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Öğe Bioprocesses modeling of acidolysis and redoxolysis activities of ferric and ferrous iron by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter aceti(2023) Ermurat, YakupThe acidolysis and redoxolysis reactions regulate the oxidation and reduction of ferric [Fe^(+3) ] and ferrous iron [Fe^(+2) ] which are vital for living organisms. Bioprocesses modeling of the acidolysis along with redoxolysis activities of ferric to ferrous iron [(Fe^(+3))/(Fe^(+2) )] by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter aceti was studied. The bioprocess experiments were carried out at different temperatures of 25oC, 30oC and 35oC for eight weeks. Glucose, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, ethyl alcohol and vinegar were used in incubation media as substrate and acidic purposes. The [(Fe^(+3))/(Fe^(+2) )] ratios were determined from pH and Nernst equation, and the modeling of the bioprocesses was accomplished by employing the specific iron utilization rate from Michaelis-Menten equation. The oxidation result of ions was found noticeable at 35oC in the microbial environment.Öğe Effects of structural changes in bile salt hydrolase enzyme on biocatalytic efficiency and activation energy at working pH and temperature conditions(Hrvatsko Drustvo Kemjijskih Inzenjera I Tehnologa, 2022) Ermurat, Yakup; Öztürk, Mehmet; Önal, Cansu; Kılıçsaymaz, ZekiyeMicrobial bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) catalyse the hydrolysis of glycine and taurine-linked bile salts in the small intestine of humans. Achieving the effects of structural changes in BSH molecules on biocatalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) and activation energy (Ea) is necessary to determine biocatalytic performances of the enzymes. Amino acids responsible for biocatalytic activity or substrate specificity in BSH molecules were modified to determine the effects of structural changes on kcat/Km values and Ea values of the bioconversion reactions. Purified wild type positive control enzyme (pCON2) and mutant recombinant target enzymes (F18L and Y24L) reacted with six conjugated pure bile salt substrates at working temperature and pH conditions. The results of the hydrolysis conversion analysis conducted at various pH conditions were used to estimate kcat/Km, and the assays conducted at various temperature conditions were used to approximate Ea of the biocatalytic reactions. The quantified kcat/ Km value was found remarkably highest with mutant recombinant enzymes (Y24L), while the efficiency value with wild type (pCON2) was determined as lowest, indicating that the structural modifications in BSH molecules showed higher values. The alterations with the mutant-type enzymes F18L and Y24L resulted in decreasing kcat/Km and increasing Ea estimations of the hydrolysis conversion reactions.Öğe Growth modelling of saccharomyces cerevisiae and simulation of pyrite ash X-ray diffraction patterns(Hrvatsko Drustvo Kemjijskih Inzenjera I Tehnologa, 2022) Ermurat, YakupSaccharomyces cerevisiae was incubated in media comprising pyrite ash for growth modelling studies, and the samples of pyrite ash were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to simulate profiles. The sigmoidal modelling curves in 3D growth graphs were presented alongside numerical error computations and graphs. Simulation of XRD spectra of the pyrite ash using diffraction profiling functions were conducted for designing a combined experimental process. The von Bertalanffy growth model function yielded the lowest relative error value of 11.56 %, and the exponential model estimation produced the low numerical error percentages as Euler's error of 4.8 %, and Heun's error of 5.36 %. Gaussian and lorentzian approximations were applied to shape the data of the XRD profiles of sulphur-containing samples, and well-described graph simulations were obtained using the Gaussian estimation.