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Öğe Agromorphological, yield and quality characteristics of two populations of alfalfa developed by mass selection(Univ Federal Santa Maria, 2023) Ünal, Sabahaddin; Mutlu, Ziya; Efe, BernaThis study was designed to test the two alfalfa advanced populations (L-1737 and L-1738) with four control cultivars (Bilensoy-80, Gozlu, Savas and Plato) for agromorphological, yield and quality properties under irrigated conditions in two various locations in Ankara, Turkey in the years of 2013, 2014, and 2015. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences in plant height and stem diameter as well as stem number among the study materials. Statistically significant differences were observed for green forage yield (P < 0.05), while not in dry matter yield among the study materials. The average green forage and dry matter yields were reported as 67.0 t ha(-1) and 13. 0 t ha(-1), respectively. Green forage and dry matter yields in the advanced populations of L-1737 and L-1738 were 69.2 and 67.4 t ha(-1); 13.7 and 13.6 t ha(-1), respectively. Those yield values were 6.5 and 3.7%; 4.3 and 3.4% higher in green forage and dry matter yields of the advanced populations of L-1737 and L-1738 compared to the control cultivar Bilensoy-80, respectively. These increases in green forage and dry matter yields were due to the effect of the mass selection method. Statistically significant differences were observed for acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and relative feeding value among the study materials, except crude protein contents. It was concluded that the two advanced populations had good adaptation ability, high yield and good quality performance under irrigated conditions and could be used as commercial cultivars.Öğe Assessment of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn.) populations for the agro-morphological and the quality traits under semiarid condition(Natl Agricultural Research & Development Inst, 2023) Ünal, Sabahaddin; Mutlu, Ziya; Efe, BernaCrested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum L. (Gaertn.)] is high adaptability to semiarid and arid regions, and also has good forage quality and palatability. The required new varieties have been improved by effective breeding programs for hay production and rangeland revegetation in arid and semi-arid conditions. The objectives of this study were to identify the agro-morphological and quality traits of the three advanced populations and the control population in crested wheatgrass. The advanced population G-465 was 7.68 and 1.92 t ha-1 in overall averages of fresh forage and hay yields, respectively. According to these values, it is seen that the G-465 advanced population is 5.93, and 6.07% higher than the control population in terms of both fresh forage and hay yields, respectively. Besides, no significant differences seemed among the study populations in crude protein content and relative feed value in 2015 and two-year averages. Consequently, the G-465 advanced population was good performance under semiarid conditions and it is advisable for similar circumstances. For identifying yield-related traits, correlation analysis was performed and high correlation coefficients occurred between fresh forage yield with stem diameter (0.474**), internode length (0.469**), flag leaf length (0.761**), and flag leaf width (0.711**). In light of these data, these traits should be taken into account in the selection of phenotypic plants. Moreover, cluster analysis was also done and its results showed that high similarity levels occurred between fresh forage yield and flag leaf length (88.06%), and between plant height and internode length (78.73%).Öğe ASSESSMENT OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn.) POPULATIONS FOR THE AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND THE QUALITY TRAITS UNDER SEMIARID CONDITION(National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 2023) Ünal, Sabahaddin; Mutlu, Ziya; Efe, BernaCrested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum L. (Gaertn.)] is high adaptability to semiarid and arid regions, and also has good forage quality and palatability. The required new varieties have been improved by effective breeding programs for hay production and rangeland revegetation in arid and semi-arid conditions. The objectives of this study were to identify the agro-morphological and quality traits of the three advanced populations and the control population in crested wheatgrass. The advanced population G-465 was 7.68 and 1.92 t ha-1 in overall averages of fresh forage and hay yields, respectively. According to these values, it is seen that the G-465 advanced population is 5.93, and 6.07% higher than the control population in terms of both fresh forage and hay yields, respectively. Besides, no significant differences seemed among the study populations in crude protein content and relative feed value in 2015 and two-year averages. Consequently, the G-465 advanced population was good performance under semiarid conditions and it is advisable for similar circumstances. For identifying yield-related traits, correlation analysis was performed and high correlation coefficients occurred between fresh forage yield with stem diameter (0.474**), internode length (0.469**), flag leaf length (0.761**), and flag leaf width (0.711**). In light of these data, these traits should be taken into account in the selection of phenotypic plants. Moreover, cluster analysis was also done and its results showed that high similarity levels occurred between fresh forage yield and flag leaf length (88.06%), and between plant height and internode length (78.73%). © 2023, National Agricultural Research and Development Institute. All rights reserved.Öğe DIFFERENT APPROACHES FOR VEGETATION ASSESSMENT OF RANGELANDS IN THE SEMIARID CONDITIONS OF TURKEY(2020) Ünal, Sabahaddin; Efe, BernaRangeland vegetation gives valuable information for the status and dynamics of rangeland. Present knowledge’s are finely assessed and based on future action program. Moreover, rangeland rehabilitation and management are formed with past and current rangeland trend. The existing plant species and rangeland uses provide to produce ecological interpretations. Therefore, enough information is possessed for current rangeland vegetation and tendency. The descriptive information was assessed with multivariate analysis to make ecological interpretations for one village rangeland of Akçakavak/Kırıkkale province in Turkey. A modified wheel point method was applied for field work in 20 sites of Akçakavak in 2008. Principle component analysis (PCA) with four axis explained 59.02% of the variance of species data and species-environment relationship in Akçakavak. In Akçakavak, yield and altitude had a close relationship, but there becomes adverse relationship between yield and other some environmental variables such as bare ground, slope and distance. As a result, there obviously appears adverse relation between yield and bare ground, but the relation among other factors may be variable owing to various environmental factors.