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Öğe Co-combustion of Zn/Cd-hyperaccumulator and textile dyeing sludge: Heavy metal immobilizations, gas-to-ash behaviors, and their temperature and atmosphere dependencies(Elsevier, 2023) Wu, Xieyuan; Chen, Zhiliang; Liu, Jingyong; Wei, Zebin; Chen, Zihong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Sun, Shuiyu; Chen, ZhibinThis study quantified and revealed the temperature and atmosphere dependencies of the enrichment rates and speciation distributions of Zn and Cd and the behaviors of Cl and S for the co-combustion of a hyperaccumulator (SAH) of Zn and Cd and textile dyeing sludge (TDS) at a blend ratio of 3:1 (ST31). The addition of Al-rich TDS to SAH provided the chemisorption sites for Zn and Cd and generated stable Al/Si structures for their stabilization in the ST31 ash. The rising temperature and the atmosphere change from N-2/O-2 to CO2/O-2 transformed Zn and Cd into their oxidizable and residual fractions. Cl promoted the volatilizations of the heavy metals, with its content in the ST31 ash falling from 86.28% at 650 ? to 17.98% at 950 ?. The S content (31.08-33.86%) of the ST31 ash existed mainly as CaSO4 and was slightly higher in the CO2/O-2 than N-2/O-2 atmosphere (29.45%) since the high CO2 concentration adversely influenced the decomposition of CaCO3, while S indirectly affected the migrations of Zn and Cd. The combined results of the experiments, thermodynamic simulations, and multi-objective optimization pointed to 850 ? in the oxy-fuel atmosphere with 30% O-2 concentration as the optimal settings in order to stabilize Zn and Cd with an acceptable risk. The possible reaction pathways and immobilization mechanisms were also derived considering the interactions among minerals, Zn, Cd, Cl, and S.Öğe Co-thermal conversion, atmosphere, and blend type controls over heavy metals in biochars and bottom slags of textile dyeing sludge and durian shell(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Liu, Hui; Chen, Xi; Wei, Xipeng; Chen, Zhibin; Yuan, Haoran; Evrendilek, Fatih; Huang, ShengzhengThe co-thermal conversions of textile dyeing sludge ((TDS) with biomass may be turned into a feasible and green technology to valorize energy and products, but the transformation behavior of heavy metals remains unclear. This study aimed to quantify the migrations and distributions of HMs in biochars and bottom slags and their environmental risks in response to the co-pyrolysis and co-combustion of durian shell (DS) and TDS, atmosphere type, blend ratio, and temperature. The co-combustion interaction of DS and TDS raised the residual HM contents of the bottom slag. Co-pyrolysis reduces the environmental risks of HMs of the TDS, and the effect of CO2 atmosphere is better. In 80N(2)20O(2), Cr, Zn, and Cu in the TDS bottom slag had the highest leaching toxicity concentrations at 900 degrees C. At 800 degrees C, the leaching toxicity concentrations of HMs were Cr > Cu > Zn > Mn in TDS. The O-2 concentration and atmosphere type did not significantly affect the HM morphology and transformation. K increased the temperature of converting solid-phase Ni to slag-phase NiO in DS sample and affected the transformation temperature and strength of Ni, Zn, and Pb in other sample at the high temperature. The combined results of all the three optimizations of HM contents, forms, and risks pointed to add 50 % DS in the N-2 atmosphere and add 50 % DS in 50N(2)50O(2) and 80CO(2)20O(2) atmospheres as the optimal co-pyrolysis/combustion settings, respectively.Öğe Converting and valorizing heavy metal-laden post-harvest hyperaccumulator (Pteris vittate L.) into biofuel via acid-pretreated pyrolysis and gasification(Elsevier Science SA, 2023) Huang, Shengzheng; Liu, Jingyong; Chen, Siqi; Wang, Jin; Chen, Zhibin; Evrendilek, FatihNot only should post-harvest hyperaccumulators rich in heavy metals (HMs) be properly disposed to avoid secondary HMs pollution, but also they should be valorized to enhance circular economy. This study aimed to characterize how As-hyperaccumulator (Pteris vittate L.) (PV) pretreated with HCl or H3PO4 affected its physi-cochemical, HMs, decomposition, and volatile characteristics. The HCl-pretreated PV retained its original main components, physical properties, and chemical structures but introduced Cl to carbon chain, induced O loss, increased C content, and removed most minerals, in particular, alkali/alkaline earth metals. The favorable py-rolysis and gasification behaviors of PV were maintained via the HCl-pretreated PV, with the raised and nar-rowed temperature range of mass loss but with the increased energy demand for the decomposition. Compared with PV (276.74 kJ/mol), 5% HCl-pretreated PV reduced activation energy of its pyrolysis (260.62 kJ/mol). The H3PO4 pretreatment destroyed carbon chain, loaded phosphorus oxygen group, and removed more organics and minerals in PV than did the HCl-pretreated PV. This in turn allowed for an earlier start and finish of devolati-lization stage, an