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Öğe Broyler hindi rasyonlarına L-karnitin ilavesinin performans, kan parametreleri ve bağışıklık sistemi üzerine etkileri(2009) Erol, Handan; Yalçın, SakineBu araştırma, hindi yemlerine farklı düzeylerde (0, 50, 100 ve 150 mg/kg) L-karnitin katılmasının verim özellikleri, bazı kan parametreleri ve bağışıklık sistemi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada hayvan materyali olarak toplam 48 adet 6 haftalık dişi palaz kullanılmıştır. Deneme her biri 12 adet dişi palazdan meydana gelen 1 kontrol ve 3 deneme olmak üzere toplam 4 grup halinde yürütülmüştür. Her grup 3 dişi palazdan oluşan 4 tekrar grubuna ayrılmıştır. Birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü deneme grupları rasyonlarına sırasıyla 50, 100 ve 150 mg/kg düzeylerinde L-karnitin ilavesi yapılmıştır. Kontrol grubu rasyonuna L-karnitin ilave edilmemiştir. Araştırma 10 hafta sürdürülmüştür. Araştırma sonunda yemlere farklı düzeylerde katılan karnitinin hindilerde canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı, karkas randımanı, iç organ ağırlıkları ve abdominal yağ ağırlığı ile oranlarını, ince bağırsak pH'sı ve kan serumunda toplam protein, kolesterol, trigliserit, alanin amino transferaz, aspartat amino transferaz ve alkalin fosfataz düzeyleri üzerine etkisi gözlenmemiştir. Hindilerde karnitinin bağışıklık sistemi üzerinde de herhangi bir etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, yemlere 50, 100 ve 150 mg/kg düzeylerinde L-karnitin ilavesinin broyler dişi hindilerde verim özellikleri, bazı kan parametreleri ve bağışıklık sistemi üzerinde önemli bir etkisi saptanmamıştır.Öğe Effects of dietary black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens(Wiley, 2009) Yalçın, Sakine; Yalçın, Suzan; Erol, Handan; Buğdaycı, K. Emre; Özsoy, Bülent; Çakır, SerkanBACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary black cumin seed on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens during a 12 week period. For this purpose a total of 160 Lohmann Brown laying hens 36 weeks of age were allocated to four dietary treatments with one control group and three treatment groups. Black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) was used at the level of 5, 10 and 15 g kg(-1) in the diets of the first, second and third treatment groups, respectively. RESULTS: Dietary treatments did not significantly affect body weight, feed intake, egg production, egg quality characteristics and blood parameters. Diets containing 10 and 15 g kg(-1) black cumin seed increased egg weight (P < 0.01), improved feed efficiency (P < 0.01) and decreased egg yolk cholesterol, saturated fatty acids (% of total fatty acid methyl esters) and the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.05) compared to the diet of control group. CONCLUSION: Dietary black cumin seed at the level of 10 and 15 g kg(-1) had beneficial effects on egg weight, feed efficiency, egg cholesterol content and egg yolk fatty acid composition. Therefore it can be used at the level of 10 and 15 g kg(-1) in the diets of laying hens. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical IndustryÖğe The effects of dietary poppy seed oil and sunflower oil on performance, reproduction and egg quality parameters and fatty acid profile of egg yolk in the Japanese quail(Medwell Online, 2009) Midilli, Mustafa; Bayram, İsmail; Erol, Handan; Çetingül, İbrahim Sadi; Çakır, SerkanThe present experiment, was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary Popy Seed Oil (PSO) and Sunflower Oil (SFO) alone or in combination in quail diets on the performance, reproduction and egg quality parameters and fatty acid composition of egg yolk. Totally 196 female and 56 male Japanese quails of 7 weeks of age were individually weighed. The initial body weight was comparable. The birds were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 dietary treatments, with each treatment replicated 4 times randomly among the batteries with 7 female and 2 male quails for replicate. Control group was fed a diet unsupplemented PSO and/or SFO. The diets of treatment groups were supplemented PSO and SFO as follows: Group I; 15 g kg(-1) PSO, Group II; 15 g kg(-1) SFO, Group III; 7.5 g kg(-1) PSO + 7.5 g kg(-1) SFO, Group IV; 30 g kg(-1) PSO, Group V; 30 g kg(-1) SFO and Group VI; 15 g kg(-1) PSO + 15 g kg(-1) SFO, respectively. The birds received water and feed ad libutum during the study. The addition of PSO and SFO alone or in combination did not significantly affect performance, hatchability and fertility, egg quality traits (egg shell thickness, egg albumen index, egg yolk index and egg haugh unit). However, dietary PSO, SFO and PSO + SFO supplementation significantly (p<0.05) caused to decrease on saturated fatty acid levels in egg yolk. On the other hand PSO, SFO and PSO + SFO supplementation to the experimental diets resulted in increase (p<0.001) on unsaturated fatty acid in egg yolk. The results of this study, demonstrated that PSO, SFO and PSO + SFO supplementations into quail diets caused significant positive effects due to decreasing of saturated fatty acids and increasing of unsaturated fatty acids in egg yolk without adverse effects on laying performance, hatchability, fertility and egg quality traits of laying quails.