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    Associations of social anxiety and depression with cognitions related to problematic internet use in youths
    (2013) Durak, Mithat; Durak, Emre Şenol
    Psikopatolojinin varlığının (örneğin depresyon ve kaygı), sorunlu İnternet kullanımına yatkınlığı arttırdığı ortaya konmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşım çerçevesinde sosyal kaygının ve depresyonun sorunlu İnternet kullanımı ile ilgili bilişler üzerindeki etkisini gençler üzerinde araştırmaktır. Çalışmaya, 18-25 yaş aralığındaki 448 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Sosyal kaygının ve depresyonun etkisinin yanı sıra sosyodemografik değişkenlerin (yaş, cinsiyet, ikamet türü ve aylık gelir), romantik bir ilişkiye sahip olmanın ve Internet başında geçirilen zamanın sorunlu İnternet kullanımı ile ilgili bilişler üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak amacıyla çoklu hiyerarşik regresyon analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, cinsiyetin (erkek olmanın) ve İnternet başında geçirilen zamanın sorunlu Internet kullanımı ile ilgili bilişler üzerindeki etkisinin anlamlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte romantik bir ilişkiye sahip olmanın sorunlu İnternet kullanımı ile ilgili bilişler üzerindeki etkisi anlamsızdır. Korku-kaygı ve depresyon, sorunlu İnternet kullanımı ile ilgili bilişler ile pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte kaçınmanın sorunlu İnternet kullanımı ile ilgili bilişler üzerindeki etkisi anlamsızdır. Sosyal kaygının ve depresyonun sorunlu İnternet kullanımı ile ilgili bilişler üzerindeki rollerinin araştırılmış olması, ileride bu alanda yapılacak araştırmalara katkı sağlayacaktır.
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    Cognitions about problematic internet use: the importance of negative cognitive stress appraisals and maladaptive coping strategies
    (Springer, 2017) Durak, Emre Şenol; Durak, Mithat
    The effects of cognitive appraisals of stress and coping strategies on cognitions about problematic Internet use have not been studied together in the literature. The Lazarus's cognitive-relational theory is selected as the theoretical framework to further our understanding of problematic Internet use. The aim of the present study is to examine the mediator roles of uncontrollability appraisals of stress and maladaptive coping strategies on threat appraisals of stress and cognitions about problematic Internet use. The roles of negative stress appraisals and maladaptive coping strategies on the cognitions about problematic Internet Use are determined by using structural equation modeling (SEM) in a sample of 549 Turkish university students. The results reveal that by playing a mediator role, both escape-avoidance and accepting responsibility maladaptive coping strategies were found to be related with uncontrollability and hence indirectly influenced the relationship between threat appraisal and cognitions about problematic Internet use. Examining the role of the negative stress appraisals and maladaptive coping strategies will provide a new starting point for further research.
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    Country indicators moderating the relationship between phubbing and psychological distress: A study in 20 countries
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2021) Błachnio, Agata; Przepiórka, Aneta; Gorbaniuk, Oleg; McNeill, Monika; Bendayan, Rebecca; Durak, Mithat; Durak, Emre Şenol
    Problematic mobile phone use can be related to negative mental states. Some studies indicate that behavioural dependency is related to variables associated with the country of origin. The aim of our study was to investigate if country indicators moderated the relationship between phubbing and psychological distress. Our sample consisted of 7,315 individuals from 20 countries, who completed the Phubbing Scale and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). The analyses also included country indicators: the Gender Gap Index (GGI), the Human Development Index (HDI), the Social Progress Index (SPI), Hofstede's dimensions of culture, and the World Happiness Index (WHI). Our results showed that psychological distress was related to at least one dimension of phubbing (i.e., to communication disturbance or phone obsession) in all countries, which means this relationship is culturally universal. The results of the study demonstrate the importance of testing measurement invariance to determine what type of analysis and what type of conclusion are valid in a given study or comparison. Moreover, the increasing or decreasing correlation between phubbing and distress is related to some culture-level indices.
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    Cultural correlates of Internet addiction
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2019) Blachnio, Agata; Przepiorka, Aneta; Gorbaniuk, Oleg; Benvenuti, Martina; Ciobanu, Adela Magdalena; Durak, Emre Şenol; Durak, Mithat
    Increasing problems connected with excessive Internet use can be observed all over the world. Internet addiction is defined as excessive involvement in the Internet with negative consequences. The main aim of the study was to investigate economic indicators as correlates of Internet addiction. The study was conducted in nine countries. The number of participants amounted to a total of 3,279 Internet users (54% were female), with a mean age of M = 25.14 (SD = 10.03). The authors used Young's Internet Addiction Test. In addition, some social and economic indicators characterizing the countries were taken into consideration. We found that Internet addiction was positively related to economic well-being, social progress, and human development as well as negatively related to human well-being, health, safety, and security. The results of the study contribute to the international debate on Internet addiction.