easier breaking of potential energy barrier, and improvement of reaction favorability. Unlike the two atmospheres, the acid pretreatments changed the temperature dependency of volatile products during the main reaction-temperature range. The volatile products which released from the pyrolysis and gasification at the temperature of maximum mass loss peak or 350 degrees C were collected. HCl-pretreated PV reduced the formation of ring-opening products, while H3PO4-pretreated PV emitted more aromatic compounds and selectively generated ketone, such as levoglucanone. More HMs were dissolved with the increased acid concentration, with HMs in HCl-pretreated PV being at a higher leaching concentration than those in the other treatments. H3PO4- pretreated PV retained As, Cd, and Pb at a low leachable rate. The best joint optimization was achieved with the combined settings of 5% HCl-pretreated PV or 10% H3PO4-pretreated PV at 10 degrees C/min in the N2 atmosphere. Overall, findings provide new insights into how to best manage and valorize post-harvest and HM-laden hyperaccumulators.Öğe Dynamic, synergistic, and optimal emissions and kinetics of volatiles during co-pyrolysis of soil remediation plants with kaolin/modified kaolin(Elsevier Science Sa, 2024) Chen, Zhibin; Li, Weijie; Huang, Shengzheng; Zhuang, Ping; Jia, Dajie; Evrendilek, Fatih; Zhong, ShengThe post-harvest disposal of soil remediation plants (SRPs) needs to be eco-friendly for remediation techniques to be sustainable. Incorporating Al/Si-based materials as additives may prove to be an effective method for stabilizing heavy metals during the pyrolysis of Zn/Cd-enriched SRPs. Based on the coupling of thermogravimetry - Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry - mass spectrometry - two-dimensional correlation spectrum analyses (TG-FTIR-MS-2D-COS) and Gaussian modeling, this study aimed to quantify and unveil dynamic, synergistic, and optimal emissions and kinetics of volatile components in response to the co-pyrolysis of Pfaffia glomerata (PG) with kaolin (K) or modified kaolin (KH). The kinetic mechanism of the thermal decomposition stage of volatile components was best accounted for by the diffusion model (100-315 degrees C) and reaction order model (315-600 degrees C).The Al-OH group in K enhanced the evolution and emission of CO2, H2O, and CH4. PG mixed with 10 % K (PK91) reduced the average activation energy value of PG from 217.90 to 196.44 kJ/mol. Compared with K, KH demonstrated superior thermal stability and controlled the cleavage of carbonyl, ether, carboxyl, and methyl groups, thus reducing gaseous pollution. Specifically, PG mixed with 20 % KH (PKH82) minimized the mass loss of PG biochar by 112.81 %, while PG mixed with 10 % KH (PKH91) reduced the E-a value of PG to 155.91 kJ/mol. The sequential temperature dependency of volatiles in PG, identified through two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, was altered by both K and KH. Given artificial neural network-based simulations, the simultaneously optimized reduction in total volatile emission and fuel mass was achieved with PKH91 but diminished with the rising temperature. These insights contribute to optimizing energy and controlling air pollution during the co-pyrolysis of SRPs with Al/Si-based materials.Öğe Fates of heavy metals, S, and P during co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge and cattle manure(Elseiver, 2023) Zhang, Junhui; Chen, Jiacong; Liu, Jingyong; Evrendilek, Fatih; Zhang, Gang; Chen, ZhibinThe co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and cattle manure (CM) may enhance circularity in terms of resource and pollution controls. However, the pollutant migrations and transformations of ashes and their characterization during the co-combustion are still unclear. This study aimed to quantify the transformation and migration behaviors of the co-combustion ashes, as well as the interactions involved via thermogravimetric experiments and thermodynamic simulations. The addition of TDS facilitated the conversions of Ni and Cr from the extractable form to the stable one, increasing their environmental safety. P dominated S for the reaction with Ca which promoted the generation of S-containing gas emission and apatite P. The reactions between the minerals in CM and Ca in TDS generated calcium silicate, decreasing the S-fixation ability of Ca, while increasing the emission of S-containing gases. Our findings provide insights into the interactions among the minerals, the heavy metals, and the specific elements and their impacts on pollutant emissions, thus enhancing pollution control strategies.