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Öğe Aquatic plants as human food(Springer International Publishing, 2018) Aasim, Muhammad; Bakhsh, Allah; Sameeullah, Muhammed; Karataş, Mehmet; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodWater is one of the main components of the earth and almost 70% of the earth is surrounded by water found in oceans, seas, lakes, rivers and below the Earth’s surface. All ancient human civilizations were established and developed near the water bodies in order to fill their stomach. These water bodies provided food source like fish for consumption and plants as vegetables or for medicinal purposes. Since ancient times, the aquatic plants have had significant economic and social impact on humans on the basis of their traditional knowledge. However, localized consumption of these aquatic plants as food or as medicinal plants limits their expansion to the world market. A large number of aquatic or semiaquatic plants have potential for commercialization as food plants due to their use and nutritional value but lack of knowledge hinders exploitation of their potential. This review presents general information on marine or freshwater plants along with form of uses and dishes made. Furthermore, information about underutilized aquatic plants is also given along with well-established aquatic edible plants. Keywords Aquatic Edible Fresh water Marine VegetablesÖğe Biotechnological approaches for genetic improvement of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.)(Springer Singapore, 2018) Aasim, Muhammad; Baloch, Faheem Shahzad; Bakhsh, Allah; Sameeullah, Muhammad; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodAbstract Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is one of the important medicinal plants of ancient medicinal systems due to its high nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties. Seeds and leaves of Fenugreek contain phytochemicals like diosgenin and trigonelline. It is a cultivated plant of the modern world for medicinal uses, an edible vegetable, and a forage plant. Advancement in industrial and biotechnological techniques for the isolation of phytochemicals increase the demand of Fenugreek, and its breeding programs are based on improving the secondary metabolites compared to other uses. Recent advancement in modern biotechnological approaches enables researchers to develop elite cultivars of desired traits in a short time. Application of modern techniques like artificial mutations under in vitro conditions, characterization using molecular markers, and development of successful plant tissue culture techniques, genetic transformation techniques, and functional genomics studies have significant potential to improve Fenugreek traits. The study highlights the application of biotechnological approaches used for the development of elite Fenugreek traits for the researchers for future breeding programs. Furthermore, the research gap and areas to improve research have been highlighted in this present study. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018.Öğe Common bean as a potential crop for future food security: An overview of past, current and future contributions in genomics, transcriptomics, transgenics and proteomics(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Shahid, Muhammad Qasim; Habyarimana, Ephrem; Yılmaz, Hilal; Alsaleh, Ahmad; Hatipoğlu, Rüştü; Çilesiz, Yeter; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Ludidi, Ndiko; Ercişli, Sezai; Aasim, Muhammad; Karaköy, Tolga; Baloch, Faheem ShahzadCommon bean is an important legume crop having high quality protein, micronutrients, vitamins and antioxidants, which makes it a "grain of hope" for poor communities. Hence, a good number of breeding activities have been performed on the improvement of various key traits for years. However, recent advancements in molecular markers, sequencing technologies and the completion of the common bean genome sequence have opened numerous opportunities for fine mapping and gene characterization. The availability of these tools together with investigations of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes for key traits such as morpho-agronomic, iron and zinc contents, cooking and quality traits, antioxidant activity, biotic and abiotic stresses pave the way to the development of new strategies for common bean genetic improvement. As a food source, it can contribute to the reduction of food scarcity worldwide in the coming years. Therefore, it is very important to take synergic efforts to integrate common bean genetic and genomic resources in breeding activities to ensure food security and contribute significantly to improved livelihoods in developing countries. Moreover, Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) and CRISPR-Cas9 should be used to develop climate resilience common bean varieties. Here, we provide an overview of the evolution of common bean research by highlighting the past and recent advances in genomics, transgenics, transcriptomics and proteomics and also critically discuss the future prospects for further genetic improvement and better expansion of this crop.Öğe An Insight to Micropropagation of Freshwater Aquatic Medicinal Plants(Springer International Publishing, 2019) Aasim, Muhammad; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Karataş, Mehmet; Shahzad Bloch, Faheem; Bakhsh, AllahFreshwater aquatic plants include medicinal and ornamental species: have limited demand and rarely micropropagated. Most of them are found in Southeast Asian environments as amphibians or fully submerged or floating in lakes, streams, and watercourses that are ignored as weeds. These plants have never been central focuses and were not looked for characteristic proliferation. It is difficult to multiply these plants using traditional techniques through seeds or natural proliferation of rhizomes or cuttings by maintaining quality. Rare and fragmented but important information about micropropagation of these neglected plants has been discussed in this chapter. There are certain aquatic or semiaquatic medicinal plants for which no effort has been made to propagate in vitro. Contrarily, plants like water hyssop have extensive in vitro regeneration protocols due to its high demand. This study compares methodologies used by researchers to micropropagate these plants. It is concluded that this study will help in understanding and establishing systems for scientific propagation of these plants. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.Öğe Plant tissue culture and genetic transformation studies of poor man crop cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.)(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2018) Aasim, Muhammad; Sameeullah, Muhammad; Bakhsh, Allah; Sevinc, Canan; Day, Sibel; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodCowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) with origin in West Africa, is one of the most important cultivated edible and drought tolerant legume of semiarid and subtropical regions. It is used for consumption as human food and animal feed, providing low cost protein and vitamin supplements. It is also important since it fixes atmospheric mitogen and could act as an intercrop with many important cereals, industrial and cash crops in high drought hit areas. Biotic and abiotic stresses are major constraints that are hitting yield of this crop in larger parts of the world. Use of biotechnology could serve as an appropriate technique to accelerate breeding activities and handle factors affecting its growth and development. This study reviews recent developments about the plant that is difficult and shows high recalcitrance to in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation; using different genes of interest, since 1980s. Main focus of the study included a comparison of protocols developed for sterilization, types of explants used in the study, growth mediums, cultural conditions, rooting, acclimatization and genetic transformation of cowpea. Different researchers have used variable pathways and pursuits to achieve regeneration from number of explants and plant hormone combinations to achieve the goals. © 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