Öğe Nutrition Design Modeling Method Development for Structural Analysis and Formulation Modeling of Giresun Hazelnut Using Field Emission Gun – Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM)(2024) Ermurat, YakupThe structure analysis and composition modeling of Giresun hazelnuts were first time investigated to develop a nutrition design modeling method using the Field Emission Gun – Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM). Texture analysis of the hazelnut has shown cube-like oily surface, non- fibrous non-porous spreading structure, and particularly high elemental value of carbon (44.92%) and oxygen (45.562%), and P (1.22%), K (1.21%), Cl (7.09%) mineral elements stating that the Giresun hazelnut is oily spreading structure model, and natural oil carbohydrate and mineral models. The Giresun hazelnut was determined to be suitable for finely grinding to produce hazelnut flour and production of hazelnut nutrition assortments. The Giresun hazelnut was ground with water to produce white colored homogenized nonclotting vegetable type hazelnut milk with hazelnut aroma without additives.Öğe NUTRITION DESIGN MODELING METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR STRUCTURAL AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BERTİZ GRAPE PEKMEZ USING FIELD EMISSION GUN – SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (FEG-SEM)(2023) Ermurat, YakupBertiz kabarcık (buble) grape pekmez nutrition design modeling method development was studied by structure analysis and composition modeling using the Field Emission Gun – Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM). A uniform static, soil-mineral like and non-crystal solid surface was detected in pekmez sample structural images. The high value of carbon (69.89%), oxygen (28.14%), phosphorus (0.69%) and potassium (1.28%) peak patterns indicated that the pekmez is a sugar and mineral composition model. Deficiency of purification and clarification were presented in the pekmez samples produced by traditional way, and less pure and clear pekmez product was detected in the structural images. However, the liquid concentrated form of these grape samples completely dissolved at room temperature. Pekmez soft drinks; Pekmez Cola including caffeine, Pekmez Gazoz with no additives and Pekmez Limon comprising lemon flavor were prepared using the carbonated pekmez solutions without any sugar additives.Öğe Phenomenal simulation modelling of X-ray diffraction patterns of pyrite ash bioprocessed in acetobacter aceti contained media(Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 2021) Ermurat, YakupPhenomenal profiling functions were applied for the simulation of an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of pyrite ash bioprocessed in Acetobacter aced contained growth media. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) values were estimated for each pattern of pyrite ash, and the Bragg equation was used to determine the atomic layer spacing, as well crystallite size and strain broadening were accomplished by applications of Scherrer and Williamson-Hall equations. Errors in line broadening were correlated with the FWHM equations of the generalised profiling functions, and the microstrain (epsilon) was estimated with the relation between the integral breadth (beta(i)) and cos theta. Furthermore, the XRD pattern of a discrete peak was 3D simulated using Gaussian, Lorentzian, Pearson VII, pseudo-Voigt, and Voigt functions. The Gaussian function with a round top peak was designated the most suitable profile simulation by offering the maximum peak height, I-max and tails comparable to the experimental peak.Öğe Yeniden birleştirilmiş proteinlerin proteaz kullanılmadan saflaştırılmasında intein aracılı ayırma süreçlerinin incelenmesi üzerine bir derleme(2017) Ermurat, YakupBu derleme çalışmasında, yeniden birleştirilmiş proteinlerin proteaz kullanılmadan saflaştırılması süreçlerinde yararlanılan inteinlerin ayrılma etkinliklerinin artırılması için inteinler ve hedef proteinler üzerinde yapılmış araştırmalar incelenmiştir. İntein kullanımı ile protein ayrışması üzerinde yapılan araştırmalar, intein ve protein saflaştırma süreçlerinin daha verimli hale getirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. In vivo ve in vitro olarak gerçekleşen süreçlerde, intein ve hedef protein içeren poliklonal Polimeraz Zincir Tepkimesi (PZT) ürününün çoğaltılması ve ekspres plazmidlerin kopyalanan suşlara taşınması işlemleri yapılmaktadır. İnteinin proteinden ayrılma etkinliği ve ayrılma oranı sabiti kinetikleri, değişik pH, sıcaklık ve süzme sürelerinde belirlenmekte ve hedef proteinlere ilişkili olarak karşılaştırılmaları yapılmaktadır. Araştırmalarda değişik doğal ve yapay inteinlerin protein ayrıştırma etkinlikleri incelenmiş ve yapay Nostoc punctiforme (Npu) DnaE C-inteinlerinin ayrışma etkinliklerinin en yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalar amino asit eklenmesine daha yatkın olması nedeniyle Cinteinler üzerinde yoğunlaşmaktadır.