Öğe Multiple drivers, interaction effects, and trade-offs of efficient and cleaner combustion of torrefied water hyacinth(Elsevier, 2021) Huang, Hongyi; Liu, Jingyong; Chen, Laiguo; Evrendilek, Fatih; Liu, Hui; Chen, ZhibinDeveloping cleaner and affordable alternatives to the sole reliance on fossil fuels has intensified efforts to improve the thermochemical conversion property of the second-generation lignocellulosic biomass. This study aimed to explore the effects of the two torrefaction temperatures (200 and 300 degrees C), the two reaction atmospheres (N-2/O-2 and CO2/O-2), and the three heating rates (5, 10, and 15 degrees C/min) on the combustion regime of water hyacinth (WH). Decomposition behaviors, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms, evolved emissions and functional groups, and fuel microstructure properties were quantified. The deoxygenation and dehydration reactions acted as the main drivers of the torrefaction process, with the peak degree of deoxygenation of 8621% for WH torrefied at 300 degrees C (WH300). WH300 significantly reduced the quantity of oxygen-containing functional groups and altered the fuel microstructure properties. The order of the decomposition rates of the pseudo-components were hemicellulose > cellulose > lignin for both WH and WH torrefied at 200 degrees C (WH200) and cellulose > lignin > hemicellulose for WH300. The average activation energy fell from 197.71 to 195.71 kJ/mol for WH, 287.90 to 195.97 Itilmol for WH200, and 226.92 to 184.94 kyrnol for WH300 when the atmosphere changed from N-2/O-2 to CO2/O-2. The heating rate exerted a stronger control on their combustion behaviors than did the reaction atmosphere. CO2 , NO, and NO2 emissions dropped by 46.0, 53.1, and 65.9% for WH200 and 29.6, 42.8, and 62.5% for WH300, respectively, when compared to WH. 473.7 degrees C, 5 degrees C/min, and the CO2/O-2 atmosphere were the optimal settings for the maximized combustion efficiency. 717.1 degrees C was determined as the optimal setting for the minimized combustion emissions. Our study can yield new insights into the large-scale and cleaner combustion of the torrefied water hyacinth. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Optimizing co-combustion synergy of soil remediation biomass and pulverized coal toward energetic and gas-to-ash pollution controls(Elsevier, 2023) Chen, Zhibin; Chen, Zhiliang; Liu, Jingyong; Zhuang, Ping; Evrendilek, Fatih; Huang, Shengzheng; Chen, Tao; Xie, Wuming; He, Yao; Sun, ShuiyuThe co-combustion synergy of post-phytoremediation biomass may be optimized to cultivate a variety of benefits from re ducing dependence on fossil fuels to stabilizing heavy metals in a small quantity of ash. This study characterized the thermo kinetic parameters, gas-to-ash products, and energetically and environmentally optimal conditions for the co-combustions of aboveground (PG-A) and belowground (PG-B) biomass of Pfaffia glomerata (PG) with pulverized coal (PC). The mono combustions of PG-A and PG-B involved the decompositions of cellulose and hemicellulose in the range of 162–400 °C and of lignin in the range of 400–600 °C. PG improved the combustion performance of PC, with the blends of 30 % PG A and 70 % (PAC37) and 10 % PG-B and 90 % PC (PBC19) exhibiting the strongest synergy. Both PG-A and PG-B interacted with PC in the range of 160–440 °C, while PC positively affected PG in the range of 440–600 °C. PC decreased the apparent activation energy (Eα) of PG, with PBC19 having the lowest Eα value (107.85 kJ/mol). The reaction order models (Fn) best elucidated the co-combustion mechanisms of the main stages. Adding >50 % PC reduced the alkali metal content of PG, prevented the slagging and fouling depositions, and mitigated the Cd and Zn leaching toxicity. The functional groups, vol atiles, and N- and S-containing gases fell with PAC37 and PBC19, while CO2 emission rose. Energetically and environmen tally multiple objectives for the operational conditions were optimized via artificial neural networks. Our study presents controls over the co-circularity and co-combustion of the soil remediation plant and coalÖğe Torrefaction, temperature, and heating rate dependencies of pyrolysis of coffee grounds: Its performances, bio-oils, and emissions(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2022) Fu, Jiawei; Liu, Jingyong; Xu, Weijie; Chen, Zhibin; Evrendilek, Fatih; Sun, ShuiyuThe torrefaction pretreatment is of great significance to the efficient conversion of biomass residues into bioenergy. In this study, the effects of the three torrefaction temperatures (200, 250, and 300 degrees C) on the pyrolysis performance and products of coffee grounds (CG) were quantified. The torrefaction treatment increased the initial devolatilization and maximum peak temperatures of the CG pyrolysis. Activation energy of CG250 was lower than that of CG and more conducive to the pyrolysis. Torrefaction altered the distributions of the pyrolytic products and promoted the generation of C=C. Torrefaction changed the composition ratio of the pyrolytic biooils although cyanoacetic acid and 2-butene still dominated the bio-oils. The joint optimization pointed to pyrolysis temperature > 600 degrees C and torrefaction temperature <= 270 degrees C as the optimal conditions. Our experimental results also verified that torrefaction of CG may be more suitable at 200 and 250 degrees C than 300 degrees C.
