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    Determining the effects of sewage sludge and rhizobium inoculation on nutrient and heavy metal content of lentil (lens culinaris medic.)
    (Corvinus Univ Budapest, 2019) Çığ, Fatih; Erman, Murat; Sönmez, Ferit
    This study investigates the effects of increasing doses of sewage sludge with Rhizobium inoculation on lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) straw and grain macro, micro and heavy metal contents in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 growing seasons. Experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. At the end of the study, it was seen that Rhizobium inoculation affects the N, Mg, and Pb contents of the lentil straw on by P<0.05, P and Ca contents by P<0.01 in the first year; the N, Fe, and Zn contents on P<0.05 level, on the Pb content P<0.01 level in the second year. Lentil grains were affected only on the K, Fe, Pb, and Cd contents by P<0.05. Sewage sludge applications were used to detect the effects on the N, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu contents of the lentil straw by P<0.01, Co content by P<0.05, and Pb content by P<0.01 in first year; on the N, K, Zn and Pb contents by P<0.01, P and Mn contents by P<0.01, on the Mg, Fe, Cu, and Co contents by P<0.05 in the second year. Effects received by the lentil grains are as follows: The N, K, and Cu contents by P<0.01, on the Pb, Fe, P, and Mg contents by P<0.01, on the Ca and Zn contents by P<0.05 in the first year; on the P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Co contents by P<0.01, on the Pb content by P<0.05 in the second year. The effects of inoculation on the lentil straw and grain, regarding the nutrient and heavy metal contents were determined to be insignificant. This result may be a result of weak inoculation application and the heavy metal content of the sewage sludge, as well as the negative effects of Rhizobium inoculation.
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    Diversity and metabolic potential of culturable N2-fixing and P-solubilising bacteria from rhizosphere of wild CROPS in Van Lake Basin -Turkey
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2024) Erman, Murat; Kotan, Recep; Çakmakçı, Ramazan; Çığ, Fatih; Karagöz, Kenan; Sönmez, Ferit; EL Sabagh, Ayman
    The diversity of phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen -fixing bacteria from rhizospheric soil samples of different plant species (native wild cereals, beet, stonecrops, onion, rose, raspberry, and 10 other plant genera) grown at four different locations in the Van Lake Basin, Turkey were investigated. A total of 169 rhizosperic soil samples were gathered from these plant species, and over 777 rhizoplane bacteria were haphazardly selected from agar -solidified trypticase soy broth and examined for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) reports. As a result, 57 bacterial genera were recognised, which 64.8% gone to five genera viz., Bacillus (29.6%), Pseudomonas (9.8%), Stenotrophomonas (9.7%), Paenibacillus (5.7%), Micrococcus (5.1%), and Arthrobacter (4.9%). Approximately 56.8% of bacteria were found to be gram -positive (GPB), while 43.2% as gram -negative bacteria (GNB). In the of total GPB, 56.3% were N2 -fixing bacteria and 46.6% were P-solubilising bacteria, while in the case of GNB, 43.7% were N2 -fixing bacteria and 53.4% were P-solubilising bacteria. A total of 651 bacteria were isolated from the rhizospheric samples of the 20 plant genera, and subjected to further analysis. Of the 651 isolates, 542 were able to fix nitrogen, 279 were able to solubilize phosphates, and 247 isolates could fix both nitrogen and solubilize phosphates all at once. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Paenibacillus, Micrococcus, Serratia, and Pantoea genera were the most prominent N2 -fixing and P-solubilising groups. Additionally, B. megaterium, B. atrophaeus, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, Pb. polymyxa, Pb. macerans, Pb. macquariensis, Bb. choshinensis, Ste. maltophilia, Ps. fluorescens, Ps. putida, Ps. stutzeri, Pn. agglomerans, Mic. luteus, Rco. erythropolis, Kocuria rosea, Csb. Meningosepticum, and Serratia fonticola were the mainly frequent P-solubilising and N2 -fixing species in the native rhizosphere soils of plants.
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    Effect of Phosphorus and Molybdenum Applications on Macro and Micro Nutrient Content of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Straw and Grain
    (2024) Erman, Murat; Çiğ, Fatih; Sönmez, Ferit; Ceritoglu, Mustafa
    The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of phosphorus and molybdenum treatment on macro and micronutrient biofortification in bean. The study sheds light on the individual and interactive effects of phosphorus and molybdenum on macro and micronutrient uptake and biofortification in Phaseolus vulgaris. Three levels of phosphorus and molybdenum were used in the experiment laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. Phosphorus and molybdenum treatment promoted nitrogen accumulation in both straw and seed. Nitrogen content increased with rising phosphorus doses in straw and seed over control by 42.3% and 7.4%, respectively. Moreover, phosphorus addition increased straw manganese content while molybdenum enhanced straw manganese. In addition, 4 g Mo kg-1/seed treatment boosted seed magnesium concentration over control by 28.2%, however, no phosphorus, potassium, copper, iron, and zinc in the plant materials, likely due to the sufficient levels of these nutrients in the soil composition of the experimental area. According to results, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, zinc varied in straw and seed between 3.15-7.05% and 17.5-19.2%, 586-990 ppm and 1049-1355 ppm, 695-2690 ppm and 1021-1727 ppm, 5839-11162 ppm and 559-1303 ppm, 690-1474 ppm and 348-1036 ppm, 25.3-38.3 ppm and 8.29-9.29 ppm, 8.6-16.9 ppm and 11.3-19.9 ppm, 469-927 ppm and 70.2-80.3 ppm, 6.5-10.8 ppm and 17.9-23.3 ppm, respectively. Consequently, it has been determined that molybdenum supplementation is necessary along with phosphorus fertilization in areas where beans are grown, especially in acidic soils.
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    Sheep manure and sewage sludge boost biofortification of barley and restricts heavy metal accumulation in plant tissues
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Erman, Murat; Cig, Fatih; Sonmez, Ferit; Ceritoglu, Mustafa
    In recent centuries, micronutrient deficiencies are considered a major challenge for human health. Biofortification of principal crops has been broadly accepted as a sustainable scenario to overcome this limitation. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons. Four fertilizers and two doses of humic acid were used in the experiment. Analysis of variance indicated that humic acid, fertilizer type, and growing season caused statistically significant differences in macro and micronutrient content and heavy metal concentrations of shoot and seed in plants. Results also denoted that organic material amendment improved macro and micronutrient content of barley plants compared with IF in which SS treatment increased Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Ni concentrations in shoot/seed while SM treatment enhanced N, P, and K concentration of plants. Moreover, IF-treated plants increased heavy metal accumulation in shoot and seed tissues whereas organic amendments reduced heavy metal uptake such that the lowest Pb and Cd were determined in SM-treated plants, and the lowest Ni content was measured in W-treated samples. HA application promoted Zn, Mg, and Cu accumulation in plants, however, individual or combined with fertilizers reduced other micro and macronutrient uptake. In conclusion, the amendment of 40 tons ha-1 of sheep manure and sewage sludge is an improving and beneficial practice in barley cultivation for the biofortification of crops. However, HA treatment did not form a meaningful whole in the experiment but promoted Zn, Mg, and Cu concentrations in plant tissues.