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Öğe Akdeniz tahıl kist nematodu, Heterodera latipons (Franklin)'un biyo-tipleri ile bazı buğday ve arpa çeşitlerinin bu biyo-tipe reaksiyonu(Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, 2018) Duman, Nagihan; İmren, MustafaAkdeniz Tahıl kist nematodu Heterodera latipons (Franklin) Akdeniz havzasında buğday ve arpa üretim alanlarında yaygın olarak bulunan ve ekonomik kayıplara neden olan önemli bir bitki paraziti nematod olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada H. latipons'un biyo-tipleri ile bazı buğday ve arpa genotiplerinin, nematoda karşı reaksiyonları 2016-2018 yılları arasında Mudurnu Süreyya Astarcı Meslek Yüksek Okulu'nda in-vivo koşullarda araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada H. latipons'un Adana, Hatay, Kilis, Gaziantep ve Mardin popülasyonlarına ait biyo-tipleri Uluslararası Konukçu Test Ayrım Hatları kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Nematod çeşit interasiyonu çalışmalarında 21 adet buğday ve 20 adet arpa çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda H. latipons biyo-tipinin Ha1 biyo-tip grubundan Ha41 ile Ha2 biyo-tip grubundan Ha51 sınıfı ile benzerlik göstermekle birlikte daha çok Ha1 biyo-tip grubundan Ha41 sınıfına yakın olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu sonuç ülkemizde H. latipons'un biyo-tipinin belirlenmesine yönelik ilk çalışma olma niteliğindedir. Nematod çeşit reaksiyonu çalışmasında 8 adet buğday çeşidi (Adana 99, İzmir 85, Ziyabey98, Kaklıç 88, Alibey, Troya, Uludağ, Silverstar) ve 6 adet arpa çeşidi (Hilal, Bayrak, Şahin-91, Altikat, Çetin-2000, Silverstar) olmak üzere, nematodun Gaziantep- II popülasyonuna karşı dayanıklı bulunmuştur.Öğe Characterization of cereal cyst nematodes in wheat using morphometrics, SCAR markers, RFLP, and rDNA-ITS sequence analyses(Springer, 2023) Dağlı, Deniz; Duman, Nagihan; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Yıldız, Şenol; Özer, Göksel; Dababat, Abdelfattah; İmren,MustafaIn this study, morphological and molecular characterizations of twenty-four Heterodera populations (cereal cyst nematodes, CCNs) collected from wheat production fields in Turkey were carried out. Light microscopy, species-specific markers, RFLP, and ITS sequencing were used to identify the nematode populations. The obtained CCN populations were identified as Heterodera avenae, H. filipjevi, and H. latipons according to the morphometric analysis, which was confirmed by the molecular techniques. The ITS region sequencing analysis confirmed the species identification, and phylogenetic analysis of this region grouped the populations with representative Heterodera populations from different origin countries deposited in GenBank. The simulation of four restriction enzymes, Alul, PstI, BsuRI (HaeIII), and Rsal, employed the ITS sequences of isolates to discriminate the Turkish Heterodera populations. ITS-RFLP patterns produced by endonuclease enzymes provided variations among Heterodera species. There was no intraspecific variation in populations of each Heterodera species in the ITS-RFLP analyses. The species-specific primers, AvenF-COI/AvenR-COI, HfF/HfR, and H-LatF/H-LatR, yielded 109 bp, 646 bp, and 204 bp products for H. avenae, H. filipjevi, and H. latipons populations, respectively. This is the first research to provide conclusive diagnostic tests for cyst nematode populations isolated from Turkey. These assays provide a sensitive, practical, and quick method for detecting Heterodera species and, therefore, have the potential to be utilized in the early identification of populations and monitoring of infestations without morphometric studies.Öğe Distribution and diversity of cyst nematode (nematoda: heteroderidae) populations in the republic of Azerbaijan, and their molecular characterization using its-rDNA analysis(Organization Trop Amer Nematologists, 2019) Dababat, Abdelfattah Amer; Muminjanov, Hafiz; Orakcı, Gül Erginbaş; Fakhraddin, G. Ahmadova; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Yıldız, Sevilay; Duman, NagihanCereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.) are a significant threat to global cereal production systems and choosing the correct management strategy requires knowledge and identification of various species. We conducted a survey across the main cereal-growing regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2017. Cyst-forming nematodes were detected in 34 samples (44.7%), of which 28 were identified as H. filipjevi or H. avenae using internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-rDNA sequencing. Six populations were unidentifiable to species level and were recorded as belonging to the H avenae group. H. filipjevi was the dominant species, found in 19 samples (25%) from the provinces of Qobustan, Ismailli, Oguz, Sheki, Barda, and Kurdamir. H. avenae was detected in 9 samples (11.8%) across the provinces of Ismailli, Oguz, and Sheki. ITS-rDNA phylogenetic analyses showed that populations of H. filipjevi clustered in one group with two subgroups, all supported by high bootstrap values. Populations of H. avenae also clustered in one group with two subgroups. Genetic dissimilarities were higher within populations of H. filipjevi when compared to populations of H. avenae. The density of many of these cyst populations approached or exceeded the maximum threshold level for economic losses. This is the first report on H. filipjevi and H. avenae in Azerbaijan. The knowledge of cereal cyst nematode presence is extremely important for Azerbaijan's agricultural industry when assessing the occurrence and distribution of soilborne diseases. Management measures to control cereal cyst nematodes should be directed towards breeding for resistant germplasm, crop rotation, and implementing other management practices.