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    Assessing thermal behaviors and kinetics of (co-)combustion of textile dyeing sludge and sugarcane bagasse
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Xie, Wenhao; Huang, Jianli; Liu, Jingyong; Zhao, Yongjiu; Chang, Kenlin; Kuo, Jiahong; He, Yao; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih
    Thermogravimetric and mass spectrometric (TG-MS) experiments were carried out using textile dyeing sludge (TDS), sugarcane bagasse (SB) and their blends with different ratios. (Co-)combustion kinetic parameters of each sample were calculate by using TG-derivative curves. CO2, NOx, NH3 and SO2 emissions were also quantified. The addition of SB to TDS lowered SO2 but enhanced NOx, NH3 and CO2 emissions. Calculated activation energies (E) of the pure TDS and SB, and their blend (TB64) according to the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method were on average in the range of 185.6-253.9 kJ.mol(-1), 152.9-235.9 kJ.mol(-1) and 111.1-161.8 kJ.mol(-1), respectively. Based on the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method, E estimates of the pure TDS and SB, and the blend ranged from 183.1 to 251.0 kJ.mol(-1), 152.1 to 237.2 kJ.mol(-1) and 108.2 to 160.1 kJ.mol(-1), respectively. Our results indicated that the blend E was affected by the interactions between TDS and SB. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    (Co-)pyrolytic performances and by-products of textile dyeing sludge and spent mushroom substrate
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Huang, Jianli; Liu, Jingyong; Chang, Kenlin; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih
    The (co-)pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge and spent mushroom substrate was conducted to characterize their thermal behaviors and by-products. The devolatilization of textile dyeing sludge mainly occurred between 150 and 500 degrees C, while the decomposition of inorganic matter as well as the secondary cracking of coke and tar happened between 500 and 1000 degrees C. The addition of spent mushroom substrate increased the release rate at the devolatilization stage of textile dyeing sludge and their blends due to its higher volatiles content. The enhanced co-pyrolysis performance occurred mainly at the high temperature. The melting of inorganic matter was enhanced with the temperature rise but weakened with the addition of spent mushroom substrate. Sulfur mainly existed as sulfate in textile dyeing sludge and as organic sulfur in spent mushroom substrate. With the temperature rise, nitrogen-containing compounds formed more stable compounds. Spent mushroom substrate promoted the formation of nitrogen oxides by converting nitrogen to an inactive form. Sulfates were decomposed at high temperatures partially turning into sulfide. 30% spent mushroom substrate increased the relative sulfate content at 800 degrees C and fixed sulfur into inorganic compounds. The relative contents of aromatics, and nitrogen-containing compounds rose in the bio-oils, whereas alkanes fell with the elevated temperature. Spent mushroom substrate enhanced the formation of aromatics and reduced the yields of nitrogen-containing compounds, and acidic volatiles. The co-pyrolysis appeared to improve the bio-oil quality and the pyrolytic performance of textile dyeing sludge. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Co-combustion of sewage sludge and coffee grounds under increased O-2/CO2 atmospheres: Thermodynamic characteristics, kinetics and artificial neural network modeling
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Chen, Jiacong; Xie, Candie; Liu, Jingyong; He, Yao; Xie, Wuming; Zhang, Xiaochun; Chang, Kenlin; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih
    (Co-)combustion characteristics of sewage sludge (SS), coffee grounds (CG) and their blends were quantified under increased O-2/CO2 atmosphere (21, 30, 40 and 60%) using a thermogravimetric analysis. Observed percentages of CG mass loss and its maximum were higher than those of SS. Under the same atmospheric O-2 concentration, both higher ignition and lower burnout temperatures occurred with the increased CG content. Results showed that ignition temperature and comprehensive combustion index for the blend of 60% SS-40% CG increased, whereas burnout temperature and co-combustion time decreased with the increased O-2 concentration. Artificial neural network was applied to predict mass loss percent as a function of gas mixing ratio, heating rate, and temperature, with a good agreement between the experimental and ANN-predicted values. Activation energy in response to the increased O-2 concentration was found to increase from 218.91 to 347.32 kJ.mol(-1) and from 218.34 to 340.08 kJ.mol(-1) according to the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods, respectively.
