried at 35 degrees C and essential oils from aerial parts after each harvest were extracted using 30 g of dried material by hydro distillation (4 h) with Neo-Clevenger apparatus. The essential oil compositions were identified by GC-MS. Results: There were decline trends with respect to the plant height, fresh and dry herb yield in the second year. For both experimental years, the highest fresh and dry herb-yields were obtained in open-field conditions in green basil. There were no statistically significant differences in relation to essential oil yield in open-field conditions and kiwi plantations but the highest essential content was ascertained in open-field conditions for green basil. The major aroma constituents of basil were methyl cinnamate and linalool and the highest percentage was determined in open-field conditions for green basil. Conclusion: The lowest essential content obtained in open-field and between kiwi plantations for green and purple basil plants was even higher than the limit (%0.3) established by Turkish Standards Institution and total yield concerned with fresh and dry herb yield complied with the previously proposed literatures. Hence, basil cultivation underneath kiwi plantations may be implemented.