Öğe The effects of dietary supplementation of L-carnitine and humic substances on performance, egg traits and blood parameters in laying hens(Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies, 2006) Yalçın, Sakine; Ergün, Ahmet; Özsoy, Bülent; Yalçın, Suzan; Erol, HandanThis experiment was carried out to determine the effects of supplementation of L-carnitine and humic substances alone or in combination in laying hen diets on performance, egg traits and blood parameters. A total of 180 IGH type brown laying hens aged 22 weeks were employed in a completely randomized block design with one control group and three treatment groups. Each group was divided into five replicates as subgroups, each comprising 9 hens. The diets of the first, second and third treatment groups were supplemented with 0.1 g/kg L-carnitine, 1.5 g/kg humic substances (Farmagülator® Dry Plus) and 0.1 g/kg L-carnitine+1.5 g/kg humic substances, respectively. The experimental period lasted 18 weeks. Feeding supplemental carnitine, humic substances or carnitine+humic substances resulted in increases in body weight gain (p<0.05). Dietary treatments did not significantly affect daily feed intake, daily metabolizable energy intake, egg production, egg weight, feed efficiency, mortality, egg shape index, egg breaking strength, egg shell thickness, egg albumen index, egg yolk index, egg Haugh unit and the percentages of egg shell, albumen and yolk. Supplementation of humic substances reduced egg yolk cholesterol as mg per g yolk and mg per yolk (p<0.05). Blood serum parameters were not affected by the supplementation of carnitine, humic substances or carnitine+humic substances. The results in this study demonstrated that humic substances supplementation reduced egg cholesterol without adverse effects on performance, egg traits and blood parameters of laying hens. It was concluded that the usage of L-carnitine alone or in combination with humic substances in diets had no beneficial effects in laying hens.Öğe The effects of dietary supplementation of L-carnitine on performance, blood parameters and immune system in broiler turkeys(Ankara Univ Press, 2009) Erol, Handan; Yalcin, SakineThis experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of L-carnitine (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) added to the broiler turkey diets oil performance characteristics, some blood parameters and immune system. A total of 48 female poults aged 6 weeks were used in this experiment. They were divided into one control group and three treatment groups each containing 12 female poults. Each group was divided into four replicate groups each containing 3 poults. The diets of the first, second and third treatment groups were supplemented with 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg L-carnitine, respectively. L-carnitine was not added to the diet of control group. The experimental period lasted 10 weeks. At the end of the experiment live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, carcass yield, weights and rates of internal organs and abdominal fat, pH value Of Small intestine and total protein, cholesterol, trigliceride, and activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase of blood serum were not affected by different levels of carnitine supplementation to diets. Immune system of female poults was not affected by dietary L-carnitine. The results in this study demonstrated that L-carnitine Supplementation at the levels of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg to the diets of female poults did not have any significant effects oil performance characteristics, some blood parameters and immune system.