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    Development of work stress scale for correctional officers
    (Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2006) Durak, Emre Şenol; Durak, Mithat; Gençöz, Tülin
    Introduction: This study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of Work Stress Scale for Correctional Officers (WSSCO). Methods: One hundred nineteen correctional officers (109 males and 10 females) employed in Turkey participated in this study. In addition to WSSCO, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were administered to the participants. Results: The internal consistencies and the item-total correlations were acceptable both for the whole scale and for its subscales; namely, "work overload," "role conflict and role ambiguity," "inadequacies in physical conditions of prison," "threat perception," and "general problems." Test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.77 for total scale, and test-retest reliability coefficients ranged between 0.68 and 0.78 for the subscales. The total scale and most of the subscales were positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and hopelessness, and negatively correlated with perceived social support. Furthermore, all subscales significantly differentiated high depressive symptomatology group from the low depressive symptomatology group. Conclusions: The present results revealed that the psychometric properties of WSSCO were quite adequate. The scale can provide a potentially useful tool for research on job stress in correctional officers.
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    Diyabet tanısı alan hastalarda strese bağlı gelişimle ilgili değişkenlerin yapısal eşitlik modeli ile test edilmesi
    (2011) Durak, Emre Şenol; Durak, Mithat; Irkin, Özlem Bozo; Kiliçli, Mehmet Fatih; Elagöz, Feride Özlem
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    Editorial: Post-traumatic growth
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Durak, Emre Şenol; Di Tella, Marialaura; Romeo, Annunziata
    Studies on traumatic events have mainly focused on their unfavorable effects, like posttraumatic stress disorder. On the other hand, traumatic encounters that shatter people’s presumptions can result in positive experiences.
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    The factors associated with life satisfaction and depression among older adults suffering forced migration
    (Masters Int Consultancy Res Publ, Mirdec, 2018) Durak, Mithat; Durak, Emre Şenol; Şakiroğlu, Mehmet
    The enduring effects of trauma especially among older adults are not adequately examined. Aim of the present study is to scrutinize factors associated with life satisfaction and depression among older adults suffering forced migration. The role of trauma related variables (i.e. loss during deportation), and postmigration related variables (i.e. citizenship, economical problems) on life satisfaction and depression are examined. The sample composed of 384 participants, 165 women (43%) and 219 men (57%). Participants completed questionnaire about trauma related variables (i.e. loss during deportation), post-migration status (i.e, citizenship, economical problems). Satisfaction with Life Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form. Women participants, participants who do not have serious medical problems and having sufficient monthly income had higher scores of life satisfaction. Participants having loss of any relatives during forced migration had lower life-satisfaction than their counterparts. Regarding trauma related variables about post forced migration, women participants, participants not having citizenship, participants not having sufficient monthly income and participants having serious medical health problems had higher depression scores than their counterparts. Also, participants having experienced 1944 deportation and having loss of any relatives had higher depression than their counterparts. The obtained results are discussed together with relevant literature.
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    Film Analizi Yönetimi ile Virginia Satir Aile Terapisi Yaklaşımına Bir Bakış
    (2007) Durak, Emre Şenol
    Aile terapisindeki kadın kuramcılardan ilki olan Virginia Satir, farklı problemlerin tedavisinde etkin bir terapi ortaya koymuştur. Literatürde Satir Aile Terapisinin farklı kültürlerdeki uygulamalarına yönelik çalışmalar olmasına karşın, bu yaklaşımın Türkiye'deki uygulamalarına ilişkin araştırmalar sınırlıdır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın temel hedefini, Satir Aile Terapisinin kuramsal bakış açısını gözden geçirme ve film analizi yöntemini kullanarak kuramın uygulamasını örneklendirme oluşturmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, Satir Aile Terapisinin kuramsal kavramları, terapistin rolü, ailenin değerlendirilmesi, terapinin amacı ve terapide kullanılan teknikler açıklanacak ve \"Annem Uğruna (One True Thing)\" isimli filmin analizi ile açıklanan kavramlar örneklendirilecektir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmanın, Satir Aile Terapisi ile ilgili kuramsal bilgiyi destekleyerek ve bu yaklaşımın uygulamasına örnek oluşturarak alanda çalışan ya da halen eğitimini sürdüren uzmanlara kaynak oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir.
