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    The Effects of Mistletoe (Viscum album L. subsp album) Extracts on Isolated Intestinal Contractions
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2008) Karakas, Alper; Serin, Erdinc; Guenduez, Buelent; Tuerker, Arzu Ucar
    Throughout history folk medicine has served as an alternative or complimentary method of treating disorders like intestinal colic. Mistletoe is a common name for many species of semi-parasitic plants that grow on trees throughout the world, and has been used widely to treat intestinal colic. We conducted a study to evaluate the effect of freeze-dried (group I) and heat-treated (group 2) extracts of Viscum album subsp. album leaves on contractions induced by acetylcholine in isolated hamster intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). Freeze-dried extracts decreased intestinal contractions in all the intestinal segments (P < 0.05). The strongest relaxant effect was observed in the jejunum and the weakest was seen in the duodenum. Higher doses of heat-treated extracts were required to affect segmental contractions than that of freeze-dried extracts (P < 0.05): heat-treated extracts had the greatest effect on reducing contractions in the jejunum and the least effect in the duodenum. Mistletoe extracts affected the level of contractions in a dose- and extraction preparation-dependent manner. The results of this study show that mistletoe extracts could be effective against intestinal motility problems and that they have potential use as a therapeutic remedy for intestinal colic.
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    The Effects of Pinealectomy and Melatonin Implants on Circadian Locomotor Activity Responses of the Mongolian Gerbils Exposed to Rapid Photoperiodic Transitions
    (Journal Neurological Sciences, 2010) Gunduz, Bulent; Karakas, Alper
    The jet-lag syndrome and the shift-work malaise take place by rapid changes in photoperiod and disturb people's life frequently. In the present study; we wanted to simulate these conditions. Control, pinealectomized and melatonin including silastic tube implanted Mongolian gerbils were respectively exposed into long (14L:10D), short (8L:16D), constant darkness (0L:24D) and constant light (24L:0D) photoperiods in order to investigate the effects of photoperiod, pineal gland and melatonin hormone in the photoperiodic reentrainment of this species. Gerbils showed an light/dark cycle entrained locomotor activity rhythm in long and short photoperiods, free-running in constant darkness and arrhythmic locomotor activity in constant light. The period lengths were similar to each other in the groups (p>0,05). Gerbils were reentrained by the changes in photoperiod nevertheless pinealectomy and melatonin implants did not make any significant influence on this reentrainment (p>0,05). Locomotor activity amounts varied in a group-photoperiod-dependent manner. These data suggest that photoperiod but not the pineal gland and constant release melatonin hormone is effective on the activity rhythm of the Mongolian gerbil.