Öğe Effects of different forced molting methods on postmolt production, corticosterone level, and immune response to sheep red blood cells in laying hens(Oxford Univ Press, 2007) Onbaşılar, Esin Ebru; Erol, HandanThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different molting methods on postmolt production, plasma corticosterone levels, and antibody production to SRBC for the welfare of laying hens. This experiment was conducted with 120 IGH-type Brown laying hens (70 wk of age), randomly divided into 3 experimental groups. The hens in one group were fed a whole-grain barley diet during the first 10 d (WB diet). On d 11, hens consumed 100 g of layer diet/d until d 28. In the second group, hens were fed a Zn diet containing 10,000 mg/kg of Zn as ZnO for 10 d (Zn diet). Hens were then provided 100 g of a layer diet from d 11 to 28. In the third group, feed was withdrawn for 10 d, and on d 11 hens were fed a cracked corn diet ad libitum until d 28 (California method; CAL diet). Hens in all groups were returned to the layer diet ad libitum on d 29. Egg weight was lower in the Zn treatment than in the other treatments. Feed intake and plasma corticosterone levels were higher and antibody production was lower in the CAL treatment than in the WB and Zn groups. The FCR was better in the WB than in the Zn group. Mortality, egg production, and egg quality were not significantly different among the molting methods. As a result, the WB molting program was the best method for postmolt production among the programs examined.Öğe Effects of glycerol on performance, egg traits, some blood parameters and antibody production to SRBC of laying hens(Elsevier Science Bv, 2010) Yalçın, Sakine; Erol, Handan; Özsoy, Bülent; Onbaşılar, İlyas; Yalçın, SuzanThis study was designed to investigate the effects of the usage of glycerol from biodiesel production from soybean oil in laying hen diets on laying performance, egg traits, heterophils to lymphocytes ratio (H/L), sonic blood parameters and antibody production to SRBC. A total of 180 Lohmann Brown laying hens 39 weeks of age were allocated to four dietary treatments with one control group and three treatment groups and fed for 16 weeks. Each group was divided into five replicates as subgroups, comprising of 9 hens each. Glycerol was used at the level of 2.5, 5 and 7.5% in the diets of the first, second and third treatment groups, respectively. The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Dietary treatments did not significantly affect body weight, egg production, egg weight, feed efficiency, mortality, egg albumen index, egg yolk index and egg Haugh unit, yolk weight percentage, exterior egg quality characteristics, excreta moisture, H/L. ratio, blood parameters and antibody production to SRBC. Hens fed diets with 7.5% glycerol consumed significantly less feed than those of the other groups. Egg yolk cholesterol concentration was significantly higher for hens fed diets with 5 and 7.5% glycerol as compared to those of the other groups (P < 0.01). The ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) in eggs was decreased (P < 0.01) with dietary glycerol supplementation. The inclusion of glycerol had no significant effects on blood parameters, H/L ratio, antibody titers to SRBC and excreta moisture. It is concluded that glycerol can be used at 2.5% in the diets of laying hens without adverse effects on the measured parameters. Dietary glycerol at the levels of 5 and 7.5% increased egg yolk cholesterol and decreased the ratio of MUFA/SFA without affecting performance, other egg traits, immune response, H/L ratio, blood parameters and excreta moisture. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of L-carnitine supplementation to the diets containing different levels of energy on performance and some blood parameters of quails(Ankara Univ Press, 2007) Yalcin, Sakine; Bugdayci, K. Emre; Oezsoy, Buelent; Erol, HandanThis experiment was carried out to determine the effects of the usage of L-carnitine in diets with different levels of energy on some productive characteristics and blood parameters of Japanese quail. A total of 204 quail chicks aged one week (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) were used. They were divided into four groups each containing 51 quail chicks. Diets having normal (3000 kcal/kg) and low (2700 kcal/kg) metabolizable energy level were supplemented with 0 and 100 mg/kg L-carnitine. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenic. The experimental period lasted five weeks. L-carnitine supplementation to the diets having normal energy level did not affect the live weight at the end of the experiment, total live weight gain, feed intake per one kg live weight gain and carcass yield but increased total feed intake (p<0.01) and decreased serum cholesterol level (p<0.01). The values of live weight at the end of the experiment were increased (p<0.01) and feed intake per one kg live weight gain (p<0.01), the serum levels of cholesterol (p<0.01) and triglyceride (p<0.05) were decreased by L-carnitine supplementation to the low energy diets. As a result, L-carnitine supplementation to the diets of low energy level have positive effects on the performance and decrease the levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides of Japanese quails.