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    The effects of ATP sensitive potassium channel (KATP) opener and blockers on Bcl-2, Bax, and Cyt-c gene expression levels in epileptic rats
    (Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, 2022) Kiliç, Ümit; Soytürk, Hayriye
    In this study, it was aimed to investigate the gene expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, and cytochrome c (Cyt-c), in the cortex region of pinacidil as a KATP channel opener and glibenclamide as a blocker on penicillin model epilepsy. Male Wistar-Albino rats were used. A total of 4 main groups were formed: Control, Epilepsy, Epilepsy-opener, and Epilepsy-blocker groups, then three-time points were formed subgroups (1st day, 4th, and 8th). 48 rats were used in total. The epileptic focus was created by intracortical administration of penicillin at a dose of 500 IU/2 ?l. Cortex is removed from all animals and cyt c, Bcl-2, and Bax gene expression levels were determined by qPCR. The SPSS 21 program was used for statistics. Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression levels were increased in the cortex regions of rats with epilepsy (p<0.05). Bcl-2, Bax gene expression levels, which increased due to epilepsy with the effect of KATP channels opened with pinacidil, returned to normal levels in the epilepsy opener group (p<0.05). Bcl-2 gene expression level, which was increased as a result of epilepsy due to the effect of KATP channels closed with glibenclamide, was higher than in the control and epilepsy-opener groups (p<0.05). Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression levels are increased in the cortex region due to epilepsy indicates that the apoptotic pathway could be activated. This study also It has been shown that the apoptotic pathway activated by epilepsy can be inactivated by pinacidil. © 2022 Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi. All rights reserved.
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    The effects of leptin on the cardiovascular system
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2023) Kiliç, Ümit; Soytürk, Hayriye; Suveren, Eylem; Yildiz, Ayşegül
    Leptin hormone is an adipokine released from adipose tissue that has recently gained interest due to its impact on the cardiovascular system as well as many other systemic effects. The obesity (ob) gene regulates leptin hormone release, which plays a role in body fat regulation. Obesity, which is defined by a rise in blood leptin levels, is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Because of the increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and the accompanying renin-angiotensin system, obesity produces a rise in extracellular fluid volume. The increase in sympathetic activity caused by hyperleptinemia is one of the reasons for obesity-related hypertension. One of the reasons for cardiovascular diseases in obesity is the interplay of angiotensin II, insulin, endothelin-A, and hyperleptinemia. Acute cardiovascular events, restenosis following coronary angioplasty, and cerebral palsy have all been linked to high leptin levels. In leptin-deficient mice, arterial thrombosis was shown to be minimal. As a result, inhibiting leptin activation could be a future therapy method for hyperleptinemic obese people to reduce the course of atherosclerosis. This book chapter will discuss the consequences of hyperleptinemia caused by high leptin serum levels and leptin receptor resistance in obesity on renal, cardiac, vascular, and sympathetic nervous system function, as well as their relationship to cardiovascular disease. © 2024 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Investigation of the effects of pinacidil and glibenclamide administration on HCN1, KCNT1, Kir 6.1, SUR1 gene expressions in hippocampus and cortex regions in epileptic rats
    (Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, 2022) Kiliç, Ümit; Soytürk, Hayriye
    The purpose of this study was to look into the effects of pinacidil and glibenclamide on HCN1, KCNT1, Kir 6.1, and SUR1 gene expression in epileptic rats hippocampus and cortex. Male Wistar-Albino rats were used in this study. The drugs pinacidil and glibenclamide were utilized. Control, Epilepsy, Epilepsy-O, and Epilepsy-B were the five groups formed. The epileptic focus was created by intracortical administration of penicillin at a dose of 500 IU/2 ?l. Hippocampus and Cortex are removed from all animals and Kir 6.1, SUR1, HCN1, and KCNT1 gene expression levels were determined by qPCR. The SPSS 21 program was used for statistics. HCN1 gene expression level is equal in the hippocampus and cortex (p<0.05). KCNT1, SUR1, and KIR6.1 are more expressed in the hippocampus than in the cortex (p<0.05). In epilepsy groups, HCN1 gene expression level was found to be higher than KCNT1, SUR1, and KIR6.1 gene expression levels (p<0.05). KIR6.1, SUR1, gene expression levels decreased with the application of pinacidil and glibenclamide (p<0.05). SUR1 and KIR6.1 gene expression levels were considerably lower in the epilepsy pinacidil group compared to the other groups. The gene expression levels in the hippocampus were found to be considerably higher than in the cortex group, according to this study. The fact that HCN1 gene expression levels are significantly greater in both the brain and the hippocampus 24 hours following the commencement of epileptic convulsions suggests that preventive medication may be possible. © 2022 Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi. All rights reserved.
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    The physiological and pathophysiological role of leptin in neurological and behavioral disorders
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2023) Soytürk, Hayriye; Kiliç, Ümit; Yildiz, Ayşegül
    Many factors can impact behavioral problems, including genetic, physiological, structural, and psychological factors. The genesis of behavioral disorders is influenced by several elements as a result of this complicated relationship. Because hormones are so tightly linked to the brain and nervous system, behavioral issues might be hormonal. Because of receptor insensitivity, the number of hormones may drop or rise; the number of receptors may alter; and mutations may develop. Leptin is a hormone that is generated mostly by fatty tissue, although it can also be produced by the placenta, skeletal muscle, stomach, mammary epithelium, and brain tissue. The hypothalamus, one of the body's most important organs, regulates the hormone leptin's physiological role and systemic effect. The leptin hormone inhibits appetite while increasing energy consumption in the hypothalamus arcuate nucleus. Leptin has been shown to have both peripheral and central effects, interacting with the endocrine system and hence possibly impacting behavior. Eating disorders, schizophrenia, sleep, sexual behavior, depression, anxiety, anorexia nervosa, bipolar illness, borderline personality disorder, and alcohol use disorders have all been connected to leptin. According to studies, leptin has been linked to several behavioral illnesses, including depression. Furthermore, the interaction of antidepressants and antipsychotics with the hormone leptin has emerged as a new topic of research. The role of leptin in neurological and behavioral diseases is emphasized in this book chapter. The chapter discusses many features of leptin and emphasizes the significance of future research to better understand leptin's involvement in disease causes and therapy. © 2024 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.