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    Co-combustion thermal conversion characteristics of textile dyeing sludge and pomelo peel using TGA and artificial neural networks
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Xie, Candie; Liu, Jingyong; Zhang, Xiaochun; Xie, Wuming; Sun, Jian; Chang, Kenlin; Kuo, Jiahong; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih
    Co-combustion characteristics of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and pomelo peel (PP) under O-2/N-2 and O-2/CO2 atmospheres were investigated using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and artificial neural networks. 30% O-2/70% CO2 and air atmospheres led to a similar co-combustion performance. Increases in O-2 concentration and PP significantly improved the oxy-fuel co-combustion performance of TDS. Principal component analysis was applied to reduce the dimensionality of differential TGA curves and to identify the principal reactions. The interaction between TDS and PP occurred mainly at 490-600 degrees C, thus improving the process of residue co combustion. Radial basis function was found to have more reliable and robust predictions of TGA under different O-2/CO2 atmospheres than did Bayesian regularized network. Regardless of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods used, the lowest mean value of apparent activation energy (155.4 kJ.mol(-1) by FWO and 153.2 kJ.mol(-1) by KAS) was obtained under the 30% O-2/70% CO2 atmosphere.
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    Flue gas-to-ash desulfurization of combustion of textile dyeing sludge: Its dependency on temperature, lignocellulosic residue, and CaO
    (Elsevier B.V., 2020) Huang, Jianli; Wu, Xieyuan; Liu, Jingyong; Chang, Kenlin; Evrendilek, Fatih; Liang, Guanjie
    Flue gas-to-ash controls on sulfur (S) species of the combustion of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) are pivotal in the achievement of circular and cleaner economies. This experimental study aimed to characterize S transformations in TDS as a function of temperature (600–1000 °C) and blend ratios of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and calcium oxide (CaO) through thermodynamic equilibrium simulations. The conversion ratio of S to flue gas from the mono-combustion of TDS rose by 29.7% between 600 and 1000 °C and was 92.9% at 1000 °C. The increasing sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission with the high temperature occurred from the decomposition of sulfates. The conversion of S to SO2 decreased significantly with an increase in SMS from 10 to 50% and enhanced the S distribution in fly ash. Potassium and phosphorous in SMS appeared to play a significant role in the conversion of S. The addition of CaO exhibited a good desulfurization performance, with the S content of ash peaking at 5.2% at 800 °C with 7% CaO. The desulfurization efficiency of CaO highly depended on the temperature and blend ratios. The addition of SMS facilitated the agglomeration to form large particles at 1000 °C and formed more micro pores on their surfaces. Our equilibrium simulations pointed to the important role of CaO-assisted co-combustion versus mono-combustion of TDS in the S retention as well as to the enhanced decomposition of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) by SMS. Chlorine had a better affinity toward potassium to promote the release of gaseous potassium chloride (KCl) which in turn appeared to react with SO2 in flue gas and formed sulfates through sulfation reaction.
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    Thermodynamic behaviors of Cu in interaction with chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus and minerals during sewage sludge co-incineration
    (Chemical Industry Press, 2018) Liu, Jingyong; Liu, Chao; Sun, Guang; Xie, Wuming; Dang, Xiao'e; Kuo, Jiahong; Chang, Kenlin; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih
    Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed to reveal effects of interactions among Cl, S, P and other minerals on Cu migration. Our results showed that HCl(g), SO2(g) and (P2O5)(2)(g) were released from the sewage sludge co-incineration. Cl was found to weaken adsorption of Cu by Al2O3, CaO and Fe2O3, while S delayed reactions of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 with Cu, with P having no effect on reactions between the minerals and Cu. Among the coupled systems of Cl,S and P, the co-existences of Cl and S, and Cl, S and P were determined to inhibit Cu volatilization, and the co-existence of Cl and P had an enhancing effect. Cu migration was affected only by S in the S and P system. With the SiO2, CaO and Al2O3 system, both Cl alone and Cl and P led to failed reactions between the minerals and Cu. In the systems of S, S and Cl, S and P, and S, Cl and P, the migration behavior of Cu was mainly affected by S at low temperatures and by Cl at high temperatures, whereas P had no effect on Cu migration during the entire process. (C) 2017 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press. All rights reserved.