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Öğe Characterization of potato golden cyst nematode populations (globodera rostochiensis) in Turkey(Friends Science Publ, 2020) Toktay, Halil; Evlice, Emre; İmren, Mustafa; Özer, Göksel; Ali, Muhammad Amjad; Dababat, AbdelfattahGolden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens, is one of the most important soilborne pathogens causing economic losses in potato. The nematode is known to occurin several countries including Turkey and has a worldwide regulatory concern. In this study, identification and genetic diversity of G. rostochiensis specimens obtained from the main potato producing areas of Turkey were determined. Twenty -five of 35 soil samples collected from the provinces of Izmir, Nevsehir and Nigde were found to contain G. rostochiensis. The variation between G. rostochiensis populations was determined when examined according to ecological and pathogenic characteristics of nematode in Turkey. The cysts of G. rostochiensis were identified by measuring the morphological characters using perennial patterns, vulval cone, vulval basin and juveniles. Phylogenetic analysis of the Large Sub Unit (LSU) region of rDNA sequences was used to assess the inter or intra phylogenetic relationships between the nematode populations. The phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the nematode specimens from Turkey cluster with Globodera spp. and signified the presence of single species of G. rostochiensis. As a result, morphological, morphometric and molecular methods were successfully combined for identification and characterization of G. rostochiensis. The frequency of G. rostochiensis in regulatory samples frompotato -producing areas is becoming increasingly important. The morphological characterization has several complications in the detection of this quarantine nematode, using of this combination is beneficial for a reliable and quick diagnostic for these nematodes which is crucial for regulatory services and growers. The results might help to investigate different ecotypes of G. rostochiensis for comprehensive understanding about physiology, ecology , and biology of the genus Globodera for its effective management in Turkey. (C) 2020 Friends Science PublishersÖğe Correction to: Molecular characterization of Heterodera cruciferae Franklin, 1945 from cabbage felds in Nigde province, Turkey (Sep, 10.1007/s11033-022-07860-w, 2022)(Springer, 2023) Toktay, Halil; Akyol, Badel G.; Evlice, Emre; İmren, MustafaIn the original publication of the article, the affiliation of the third author was incorrectly published.Öğe The efficacy of fosthiazate, fluopyram, and paecilomyces lilacinus against field population of Globodera rostochiensis(Organization of Nematologists of Tropical America, 2022) Saleh, Azzam; Altaş, Ahmet; Evlice, Emre; Özer, Göksel; İmren, Mustafa; Dababat, Abdelfattah AmerThe potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, is a major potato pest throughout the world. Despite the environmental concerns associated with the use of chemical nematicides, they remain essential for integrated management programs, especially when resistant varieties are lacking. This study investigated fosthiazate efficacy to control G. rostochiensis in potato in comparison to fluopyram and the biological control agent Paecilomyces lilacinus strain PL1. Two independent trials were carried out at fields in Odemis and Bozdag Districts, Izmir Province, Turkey. All treatments reduced densities of G. rostochiensis in roots and soil compared to the non-treated controls. All pesticides consistently decreased the reproduction factor (Rf = final population density/initial population density) values of G. rostochiensis compared to the non-treated controls in Odemis and Bozdag. However, fosthiazate and fluopyram were more effective than the biological agent. Fosthiazate, fluopyram, and P. lilacinus strain PL1 applications increased potato yields in Odemis and Bozdag by 21-34% and 20-31%, respectively, compared to the control. In conclusion, the application of fosthiazate and fluopyram provided a higher level of protection against G. rostochiensis and should be considered an alternative and integrative option in nematode management programs.Öğe Identification, distribution and genetic diversity of Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) populations in Turkey(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2020) Altaş, Ahmet; Evlice, Emre; Özer, Göksel; Dababat, Abdelfattah; İmren, MustafaThe golden nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) is one of the most economically important pests of potato in the world. Tests for this nematode are routinely performed for outbreaks and densities in potato growing areas. The morphological and molecular analyses for precise determination of the nematode are employed to establish appropriate management strategies. This study showed that 96% of soil samples obtained from Bozdag and Odemis Districts of Izmir Province, during 2017 and 2018 potato growing seasons, were positive for G. rostochiensis. The mean number of cysts ranged from 0.01 to 3.70 cysts g(-1) soil in the fields examined. The examination of the morphological and morphometric features of the second-stage juveniles and cysts of the G. rostochiensis revealed slight differences among the populations obtained from Bozdag and Odemis. To assess the accuracy of the identification, partial sequences of ribosomal DNA for all populations were amplified, sequenced, and deposited in GenBank. The comparisons of the sequences with those of corresponding G. rostochiensis populations available in GenBank showed 99.89-100% nucleotide similarity. The results of this study will help to better understand the physiology, ecology and biology of the nematode to quarantine this pest more effectively.Öğe Phytophagous nematodes in cereal fields in Nigde Province, Turkey(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2020) Toktay, Halil; İmren, Mustafa; Akyol, Badel G.; Evlice, Emre; Riley, Ian T.; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.This study evaluated the occurrence and incidence of phytophagous nematodes and identified the cereal cyst nematode species by morphological and molecular tools in the main cereal-growing areas in Nigde in 2018-2019. Phytophagous nematodes within twelve genera were detected in 95% of soil samples. The most common phytophagous nematodes in cereal soil were in the genera Heterodera, Ditylenchus, Merlinius, Pratylenchus, Aphelenchus, Aphelenchoides, Tylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Trophurus, Pratylenchoides, Filenchus and Xiphinema (in decreasing order of incidence). In particular, 75% of the soil samples from surveyed fields were infested with the cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.). Morphological characteristics of cysts and second-stage juveniles were calculated within the expected ranges for Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter, 1984, however, two populations from Camardi was determined as Heterodera latipons Franklin, 1969 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae). Intraspecific variation was not observed within the populations of H. filipjevi which could be in the same genotypic group. In addition to the high incidence of these Heterodera spp., intensive cereal cropping systems with/without non-cereal rotations in wheat production areas of Nigde also resulted in high incidence of root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus species.Öğe Population fluctuations of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. hapla under field conditions(SPRINGER, 2022) Evlice, Emre; Toktay, Halil; Yatkın, Gökhan; Erdoğuş, Fatma Dolunay; İmren, MustafaMeloidogyne chitwoodi Golden, O'Bannon, Santo & Finley, 1980 and M. hapla Chitwood, 1949 are important pests of potato in Turkey. This study was conducted in three experimental areas where conventional agronomic practices have been done in Nigde (Center district) and Nevsehir (Center and Derinkuyu districts) provinces. Nematodes were extracted by modified Oostenbrink dish from soil samples taken from 0 to 30 cm depths every month between 2014 and 2017 to assess the population fluctuations of these root-knot nematodes under field conditions. The whole suspension was checked for Meloidogyne juveniles which were counted under an inverted microscope. Morphological and molecular identification results showed that two experimental areas were infested by M. chitwoodi while one experimental area (Derinkuyu) was infested with both M. chitwoodi and M. hapla. Our study showed that M. chitwoodi population level decreased during wheat cultivation and were maintained under rye cultivation, whereas M. chitwoodi and M. hapla population levels increased rapidly under potato and bean cultivation. It was found that M. chitwoodi population increased more when potatoes were planted, while M. hapla increased more in bean. The best sampling time for M. chitwoodi and M. hapla was observed to be right after harvest, when the population was highest, but both could be detected in soil samples even when the ambient temperature was below zero. These results demonstrated that farmers should be careful in their choice of rotational crop with potatoes in areas infested with M. chitwoodi and M. hapla.
