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    Possible effects of pliocene and pleistocene on the Anatolian populations of andricus tomentosus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
    (Univ Oradea Publ House, 2023) Mutun, Serap; Danso, Omar A.
    Andricus tomentosus is an oak gall wasp species widely distributed in the Western Palearctic region and is one of the common parasitic species forming its bell-shaped asexual generation galls on white oak species. Despite its widespread distribution in Turkey, little is known about the species. In this study, we investigated 19 populations of A. tomentosus using partial sequences of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene and the nuclear ITS2 region to assess the species' genetic diversity and population genetic structure. Two hundred and forty sequences that generated 47 mitochondrial haplotypes and 28 nuclear alleles revealed intermediate to high genetic variation for both studied regions. Some eastern/southeastern Anatolian populations displayed higher diversity than the central/western localities. Demographic analyses and high haplotype/allele versus low nucleotide diversity implied that A. tomentosus populations might have undergone a series of expansion and retraction events in the past, which were correlated with the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes during Pliocene and Pleistocene. Further, phylogenetic inferences suggested that A. tomentosus populations were divided into two well-diverged clades as eastern and western, which offered that geographic barriers were also the main driver of the lineage formation in A. tomentosus.