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    Cluster analysis to the factors related to information about food fibers: A multinational study
    (De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2020) Guine, Raquel P. F.; Correia, Paula; Leal, Marcela; Rumbak, Ivana; Baric, Irena C.; Komes, Drazenka; Satalic, Zvonimir; Yalçın, Erkan
    The adequate intake of dietary fibers is essential to human health. Hence, this study intended to evaluate the level knowledge of about food fibers and investigate what factors might be associated with it. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample composed of 6,010 participants from ten different countries. The survey was based on a questionnaire of self-response, approved and complying with all ethical issues. The data collected were subjected to the factor analysis (FA) and the cluster analysis (CA). Validation was done by splitting the data set into two equal parts for confirmation of the results. FA concluded that ten from the 12 variables used to measure the knowledge about dietary fibre (DF) should be grouped into two dimensions or factors: one linked to health effects of DF (alpha = 0.854) and the other to its sources (alpha = 0.644). CA showed that the participants could be divided into three groups: Cluster 1-good knowledge both about sources and health effects of DF; Cluster 2-good knowledge about the sources of DF but poor knowledge about its health effects; Cluster 3-poor knowledge both about sources and health effects of DF. The data were appropriate for the analysis by means of factor and CA, so that two factors and three clusters were clearly identified. Moreover, the cluster membership was found varying mostly according to the country, living environment, and level of education but not according to age or gender.
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    Evaluation of consumer habits and knowledge about dietary fibre and fibre-rich products in Turkish population
    (De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2020) Yalçın, Erkan; Kösemeci, Cem; Correia, Paula; Karademir, Ezgi; Ferreira, Manuela; Florenca, Sofia G.; Guine, Raquel P. F.
    This study investigated the Turkish consumers' knowledge about dietary fibres and purchasing behaviours about fibre rich foods and also their attitudes towards food labelling with specific emphasis on dietary fibre. The survey consisted of a longitudinal study undertaken on a sample of 293 participants. For the analysis of the data, basic descriptive statistics was used, complemented with statistical tests (U-Mann Whitney [UMW] for comparisons between two groups and Kruskal-Wallis [KW] test for comparisons between three or more groups). Finally, a tree classification analysis was done to evaluate the relative importance of each of the possible influential variables on knowledge: age group, level of education, gender or living environment. The results revealed that both the level of knowledge about dietary fibre and foods and also the level of knowledge about dietary fibre and health effects were considered high for the general population. The classification analysis revealed that gender was the major discriminant for knowledge about dietary fibre and foods, while the most important discriminant for knowledge about dietary fibre and health effects was age. The importance of this study resided in the highlight of the pivotal factors that influence people's knowledge about dietary fibre sources and the health benefits of its ingestion.
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    Knowledge about dietary fibre : a fibre study framework
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Guine, Raquel P. F.; Ferreira, Manuela; Correia, Paula; Duarte, Joao; Leal, Marcela; Yalçın, Erkan; Kösemeci, Cem
    The objective of this work was to study the degree of knowledge about dietary fibre (DF), as influenced by factors such as gender, level of education, living environment or country. For this, a descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken on a non-probabilistic sample of 6010 participants from 10 countries in different continents (Europe, Africa and America). The results showed that the participants revealed on average a positive but still low global level of knowledge, which alerts for the need to take some actions to further inform the population about DF and its role as a component of a healthy diet. The results also indicated differences between genders, levels of education, living environments and countries. The highest level of knowledge was revealed by the participants from female gender, with higher education and living in urban areas. Concerning the country, the best informed were the participants from Romania, followed by those from Portugal and Turkey while the least informed were from Egypt.