Öğe Macar Fiğinde (Vicia pannonica Crantz) Ot Verimi ve Kalite Açısından Uygun Hasat Zamanının Belirlenmesi(2024) Mutlu, Ziya; Ünal, Sabahaddin; Efe, BernaYarı–kurak bölgelerde ekim nöbetinde ot üretimi amaçlı Macar fiğinin yer alması oldukça önemlidir. Ancak kendinden sonra gelecek tahılların verimini fazla etkilememesi için tarlayı erken terk etmesi gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, Macar fiği 1) çiçeklenme başlangıcı, 2) % 50 çiçeklenme, 3) tam çiçeklenme, 4) alt baklalardaki tanelerin tam şeklini aldığı dönemlerde biçilerek verim, kalite ve ekim nöbeti açısından en uygun biçim zamanının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma, Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Gölbaşı/İkizce lokasyonunda 2010-2011, 2011-2012 ve 2012-2013 yetiştirme sezonlarında, Macar fiği Tarm Beyazı-98 (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) çeşidinde tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde dört tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada gelişme durumu, biçim gün sayısı, ana sap uzunluğu, doğal bitki boyu, ana sap kalınlığı, ana sap sayısı, yeşil ve kuru ot verimi, ham protein oranı, ham protein verimi, asit deterjan lif ve nötr deterjan lif oranı, sindirilebilir kuru madde oranı, nispi yem değeri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, biçim zamanlarında en düşük ve en yüksek biçim gün sayısı 210.7- 236.7 gün, ana sap uzunluğu 39.3- 65.6 cm, arasında tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek yeşil ot ve kuru ot verimi 1858.6 kg da-1, 331.2 kg da-1 ile tam çiçeklenme döneminde alınmıştır. Ham protein oranı çiçeklenme başlangıcında %19.2 iken, dönem boyunca azalarak, bakla bağlama döneminde % 15.6 olmuştur. Nisbi yem değerinde de benzeri bir azalış görülmüş, biçim dönemleri içerisinde 116.9’dan 100.7’ e inmiştir. Bu araştırma sonucunda, Macar fiği bitkisinin %50 çiçeklenme döneminde biçilmesinin hem verim ve kalite ve hem de tarlanın erken boşaltılması açısından uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.Öğe Morphological, agronomic, and quality properties of the two developed populations of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under non-irrigated conditions of semiarid regions(Soc Field Crop Sci, 2023) Ünal, Sabahaddin; Efe, Berna; Mutlu, Ziya; Işık, Şaban; Mintaş, Hacer; Oral, Hülya HanoğluAlfalfa is the most important forage crop in Turkey, but no alfalfa cultivar has been developed for non-irrigated conditions in the semiarid regions of Turkey. Hence, new cultivars are needed for using in rangeland improvement, artificial pasture establishment, and hay production. The two populations (L-533, and L-1739) were compared with the three control cultivars of alfalfa (Bilensoy-80, Savas and Kayseri) in two various regions of Turkey during two years. The general results showed that there were significant differences in the plant height, but no differences in stem diameter, and stem numbers among the studied genotypes. According to combined analysis results, the L-533 and Kayseri had the highest green and hay yields, but the Savas cultivar had the lowest. Moreover, as compared to the Bilensoy-80 cultivar, the L-533 and L-1739 populations produced higher green forage yields of 22.27 and 11.57%, respectively. Also, the same increase in hay yield was 18.30% and 10.13%, respectively. Excluding crude protein contents, there were statistical differences between genotypes for the acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and digestible dry matter yield. Moreover, higher crude protein content and digestible dry matter yield were obtained from the L-533 and L-1739, but the L-533 had also the lowest neutral detergent fiber content relative to the other population, and cultivars. The results of the current study have demonstrated that the L-533, and L-1739 had high adaptation capability, yields, and quality performance under dryland conditions of a semi-arid region and could be used as commercial cultivars.Öğe VARIOUS SCARIFICATION METHODS FOR REDUCING OF HARD SEED IN CICER MILKVETCH (Astragalus cicer)(2020) Efe, Berna; Ünal, SabahaddinCicer Milkvetch is a legume forage crop having long life- perennial, resistance to cold, non-bloat for animals. The establishment of legume forage crops is very difficult. One of the major constraints in successful stand establishment of forage legumes is hard seed. This trait inhibits and delays the emergence of plant seedling. It leads poor plant growth and low weed competition moreover it causes low yield and poor quality of herbage. For this reason, detecting and knowing of hard seed rates of plant species for sowing rate, uniform emergence and perfect stand establishment are significant. Various methods are used for identifying this rate. In this study, the effects of various scarification methods on hard seed in Cicer Milkvetch were investigated. This test in completely randomized plot design in Lutana variety with four replications was conducted in the department of forage crops and meadow-rangeland in the Central Research Institute for Field Crops in 2018. Treatments are counted following as treatment 1 (heat 1), treatment 2 (heat 2), treatment 3 (freeze-thaw), treatment 4 (mechanical method), treatment 5 (heat 1 + mechanical method), treatment 6 (heat 2 + mechanical method), treatment 7 (freeze-thaw + mechanical method) and treatment 8 (control). When evaluated study results, treatment 3 (57.2%) and treatment 7 (61.6%) negatively effected for seed germination rate and caused a significant decrease in seed germination rate compared to control (81.7%). Other 5 treatments reasoned positively effect on germination seed rate and led an increase in that. The highest germination rate was obtained from treatment 1 (97.0%) and after that treatment 6 (90.0%) was followed it. As a result, mechanical method and heat treatment or combinations of both may be advised to reduce hard seed impact in Cicer Milkvetch.
