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    The Anti-Convulsant Effects of Carvacrol in Penicillin- and Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Rat Models of Epilepsy
    (Maik Nauka/Interperiodica/Springer, 2024) Eksik, Handan; Ankarali, Seyit; Torun, Ibrahim Ethem; Kilinc, Erkan; Ankarali, Handan
    Epileptic seizures are caused by abnormal neuronal excitation. It is well established that carvacrol, a monoterpenoid phenol, is able to inhibit the voltage-gated sodium channels and L-type Ca2+ channels and enhance activation of GABA(A) receptors. We therefore hypothesize that carvacrol may prevent epileptic seizures by inhibiting neuronal cation influx and facilitating anion influx. Herein, we investigated possible anti-convulsant effects of carvacrol on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats. 63 male Wistar rats were assigned to the penicillin- and the pentylenetetrazole-induced groups. Both subgroups received three different doses of carvacrol (25, 75, and 150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Seizure stage, onset-times of both myoclonic-jerk and generalized tonic-clonic seizures and the duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizure were evaluated using Racine's scale in PTZ group, while spike frequency and the amplitude of epileptiform discharges were evaluated in the penicillin-induced group. The administration of carvacrol significantly extended the onset time of the first myoclonic jerk (150 mg/kg, p = 0.019) and decreased the number of spike-waves (75 mg/kg, p = 0.033). This study showed that carvacrol has the anti-convulsant effect. However, this effect was observed at a low level. The limited the anti-convulsant effect of carvacrol may be due to its insufficient of acute effect related to the transition of carvacrol to the epileptic focus. More studies are needed to evaluate the effect of carvacrol on chronic epilepsy models and its molecular and pharmacokinetic mechanisms.
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    Covid-19 Pandemic and Coronaviruses from Discovery to Treatment: A Tale of Two Decades of 21st Century
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Akhlaq, Muhammad; Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din; Ajaz, Mahvish; Khan, Muzammil Ahmad; Kilinc, Erkan; Adeel, Muhammad; Badar, Muhammad
    A new world map was led to progression after Pandemic Covid-19. The said arrangement narrowed the circle of life. A huge number of literatures could be seen on the electronic screens especially in 2020. But, truly observing one may find the word “Corona” early in the twenty-first century starting from China with a minor pandemic approach. Later in 2012 and now in 2019 and 2020 with an enormous spread around the globe. The current compilation comprehends the published literature on Pandemic Covid-19, summarizing the outbreak, diagnosis, management and the treatments including natural and synthetic molecules, during the last two decades. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on Biomarkers of Neurogenic Inflammation Underlying Migraine in Rats
    (Karger, 2021) Cetinkaya, Ayhan; Kilinc, Erkan; Camsari, Cagri; Ogun, Muhammed Nur
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    The Effects of Luteolin on Basal And Nitroglycerin-Induced CGRP Release from Ex-Vivo Rat Meningeal Preparations
    (Wiley, 2023) Jameel, Bassem Saleh; Torum, Ibrahim Ethem; Kilinc, Yasemin Baranoglu; Kilinc, Erkan
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    Esculetin Exerts Anti-nociceptive Effects by Suppressing CGRP and c-fos Expression and Mast Cell Activation in an Experimental Migraine Model
    (Wiley, 2023) Gonul, Ayca Nur; Torun, Ibrahim Ethem; Kilinc, Yasemin Baranoglu; Kilinc, Erkan
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    The MT2 Receptor-Mediated Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin in In-Vivo and Ex-Vivo Rat Models of Migraine
    (Wiley, 2023) Kilinc, Erkan; Torun, Ibrahim Ethem; Kilinc, Yasemin Baranoglu; Tore, Fatma
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    Plasma levels of neurogenic inflammation related neuropeptides in pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia and their potential diagnostic value in distinguishing viral and bacterial pneumonia
    (Springer, 2024) Bekdas, Mervan; Saygi, Bilgi; Kilinc, Yasemin Baranoglu; Kilinc, Erkan
    Neurogenic inflammation is involved in the development and progression of respiratory inflammatory diseases. However, its role in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains unclear. We therefore aimed to investigate plasma levels of neurogenic inflammation-related neuropeptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and procalcitonin (PCT) in pediatric patients with CAP and to assess their diagnostic value in viral and bacterial/mixed pneumonia. A total of 124 pediatric patients with CAP (1 month-18 years old) and 56 healthy children of similar ages were prospectively enrolled. The patients were classified as viral (n = 99) and bacterial/mixed (n = 25) pneumonia. Plasma levels of the peptides were quantified by ELISA. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate possible diagnostic value of the peptides. While plasma levels of CGRP, VIP and PCT were significantly higher in patients with CAP than in the control group, respectively, NPY levels were significantly lower. Moreover, plasma levels of all neuropeptides and PCT were significantly higher in bacterial pneumonia patients compared to viral pneumonia patients. ROC analysis revealed that CGRP, SP and NPY had a diagnostic value in distinguishing viral and bacterial/mixed pneumonia.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that these neuropeptides may be implicated in pediatric CAP. CGRP, SP and NPY together may be a promising candidate in distinguishing viral and bacterial/mixed pneumonia, however, for this, further studies are needed.What is Known:center dot Neurogenic inflammation contributes to the development and progression of respiratory inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma.What is New:center dot Plasma levels of neurogenic inflammation related neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and neuropeptide Y are changed in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia. Calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and neuropeptide Y are promising candidates in distinguishing viral and bacterial/mixed pneumonia.
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    Protective effects of long-term probiotic mixture supplementation against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, inflammation and oxidative stress in rats
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2021) Kilinc, Erkan; Ankarali, Seyit; Ayhan, Didem; Ankarali, Handan; Torun, Ibrahim Ethem; Cetinkaya, Ayhan
    Emerging evidence indicates that dysbiosis of gut microbiota plays an important role in epilepsy, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear due to the complex nature of both microbial composition and pathophysiology of epilepsy. We investigated effects of long-term probiotics supplementation on epileptic seizures, and inflammatory and oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers in a pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)-induced seizure model in rats. Male Wistar weaner-rats were divided into four groups. The first two groups received 1 ml/day saline solution, while the other groups received 0.05 mg/1ml/day vehicle or 109cfu/1ml/day probiotic-mixture, respectively, for 60 days by gavage. Seizure was induced by a single convulsive dose of PTZ. Seizures were evaluated using Racine's scale. Concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and brain tissue were determined using ELISA, while oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers were measured using an automated-colorimetric method. Probiotics supplementation exhibited anticonvulsant effects against PTZ-induced seizures by retarding onset-times of both myoclonic-jerk and generalized tonic-clonic seizure, and by shortening duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Additionally, it alleviated PTZ-induced increases in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-17A, but not of IFN gamma, in plasma and brain tissue. Moreover, it restored PTZinduced fluctuations in levels of oxidants TOS and disulfide, and of antioxidants native thiol and total thiol. Our findings suggest that long-term probiotics supplementation exhibits protective effects against epileptic seizures, and alleviates (neuro)inflammation and oxidative stress related to pathophysiology of epilepsy. A probiotic-rich diet provided from childhood may provide prophylaxis against epileptic seizures, especially in susceptible individuals, as the neonate diet represents a fundamental extrinsic factor in establishing gut microbiota. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.