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    Forced migration experience among older adults and its traumatic features
    (Masters Int Consultancy Res Publ, Mirdec, 2018) Durak, Mithat; Durak, Emre Şenol; Şakiroğlu, Mehmet; Faigov, Orkhan
    Forced migration is a disturbing experience that has challenged the lives of individuals. Nevertheless, the longstanding properties of the forced migration have been less examined in the literature. The aim of the research is to explore the nature of traumatic experiences among individuals exposed to forced migration. By considering the phenomenological approach, the common traumatic features among the older adults who have forced migration experiences are investigated. A total of 61 forced migrated victims were included in the present study. Semi-structured interviews analyzed through MAXQDA 12+ program and the data coding process was conducted. The findings reveal that the experience of forced migration does not only involve the elimination of the land, but also the traumatic loss of the loved ones. The findings will be discussed with the literature with some clinical implications.
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    Job satisfaction, and burnout as mediators of trait anger, work stress, positive and negative affect in a sample of Turkish correctional officers
    (ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2021) Durak, Emre Şenol; Durak, Mithat; Gencöz, Tülin
    Studies testing the Person-Environment Fit Theory and the top-down approach in the subjective well-being literature have highlighted a gap in the effect of personal fit variables or traits and their relationships with environmental variables. The current study aims to examine the role of trait anger, stress, and burn-out on job satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect within the framework of Person-Environment Fit Theory and the top-down approach by using structural equation modeling. The study was conducted on 588 Turkish correctional officers working in low-, medium-, or maximum-security prisons. Similar to previous findings, a direct positive relationship was found between trait anger and negative affect. Similarly, work stress, burnout, and job satisfaction were positively and directly associated with each other. Besides, the mediating role of burnout and job satisfaction in the relationship among trait anger, work stress, and negative affect/positive affect was statistically significant. Moreover, the relationship between trait anger and negative affect/positive affect, as well as the relationship between work stress and positive affect, was mediated by burnout, while job satisfaction only mediated the relationship between work stress and positive affect. Implications are presented to improve the subjective well-being of correctional officers.
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    The mediator role of planful problem solving on the relationship between the perceived social support and geriatric depression in the elderly residing at home
    (Oxford Univ Press Inc, 2015) Durak, Mithat; Durak, Emre Şenol; Doğan, Aysun; Özkan, Türker; Alpay, Figen
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    Possible correlates of posttraumatic growth among patients with type II Diabetes
    (2020) Durak, Emre Şenol; Durak, Mithat; Bozo, Özlem
    Diabetes, a chronic illness, affects individuals' lives dramatically. The present study aims to evaluate the role of possible psychosocial variables associated with Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) among outpatients with diabetes with a history of inpatient treatment. Within a theoretical framework of the model of Schaefer and Moos (1998), the roles of perceived social support, self-efficacy, diabetes-related variables, and cognitive processing have been examined by employing structural equation modeling in a sample of outpatients with diabetes having a history of at least one inpatient treatment. A total of 275 diabetic outpatients, 183 women and 92 men, who were treated at least once in a hospital, participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 52.09 ± 9.49 years. Diabetes-related factors mediated the relationship between perceived social support and PTG. Also, cognitive processing mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and PTG. Increasing patients' self-efficacy and facilitating social support networks should be taken into account when designing psychosocial intervention programs in diabetic patients, as the programs with content support high control perception of their health.
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    The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: a revision integrating Existential and Spiritual Change
    (Wiley, 2017) Tedeschi, Richard G.; Cann, Arnie; Taku, Kanako; Durak, Emre Şenol; Calhoun, Lawrence G.
    Spiritual Change (SC) is one of 5 domains of posttraumatic growth (PTG). The current Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) assesses this area of growth with only 2 items, one focusing on religiosity and the other focusing on spiritual understanding. The addition of 4 newly developed spiritual-existential change (SEC) items, creating an expanded PTGI (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-X), reflects a diversity of perspectives on spiritual-existential experiences that are represented in different cultures. Samples were obtained from 3 countries: the United States (n = 250), Turkey (n = 502), and Japan (n = 314). Analyses indicated that the newly added items capture additional experiences of growth outside traditional religious concepts, yet still are correlated with the original SC items, especially in the U. S. and Turkish samples. Relationships of the PTGI-X to established predictors of PTG, event-related rumination, and core beliefs, were as predicted in all 3 countries. The new 6-item SEC factor demonstrated high internal reliability, and the 5-factor structure of the expanded scale was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The resulting 25-item PTGI-X can be used as a validated instrument in a wide range of samples in which traditional religious beliefs are less dominant.