Öğe Farklı enerji düzeylerindeki rasyonlara L-karnitin ilavesinin bıldırcınlarda performans ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkisi(2007) Yalçın, Sakine; Buğdaycı, K. Emre; Özsoy, Bülent; Erol, HandanBu araştırma, farklı enerji düzeylerindeki rasyonlarda L-karnitin kullanımının Japon bıldırcınlarında performans özellikleri ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Denemede toplam 204 adet bir haftalık Japon bıldırcın civcivi (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) kullanılmıştır. Her biri 51 adet bıldırcın civcivi kapsayan 4 grup düzenlenmiştir. Normal (3000 kcal/kg) ve düşük (2700 kcal/kg) metabolize olabilir enerji düzeyine sahip karma yemlere 0 ve 100 mg/kg L-karnitin ilave edilmiş ve ham protein düzeyleri eşit olacak şekilde düzenlenmiştir. Deneme 5 hafta sürdürülmüştür. Normal enerji düzeyine sahip rasyona L-karnitin ilavesi ile bıldırcınlarda deneme sonu canlı ağırlık, toplam canlı ağırlık artışı, bir kg canlı ağırlık artışı için tüketilen yem miktarı ve karkas randımanı etkilenmemiş, fakat toplam yem tüketimi artmış (p<0.01), serum kolesterol düzeyi azalmıştır (p<0.01). Düşük enerjili rasyona L-karnitin ilavesinin ise bıldırcınlarda deneme sonu canlı ağırlığı arttırdığı (p<0.01), bir kg canlı ağırlık artışı için tüketilen yem miktarı (p<0.01), serum kolesterol (p<0.01) ve trigliserit (p<0.05) düzeylerini azalttığı bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak düşük enerji düzeylerindeki rasyonlara L-karnitin ilavesinin Japon bıldırcınlarında performansı olumlu yönde etkilediği, serum kolesterol ve trigliserit düzeylerini düşürdüğü gözlenmiştir.Öğe Lifli maddeler ve kanatlı beslemede önemi(2004) Erol, Handan; Yalçın, SakineLifli maddeler, hayvan sağlığı üzerinde önemli etkiye sahip olan bir rasyon unsurudur. Suda çözünmeyen ve suda çözünen olmak üzere iki çeşit lifli maddeler vardır. Suda çözünen lifli maddeler nişasta tabiatında olmayan suda çözünen polisakkaritlerdir. Suda çözünmeyen lifli maddeler, çözünmeyen hücre duvarı materyali olup selüloz, hemiselüloz, pektik maddeler, protein ve ligninden oluşmaktadır. Lifli maddeler düşük besleyici değere sahip olmasından dolayı kanatlı rasyonlarmda sınırlı miktarlarda bulunmalıdır. Kanatlı rasyonlarmda lifli yem maddelerinin kullanımı yumurta kolesterol düzeyi, besin madde değerlendirilmesi, kanibalismus, müsin salgılanması, sindirim kanalı ve mikroorganizmalar üzerine olumlu etkilere sahiptir. Lifli yem maddeleri damızlıkların kontrollü gelişiminde de önem taşımaktadır. Bununla birlikte olumlu etkiler, lifli maddenin kaynağına, fiziksel yapısına, kimyasal yapısına, kanatlının yaşına ye rasyonlardaki düzeyine bağlıdır.Öğe Use of L-carnitine and humate in laying quail diets(Akademiai Kiado Rt, 2005) Yalçın, Sakine; Ergün, Ahmet; Erol, Handan; Yalçın, Suzan; Özsoy, BülentThis experiment was carried out to determine the effects of using L-carnitine and humate alone or in combination in quail diets on laying performance, egg traits and blood parameters. A total of 280 Japanese quails aged 10 weeks, divided into one control group and three treatment groups, were used. The diets of the first, second and third treatment groups were supplemented with 100 mg L-carnitine/kg, 1.5 g humate (Farmagulator (R) Dry Plus)/kg and 100 mg L-camitine + 1.5 g humate/kg, respectively. The experimental period lasted 16 weeks. The addition of L-camitine and sodium humate alone or in combination did not significantly affect body weight, feed consumption, egg production, feed conversion ratio, mortality, egg-shell thickness, egg yolk index and the percentages of egg-shell, albumen and yolk. Egg weight increased (P < 0.001) with L-camitine supplementation. The values of egg albumen height (P < 0.05), egg albumen index (P < 0.01) and egg Haugh unit (P < 0.05) were increased with humate supplementation. Egg cholesterol content and blood serum parameters were not affected by the supplementation of L-camitine with or without humate. The results in this study demonstrated that L-carnitine supplementation increased egg weight while humate addition increased egg albumen index and egg Haugh unit of laying quails. However, the combined administration of L-camitine and humate did not have any significant effects on the parameters measured.
