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  • Küçük Resim
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    In vitro propagation and cardenolide profiling of Digitalis ferruginea subsp schischkinii, a medicinally important foxglove species with limited distribution in Northern Turkey
    (Springer, 2016) Yücesan, Buhara; Mohammed, Aliyu; Eker, İsmail; Sameeullah, Muhammad; Demir-Ordu, Öznur; Cihangir, Cansu; Şahbaz, Nevin; Kaya, Özge; Gürel, Ekrem
    Cardenolides isolated from genus Digitalis are natural compounds used in treating cardiac insufficiencies. Recent investigations have also suggested the use of cardenolides in oncology. Due to the medicinal importance of the genus Digitalis, in vitro regeneration techniques would be useful for propagating the best genotypes selected from natural sources. To achieve this, Digitalis ferruginea subsp. schischkinii (Ivanina) K. Werner was collected from different locations along the Black Sea region of Turkey. In the cardenolide analysis, samples from Giresun and Trabzon showed a greater diversity than those from other locations, and thus, the Trabzon population was selected for plant tissue culture studies. In vitro regeneration was performed using cotyledonary leaves and hypocotyl segments on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg L-1) of 6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (KIN), or thidiazuron (TDZ) alone or in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at 0.5 or 1.0 mg L-1. Among the media used for shoot regeneration, the highest frequency of shoot organogenesis was obtained from MS medium containing 2.0 mg L-1 TDZ and 0.5 mg L-1 IAA, producing 11.0 shoots per explant with 100% regeneration frequency from hypocotyl explants after 4 wk. For successful rooting, IAA was the most effective at 1.0 or 2.0 mg L-1, producing 16.3 or 17.3 roots per shoot, respectively, after 4 wk. Regenerants from several medium types were grown in a greenhouse for 6 mo, and all displayed similar cardenolide contents, i.e., the lanatoside C level was around 0.3% (w/w) while the levels of lanatosides A and B, digoxin, and digitoxin were less than 0.08% (w/w), similar to plants grown from seeds collected from Trabzon district.
  • Küçük Resim
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    In vitro regeneration and cardenolide determination of an endemic foxglove, Digitalis cariensis (Aegean Foxglove)
    (Springer, 2015) Mohammed, Aliyu; Yücesan, Buhara; Demir-Ordu, Öznur; Cihangir, Cansu; Eker, İsmail; Gürel, Ekrem
    The genus Digitalis L. is one of the most pharmacologically important plant genera because many Digitalis species produce cardenolides, which are commonly used for cardiac insufficiencies. In this study, different pretreatments were employed to increase germination of Digitalis cariensis seeds, which germinate poorly because of extensive dormancy. Seed germination was improved when seeds were pretreated by scarification followed by soaking in sterile distilled water overnight. In addition, the regeneration capacity of four different types of explants (cotyledonary leaf, root, hypocotyl, or flamingo-bill-type [FBT]) was tested on Linsmaier and Skoog (LS), Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Gamborg's B5 (B5) medium containing no plant growth regulators or supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 thidiazuron (TDZ) alone or in combination with 0.25 mg L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Among the explants tested, only FBT explants regenerated. The highest mean number of shoots was produced on LS medium supplemented with a combination of 0.5 mg L-1 TDZ and 0.25 mg L-1 IAA, producing 3.9 shoots per FBT explant after 4 wk of incubation. Regenerated shoots were rooted on LS medium containing different concentrations of IAA or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg L-1). The greatest number of roots developed on medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 IAA, which produced 5.6 roots per shoot after 3 wk of culture. Cardenolides were profiled by HPLC analysis from basal leaves of D. cariensis plants from natural populations and from in vitro-derived plantlets. There was no significant difference in lanatoside contents (A, B, and C) between the two sources. Digoxin and digitoxin were not detected in either source.