Öğe Genetic and pathogenic variation in Heterodera latipons populations from Turkey(Brill, 2021) Dababat, Abdelfattah Amer; İmren, Mustafa; Özer, Göksel; Mokrini, Fouad; Duman, Nagihan; Paulitz, TimothyThe cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera latipons, is an important plant parasite causing substantial yield losses in wheat throughout the world. This study aimed to determine genetic and pathogenic variation in IL latipons populations obtained from the southern part of Turkey. The populations were identified as H. latipons by sequencing the ITS-rDNA region and further sequence analysis showed an intraspecific genetic variation in H. latipons populations. which were clustered into different groups. The International Test Assortment materials were used to determine pathogenic variation (pathotypes) in these populations. The results showed that 'Ortolan'. 'Morocco', 'KVL191'. Tajo Aragon 1-1', 'Herta'. 'Martin 403-T. 'Sun II' and 'Pusa Hybrid Bsi' cultivars were resistant or moderately resistant to the tested nematode populations. 'Emir', 'Dalmatische' and 'Capa' were susceptible to IL latipons populations. The Hatay population of H. latipons was detected as the most virulent nematode population because ten out of 20 cultivars were susceptible or moderately susceptible to this population. The least virulent population was the Kills population, which caused susceptible reaction on six out of all cultivars with different levels. Based on this scheme. the Turkish populations were in the Hal group: the reactions of barley, oats and wheat classified them as either Ha41 or Ha51. Barley 'KVL191' was resistant to all nematode populations but susceptible to Ha51 and the reactions of the other barley cultivars were also consistent with the Turkish populations being Ila51. AUS10894' was susceptible to three nematode populations but resistant to Ila41, and the reaction of 'Capa' was also consistent with the Turkish populations being Ha51. However, the degree of susceptibility of all wheat differentials distinguishes the Turkish populations from other pathotypes in the Ha1 group.Öğe Genetic variation and population dynamics of the cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi in wheat areas of Bolu, Turkey(Springer, 2017) İmren, Mustafa; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Koca, Abdurrahman Sami; Duman, Nagihan; Yıldız, ŞenolThe cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stelter, was detected in Turkey in 1996 and since then it has been increasingly reported to cause losses in wheat yields. Cereal cyst nematode populations have a wide genetic diversity which makes it difficult to be managed. The objectives of this research were to investigate the genetic variation of 23 cyst nematode populations collected from wheat growing areas of Bolu Province, utilising sequenced ITS-rDNA regions, and monitoring main nematode isolate population dynamics in field conditions. The results of ribosomal DNA sequencing revealed that all cyst populations were H. filipjevi and that little genetic variation was present among populations. The highest number of second-stage juveniles was observed between April and beginning of May in a field experiment; white females were visible on the roots in late May. The hatching process was positively correlated with low temperatures, but there were inverse correlations between reproductive factors and initial nematode population densities.Öğe Host suitability of different wheat lines to Pratylenchus thornei under naturally infested field conditions in Turkey(Brill Academic Publishers, 2019) Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Mokrini, Fouad; Laasli, Salah-Eddine; Yıldız, Şenol; Orakçı, Gül Erginbaş; Duman, Nagihan; İmren, MustafaThe root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, attacks a wide range of crops and causes significant reductions in global grain production. Breeding programmes are currently restricted to using parents with moderate resistance to P. thornei as cereal cultivars with complete resistance are yet to be identified. This study evaluated 484 of CIMMYT's spring wheat accessions for resistance to P. thornei of which 56 lines were pre-identified as resistant under controlled growth room conditions. These lines were further evaluated for their resistance and tolerance reactions under field conditions, where 14 accessions maintained their resistance and 16 were moderately resistant against P. thornei. Four lines gave excellent resistant and tolerance reactions to P. thornei. The relationship between the nematode reproduction factor (P-f/P-i) and wheat grain yield in field experiments fits a linear regression model. These findings could be useful for improving P. thornei resistance in wheat.