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    Comparative diversity of Heteroptera (Hemiptera) in fruit orchards
    (Scientific and Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Kaçar, Gülay; Dursun, Ahmet
    Among phytophagous insects, the Heteroptera (Hemiptera), true bugs, are economically important because of damage crops by sucking plant organs and by transmitting plant pathogens. The diversity and distribution of Heteroptera species associated with fruits were investigated in hazelnut, cherry, and apple orchards in the crop season of Bolu and D??zce provinces from May 2015 to October 2016. The species were collected with a Steiner funnel from three fruit varieties from two provinces and for each area at different vegetation in the western Black Sea Region. The highest number of sucking bug species and the greatest diversity occurred on hazelnut. A total of 48 species belong to 12 families. 16 Miridae, 14 Pentatomidae, 5 Lygaeidae, 3 Ropalidae, 2 Coreidae, 2 Pyrrhocoridae, and 1 Anthocoridae, Cydnidae, Nabidae, Rhyparochromidae, Scutelleridae, and Stenocephalidae species were recorded at the two areas from three fruit varieties. Among them, 27 species were recorded from hazelnut, 22 from cherry, and 19 from apple orchards. Pentatomid family was the most dominant (61%) in both studied areas, with a higher abundance of Miridae (21%) in the number of species. The species Palomena prasina (Linnaeus, 1761) (17%) and Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) (16%) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) stood out for their abundance relevance during both years. The most economically significant pests were P. prasina, N. viridula, and A. amygdali from the Pentatomidae family, which feed on hazelnut, apple, and cherry, respectively. The values of the Margalef diversity index showed minor differences between fruit varieties: it was highest in cheerier than both other fruit varieties. The Shannon-Weaner diversity index varied between 2.58 and 4.85. The maximum species diversity was recorded in hazelnut, whereas the minimum level was observed in apples.
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    Survey and abundance of suborder Heteroptera: pest and beneficial species in olive groves of Turkey
    (Egyptian Soc Biological Control Pests, 2015) Kaçar, Gülay; Dursun, Ahmet
    Heteroptera suborder contains many phytophagous or predatory important species. A study was conducted in olive groves to reveal the distribution and abundance of pest and beneficial species of Heteroptera. Samples of Heteroptera were collected from olive groves of Adana, Hatay, Gaziantep, Kahramanmaras, Kilis, Mersin and Osmaniye, provinces in Turkey from 2008 to 2010. A total of 1268 specimens of Heteroptera were collected. The specimens recorded belonged to families; Miridae (601), Anthocoridae (278), Lygaeidae (181) and Pentatomidae (134). They included 99 species in 12 families and 70 genera. The families were Anthocoridae (6), Coreidae (4), Cydnidae (2), Lygaeidae (25), Miridae (25), Nabidae (3), Pentatomidae (18), Pyrrhocoridae (2), Reduviidae (1), Rhopalidae (6), Scutelleridae (2) and Tingidae (5). The most abundant species were Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius) (17%), Brachynotocoris cyprius Wagner (16%) and Europiella alpina (Reuter) (10%). Among those, seven phytophagous species were olive pests plus 16 predators. Closterotomus trivialis (A. Costa) (Miridae) was recorded as an important pest on olive trees, but it wasn't found widespread in the surveying provinces.