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    Comparison of World Health Organization 2000/2004 and World Health Organization 2010 classifications for gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2015) Paşaoğlu, Esra; Dursun, Nevra; Özyalvaçlı, Gülzade; Hacıhasanoğlu, Ezgi; Behzatoğlu, Kemal
    Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) were divided into 4 groups based on tumor diameter and stage in World Health Organization (WHO) 2000/2004 classification as well-differentiated endocrine tumor benign (WDETB), well-differentiated endocrine tumor with uncertain behavior (WDETUB), well-differentiated endocrine carcinoma (WDEC), and poorly differentiated endocrine carcinoma (PDEC). World Health Organization 2000/2004 was not widely accepted because of stage-related classification and the category of "uncertain behavior." The European NET Society proposed a grading classification and site-specific staging system in 2010. Gastroenteropancreatic NETs were divided into 3 groups as NET grade 1 (G1), NET grade 2 (G2), and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) grade 3 (G3) based on mitoses and the Ki-67 index. We evaluated 63 GEPNET cases according to both classifications. We compared two classifications and the tumor groups in terms of prognostic parameters (diameter, mitosis, Ki-67 index, angioinvasion, perineural invasion, necrosis, and metastasis) and pathologic stage. All 14 cases diagnosed as PDEC were included in the NEC G3 according to WHO 2010. Seventeen cases were diagnosed as WDETB, 9 as WDETUB, and 23 as WDEC. There was statistically significant difference between these groups in terms of all prognostic parameters except for necrosis, mitosis, Ki-67 index, and grade. All WDETB cases, 89% of WDETUBs, and 87% of WDECs were included in the NET G1. There were 45 cases evaluated as NET G1 and 4 cases as NET G2 according to WHO 2010. Metastasis and perineural invasion were more common in NET G2, no significant differences in other parameters. In conclusion, WHO 2010 is easier to use, whereas WHO 2000/2004 shows higher correlation with prognosis. However, it includes benign and uncertain behavior categories, although small tumors with low proliferative activity can also cause metastases. All GEPNETs should be considered potentially malignant (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    The effects of local and systemic administration of proline on wound healing in rats
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2019) Aydın, Hüsnü; Tatar, Cihad; Savaş, Osman Anıl; Karşıdağ, Tamer; Özer, Bahri; Dursun, Nevra; Bekem, Aylin
    Purpose: Wound healing consists of a sequence of complex molecular and cellular events. Collagen is composed mainly of proline and hydroxyproline. Proline and hydroxyproline constitute 1/3 of the amino acids in collagen, which makes up approximately 30% of the proteins within the body. The hydroxylation of proline found in collagen determines the stability of the triple helical structure of collagen. In this study, we examined the effects of local and systemic administration of proline on wound healing. Materials and Methods: 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study and divided into three groups. Group 1: The defect created in the backs of the subjects was left to secondary healing. Group 2: 200 mu l proline per day was administered topically for 30 days on the defect in the backs of the subjects. Group 3: 200 mu l per day was administered intraperitoneally for 30 days on the defect in the backs of the subjects. Results: On day 21, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean re-epithelialization score. On days 7 and 14, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean granulation score. On days 7, 14, and 21, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean collagen accumulation score. On day 30, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups 1 and 3 in terms of the mean E-mode score on mechanical tensile test. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that proline has positive effects on wound healing. However, it revealed that systemic administration of proline is more effective than local administration of proline.