Öğe Host suitability of wheat cultivars to Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953 and Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924) (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae)(ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC TURKEY, EGE UNIV, 2021) Duman, Nagihan; Özer, Göksel; Dababat, Abdelfattah; İmren, MustafaRoot lesion nematodes (RLNs), Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953 and Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924) (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) are important plant-parasitic nematodes that cause economic yield losses in wheat cropping systems worldwide. The use of resistant and tolerant cultivars is the most effective method to control these nematodes in wheat. There are currently no commercial wheat cultivars identified as completely resistant to the RLN species. The aim of this research was to evaluate 19 Turkish spring wheat cultivars for reaction to P. thornei and P. neglectus under in-vitro conditions over 16 weeks in 2019. In the result of the study, nine wheat cultivars (Adana99, Ata89, Burkut, Cumhuriyet75, Gonen98, Marmara86, Meta2002, Troya and Uludag) were found to have moderate resistance against P. thornei, whereas five wheat cultivars (Adana99, Alibey, Ata89, Ceyhan99 and Uludag) were moderately resistant to P. neglectus. The study also showed that Adana99, Ata89 and Uludag are resistant to both nematode species, and these cultivars, thus, are considered to be excellent sources of genes for further development RLN resistant commercial wheat cultivars.Öğe Incidence and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with wheat-cropping systems in the inner part of the Aegean Region of Turkey(Brill, 2023) Duman, Nagihan; Yıldız, Şenol; İmren, Mustafa; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Öcal, Atilla; Dinçer, DilekPlant-parasitic nematodes are among the most influential soil organisms worldwide and have a detrimental impact on wheat productivity; they also play a major role in maintaining soil diversity. However, limited information is available on the biodiversity of nematodes associated with wheat cropping systems in Turkey. To address this knowledge gap, 45 wheat fields in the Afyonkarahisar Province of Turkey were sampled in 2021 in order to extract and identify nematodes. A total of 14 genera and 44 species of these nematodes were identified based on their physical traits and ITS DNA sequences examination. Shannon diversity index was used to determine the prevalence and biodiversity features of these nematodes. This study represents the first comprehensive research on plant parasitic nematodes from wheat-growing regions in the Afyonkarahisar Province. The genera Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Merlinius, Pratylenchoides and Pratylenchus dominated with a high relative abundance percentage >60%, and were extremely common (>90% for each). The average Shannon index of nematode species in the wheat fields was 2.20, with an evenness value of 0.81, indicating moderate diversification and good nematode evenness. This study also revealed a significant correlation between nematode genus biodiversity and edaphic, climatic and geographical factors. Finally, this research demonstrated a remarkable diversity of soil nematodes associated with wheat crops and they have the potential to be useful tools for extensive soil bio-study.Öğe Morphometric and genetic variability among Mediterranean cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera latipons) populations in Turkey(2018) İmren, Mustafa; Yıldız, Şenol; Toktay, Halil; Duman, Nagihan; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.The Mediterranean cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera latipons, is an important plant parasitic nematode that negatively impacts cereal production worldwide, particularly in the Mediterranean Basin. Successful control of cereal cyst nematodes requires knowledge of the nematode species/pathotypes and their biology. However, little information is currently available concerning the phenotypic and genotypic variability of H. latipons populations in Turkey. This study analyzed the morphological/morphometric and genetic characteristics of Turkish H. latipons populations to define intraspecific distinctions between them. Morphological and morphometric studies focused on the pattern of the perineal region of cysts and second stage juveniles (J2), while the molecular analyses used sequenced ITS-rDNA regions targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. The data from these investigations demonstrate that nematode populations from Adana and Hatay provinces differ from the populations collected in Kilis, Gaziantep, and Mardin provinces. These phenotypic and genotypic differences between H. latipons populations may indicate that they are heterogenic, with at least two pathotypes. To date, this study is the most comprehensive analysis identifying H. latipons populations in major wheatproducing areas of Turkey.