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    Knowledge about dietary fibres (KADF): development and validation of an evaluation instrument through structural equation modelling (SEM)
    (W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2016) Guine, Raquel P. F.; Duarte, Joao; Ferreira, Manuela; Correia, Paula; Leal, Marcela; Yalçın, Erkan; Kösemeci, Cem
    Objectives: Because there is scientific evidence that an appropriate intake of dietary fibre should be part of a healthy diet, given its importance in promoting health, the present study aimed to develop and validate an instrument to evaluate the knowledge of the general population about dietary fibres. Study design: The present study was a cross sectional study. Methods: The methodological study of psychometric validation was conducted with 6010 participants, residing in 10 countries from three continents. The instrument is a questionnaire of self-response, aimed at collecting information on knowledge about food fibres. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was chosen as the analysis of the main components using varimax orthogonal rotation and eigenvalues greater than 1. In confirmatory factor analysis by structural equation modelling (SEM) was considered the covariance matrix and adopted the maximum likelihood estimation algorithm for parameter estimation. Results: Exploratory factor analysis retained two factors. The first was called dietary fibre and promotion of health (DFPH) and included seven questions that explained 33.94% of total variance (alpha = 0.852). The second was named sources of dietary fibre (SDF) and included four questions that explained 22.46% of total variance (alpha = 0.786). The model was tested by SEM giving a final solution with four questions in each factor. This model showed a very good fit in practically all the indexes considered, except for the ratio chi(2)/df. The values of average variance extracted (0.458 and 0.483) demonstrate the existence of convergent validity; the results also prove the existence of discriminant validity of the factors (r(2) = 0.028) and finally good internal consistency was confirmed by the values of composite reliability (0.854 and 0.787). Conclusions: This study allowed validating the KADF scale, increasing the degree of confidence in the information obtained through this instrument in this and in future studies. (C) 2016 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Knowledge about sources of dietary fibres and health effects using a validated scale: a cross-country study
    (W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2016) Guine, Raquel P. F.; Duarte, Joao Carvalho; Ferreira, Manuela Maria; Correia, Paula; Leal, Marcela; Yalçın, Erkan
    Objectives: Dietary fibre (DF) is one of the components of diet that strongly contributes to health improvements, particularly on the gastrointestinal system. Hence, this work intended to evaluate the relations between some sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, level of education, living environment or country on the levels of knowledge about dietary fibre (KADF), its sources and its effects on human health, using a validated scale. Study design: The present study was a cross-sectional study. Methods: A methodological study was conducted with 6010 participants, residing in 10 countries from different continents (Europe, America, Africa). The instrument was a questionnaire of self-response, aimed at collecting information on knowledge about food fibres. The instrument was used to validate a scale (KADF) which model was used in the present work to identify the best predictors of knowledge. The statistical tools used were as follows: basic descriptive statistics, decision trees, inferential analysis (t-test for independent samples with Levene test and one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons post hoc tests). Results: The results showed that the best predictor for the three types of knowledge evaluated (about DF, about its sources and about its effects on human health) was always the country, meaning that the social, cultural and/or political conditions greatly determine the level of knowledge. On the other hand, the tests also showed that statistically significant differences were encountered regarding the three types of knowledge for all sociodemographic variables evaluated: age, gender, level of education, living environment and country. Conclusions: The results showed that to improve the level of knowledge the actions planned should not be delineated in general as to reach all sectors of the populations, and that in addressing different people, different methodologies must be designed so as to provide an effective health education. (C) 2016 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Sources of information about dietary fibre: a cross-country survey
    (Future Acad, 2016) Ferreira, Manuela; Guine, Raquel P. F.; Duarte, Joao; Correia, Paula; Leal, Marcela; Yalçın, Erkan; Kösemeci, Cem
    Dietary fibre (DF) is recognized as a major determinant for improvement of health. Hence the means of information through which people become aware of its benefits are crucial and this work aimed at studying the sources of information about DF. Factors such as age, gender, level of education, living environment or country were evaluated as to their effect on the selection of sources and preferences. For this, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 6010 participants from 10 countries. For the analysis were used descriptive statistics, crosstabs and chi square test, and factor analysis with Varimax rotation. The results showed that mostly the information about DF comes from the internet, but the participants recognize that television might be a most suitable way to disseminate information about DF. The results also indicated differences between age groups, genders, levels of education, living environments and countries. The internet, the preferred source of information, got highest scores for Hungary, for urban areas, for university level of education and for female gender. The radio, the least scored source of information, was preferred in Egypt, for men and with lower education (primary school). As a conclusion, people get information through the internet due to easy access. However, it is to some extent a risk given the impossibility to control de information made public on the internet. The role of health centers and hospitals as well as schools should definitely be increased, as a responsible way to ensure correct information. (C) 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.uk