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    Psychological distress and anxiety among housewives: The mediational role of perceived stress, loneliness, and housewife burnout
    (Springer, 2023) Durak, Mithat; Durak, Emre Şenol; Karaköse, Selin
    Housewives are experiencing chronic stress when dealing with multiple roles (cooking, shopping, tidying the house) in their daily life. Although earlier studies have documented a significant link between role overload and stress-psychological well-being in the workplace, few studies have been conducted among housewives despite their high anxiety and burnout reports. The diathesis-stress model and transactional model of stress indicate that there may be somecontributory factors related to mental health. Within these frameworks, this research aimed to examine housewives' psychological distress and anxiety by focusing on three contributory factors namely housewife burnout, perceived stress, and loneliness. The present study was a novel contribution to the literature investigating the mediating roles of those three contributory factors between psychological distress and anxiety among housewives. Participants were 500 volunteer housewives between the ages of 20 and 70 from Turkey. In addition to Demographic Information Form, The Perceived Stress Scales (PSS-10), The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), The UCLA Loneliness Scale-Version 3 (UCLA LS3), The Housewives Burnout Questionnaire (CUBAC), and The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used. Results showed that there were four paths between psychological distress and anxiety in the model, explaining 31.19% of the total variance in anxiety in housewives. The relationship between psychological distress and anxiety was mediated by perceived distress, loneliness, and housewife burnout. Specifically, the higher psychological distress and higher anxiety relationship were associated with higher perceived distress, higher loneliness, and higher housewife burnout. The findings provide beneficial insight for clinicians to prioritize the abandonment of the cope with loneliness, perceived stress, and burnout while working with housewives having psychological distress and anxiety.
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    Psychometric Evaluation of the Turkish Version of the Housewives Burnout Questionnaire (CUBAC)
    (2020) Durak, Emre Şenol; Durak, Mithat
    Considering burnout experience among different individuals, investigating and evaluating burnout are continuing concerns within the literature. In recent years, housewives’ burnout has been examined in the literature. The present aim is to examine the psychometric properties of the Housewives Burnout Questionnaire (CUBAC) with Turkish housewives. By collecting two different data set from Turkish housewives, the study is designed in two phases; pilot study (n= 139) to identify factorial structure, and reliability and validation study (n= 509) to examine factorial structure and validity of the CUBAC. First, in addition to satisfactory internal consistency and item-total correlation coefficients, the factorial structure of the scale was two-dimensional based on Velicer’s minimum average partial correlation, Horn’s parallel analysis, and factor analyses. Second, the two-factor model of the CUBAC (boring and tiring home environment and lack of support) was corroborated by confirmatory factor analysis. Also, the CUBAC statistically significant correlation with conceptually related constructs (perceived stress and satisfaction with life) was significant that demonstrated concurrent validity. Validity and reliability findings were discussed in relevant literature.
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    Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the flourishing scale and the scale of positive and negative experience
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Durak, Emre Şenol; Durak, Mithat
    The Flourishing Scale (FS) and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) are scales that are newly introduced to evaluate well-being. The present study aims to assess the psychometric distinctive features of two scales by utilising two different Turkish samples: university students (n = 320), and employees (n = 180). Confirmatory factor analysis results demonstrate that a one-factor model of the FS and a two-factor model of the SPANE yield significant findings in those samples. Scales' factorial structures are valid for gender groups also they have good internal consistency. Concurrent validity, and discriminant validity with the use of several conceptually related and unrelated measures in two samples reveal satisfactory validity results for both the FS and the SPANE. The results of the present study show the utility of these scales in Turkish culture.
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    PTG and behavioral indices consistency among the survivors of myocardial infarction patients
    (Psychology Press, 2008) Durak, Emre Şenol
    [No Abstract Available]
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    The role of personality traits in Facebook and Internet addictions: a study on Polish, Turkish, and Ukrainian samples
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Blachnio, Agata; Przepiorka, Aneta; Durak, Emre Şenol; Durak, Mithat; Sherstyuk, Lyubko
    Although the relationships between Facebook addiction, Internet addiction and personality have already been investigated. The aim of the present study was to explore whether there were personality traits associated with Facebook addiction and Internet addiction across three different cultures. The participants were 1011 Facebook users from Poland, Turkey, and Ukraine. We administered. the Bergen Face book Addiction Scale, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Ten Item Personality Inventory. We found that in the total sample Facebook addiction was positively associated with Internet addiction, while Internet addiction was negatively associated with emotional stability, conscientiousness, and extraversion. The lack of invariance across the countries indicates that the tested links are not the same in each of them, which may suggest the role of cultural factors in this phenomenon. The results are discussed in the light of Facebook addiction and personality literature. The application of culturally sensitive intervention programs in dealing with Facebook addiction is encouraged. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.