Öğe Nematode biodiversity in cereal growing areas of Bolu, Turkey(2017) Yıldız, Şenol; İmren, Mustafa; Duman, NagihanAgricultural fields usually contain both plant parasitic and beneficial free-living nematodes. Plant parasitic nematodes have a negative impact on plant productivity and quality traits, whereas free-living nematodes can have beneficial effects on the agricultural soils health. This study was conducted to investigate the diversity of both plant parasitic nematodes and beneficial free-living nematode. Soil samples were collected in 2015 from wheat growing areas of Bolu Province to investigate soil nematode diversity. Bolu Province was divided into two sub-areas according to elevational. Forty-three nematode taxa were found in the samples; 13 taxa plant parasites, 12 bacterivores, 4 fungivores, 10 omnivores and 4 predators. Relative distribution of nematode trophic groups indicated a bacterivore dominated community, followed by plant parasites, fungivores and omnivores; predators represented only a small proportion. Free-living nematodes, especially bacterivores of basal fauna members and large bodied omnivore members were in good condition in abundance and diversity. General community and maturity indices were calculated for each sample and for the two sub-areas. They produced narrow range values with no significant differences. The study revealed that soil food web in wheat growing areas of the province was in fair to good condition based on nematode diversity.Öğe Occurrence and seasonal variation of the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus neglectus on cereals in Bolu, Turkey(2019) Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Yıldız, Şenol; Çiftçi, Vahdettin; Duman, Nagihan; İmren, MustafaThe root lesion nematode Pratylenchus spp. is one of the most important plant-parasitic nematodes causing global cereal yield losses. Effective management of plant-parasitic nematodes depends on reliable management strategies and comprehensive datasets estimating the distribution, abundance, and population change of nematode species. This study reports the occurrence of Pratylenchus neglectus in wheat-growing districts during the 2014/15 and 2015/16 cropping seasons in Bolu, Turkey. Pratylenchus neglectus was identified by both morphological and molecular methods. The nematode was detected in 11.6% of samples collected from five districts. On average, P. neglectus numbered 1556 nematodes/kg soil, while 12% of samples had more than 2500 nematodes/kg soil. P. neglectus population dynamics were evaluated by sowing a susceptible winter wheat variety (Bezostaya) in a naturally infested field near the Çaydurt district of Bolu during the 2014/15 and 2015/16 cropping seasons. There was a positive correlation (P < 0.01) between nematode abundance in roots and surrounding soil temperature. The highest abundance of nematodes in roots occurred during May (average temperature: 22 °C), while the lowest abundance was during December–March (average temperature: 5 °C). The initial population was measured as an average of 60 nematodes/100 g soil. The reproduction rate of P. neglectus ranged from 0.7 to 4.8 individuals.Öğe Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of wheat and barley varieties for resistance to cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera latipons)(Springer, 2021) İmren, Mustafa; Özer, Göksel; Duman, Nagihan; Dababat, AbdelfattahThe cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) severely threaten wheat production in many cereal-growing areas around the world as well as in Turkey. The screening of wheat and/or barley varieties for characterization of resistance against CCN is a critical step to develop resistant varieties. The present study describes the phenotyping and genotyping resistance situation of indigenous wheat varieties against one Kilis population of Heterodera latipons. Some barley varieties were also included in the phenotyping test. Among the phenotypically tested wheat varieties, Adana99, Menemen, Troya, Izmir, and Kaklic88 were highly resistant (females/plant < 3) to Kilis population whereas no barley variety was resistant. The microsatellite markers linked to Cre1, Cre3, and Cre5 were detected in the resistant varieties Adana99, Izmir, Ceyhan99, and Ata81, while the presence of Cre8 and CreX genes could not be detected in the varieties tested. As expected, no Cre marker was detected in any barley varieties. The presence of the resistance genes Cre1 and Cre5 in wheat does not adequately suppress the reproduction of H. latipons in Ceyhan99 and Ata81 varieties. The Cre3 gene detected using Xgwm301 marker provides resistance to H. latipons in Izmir and Ziyabey98 wheat varieties. Some Cre genes were detected in some wheat varieties regardless of whether they are phenotypically resistant or not; however, no correlation was found between the presence of any marker and phenotypic resistance.
